Moraine breakwater outburst prevention and control system and test device

Abstract

The invention provides a moraine embankment burst prevention and control system and a test device, and relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, the system comprises a plurality of first stones and a plurality of first anchor rods which are placed on a moraine embankment slope surface, the plurality of first anchor rods are inserted into different first stones along a direction perpendicular to the moraine embankment slope surface, the plurality of first stones are annularly arranged, and the plurality of first anchor rods are inserted into different first stones along a direction perpendicular to the moraine embankment slope surface. Every two adjacent first anchor rods in the annular arrangement direction are connected through a connecting rod, so that all the first stone blocks form a continuous annular sheet structure, and the integrity and stability of the system are enhanced. Water flow impact force is evenly dispersed into the whole system through the annular sheet structure, the situation that a single first stone moves or breaks away under local stress concentration is avoided, and therefore the moraine breakwater outburst risk is reduced. In addition, the first stone blocks are loose materials naturally accumulated on the moraine bank slope after long-term rainwater erosion, the naturally accumulated first stone blocks are redesigned to be annularly arranged, additional materials are not needed, and the material use amount and the construction difficulty are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, and in particular to a moraine embankment breach prevention and control system and a test device. Background Art

[0002] In high-altitude mountainous areas, the flood disaster chain caused by the outburst of moraine lakes is characterized by a wide range, large scale, and large flow, making it difficult and costly to implement prevention and control projects downstream (the basin below the moraine lake). At the upstream source of the disaster chain, the location of ice avalanches is usually located in areas above 5,000 meters above sea level, which is not only difficult to reach, but also difficult to implement engineering prevention and control even if it is reached. Therefore, compared with the difficulties in prevention and control at the source and downstream, carrying out prevention and control projects at the key trigger point of the disaster chain - moraine embankments to prevent the outburst of moraine lakes can effectively break the chain and reduce disasters, achieving significant results.

[0003] At present, there are two main methods to prevent and control moraine lake outbursts: the first is to lower the water level and increase the freeboard. Through a variety of drainage methods such as siphons, pumps, open channels or culverts, this method can flexibly adapt to different geological conditions and reduce the risk of outbursts to a certain extent. However, this method has high energy consumption and high precipitation costs, and the low air pressure and small water level changes in the high-altitude and cold mountainous areas will affect the drainage efficiency, making it difficult to achieve the required freeboard height. In response to the above problems, some areas have begun to adopt the second method, that is, to build a retaining dam at the location prone to outbursts. Although the retaining dam can stabilize the dam body and reduce the risk of outbursts, since the moraine embankment can be hundreds of meters long and requires a freeboard of 15-20 meters, it is not practical to build a dam of such a scale in the high-altitude and cold mountainous areas, and there is also a risk of outbursts during the construction period. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a moraine embankment breach prevention and control system and test device to address the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application is as follows:

[0006] One aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a moraine embankment breach prevention system, comprising a plurality of first stones and a plurality of first anchor rods placed on a slope of the moraine embankment, the plurality of first anchor rods being respectively inserted into different first stones in a direction perpendicular to the slope of the moraine embankment, the plurality of first stones being arranged in a ring, and two adjacent first anchor rods along the direction of the ring arrangement being connected via a connecting rod.

[0007] Optionally, the moraine levee breach prevention system further includes at least one second stone having a smaller particle size than the first stone, a plurality of first stones are arranged in a ring shape to form a receiving space, and the at least one second stone is placed in the receiving space.

[0008] Optionally, a flexible protective net is provided on the top cover of the accommodating space, and the periphery of the flexible protective net is connected to the plurality of first anchor rods.

[0009] Optionally, the moraine embankment breach prevention system further comprises a plurality of support ropes, which are respectively passed through at least part of the mesh holes at different side edges of the flexible protective net, and the two ends of each support rope are respectively connected to two adjacent first anchor rods along the circular arrangement direction.

[0010] Optionally, the moraine levee breach prevention system further comprises a suture rope, and at least part of the mesh holes on one side edge of the flexible protective net are sutured to the corresponding supporting rope via the suture rope.

[0011] Optionally, the moraine embankment breach prevention system also includes a second anchor rod, a pressure plate is provided at one end of the second anchor rod, the end of the second anchor rod away from the pressure plate passes through the flexible protective net and is inserted into the second stone in a direction perpendicular to the slope of the moraine embankment, and the flexible protective net is clamped between the pressure plate and the second stone.

[0012] Optionally, the moraine levee breach prevention system further comprises a third stone having a smaller particle size than the second stone, and the third stone is used to fill a gap between the first stone and the second stone.

[0013] Optionally, the moraine embankment breach prevention system further comprises a hollow connector, an anchor plate is provided at the end of the first anchor rod away from the first stone, the connector is fixedly sleeved outside the first anchor rod and abuts against the anchor plate, and the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the connector.

[0014] Optionally, a plurality of first through holes are opened on the periphery of the anchor pad, and the ends of the support ropes are passed through the first through holes.

[0015] Another aspect of the present application provides a moraine embankment breach prevention and control test device for

[0017] Testing any of the above-mentioned moraine dike breach prevention systems includes a water trough, a slide plate placed in the water trough, an ice avalanche test object placed on the slide plate, and a moraine dike test object placed in the water trough. The moraine dike breach prevention system is placed on the moraine dike test object, and the ice avalanche test object is driven to slide along the slide plate to the water trough to drive the liquid in the water trough to impact the moraine dike test object and the moraine dike breach prevention system.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this application include:

[0019] The present application provides a moraine embankment breach prevention system, including a plurality of first stones and a plurality of first anchor rods placed on the moraine embankment slope, wherein the plurality of first anchor rods are respectively plugged into different first stones in a direction perpendicular to the moraine embankment slope, and the plurality of first stones are arranged in a ring, and two adjacent first anchor rods along the ring arrangement direction are connected by connecting rods, so that all the first stones form a continuous ring-shaped sheet structure, thereby enhancing the integrity and stability of the system. The impact force of the water flow is evenly dispersed throughout the system through the ring-shaped sheet structure, thereby preventing a single first stone from moving or detaching under local force concentration, thereby reducing the risk of moraine embankment breach. Secondly, the first stone is a loose material naturally accumulated on the moraine embankment slope after long-term rain erosion. By redesigning the existing naturally accumulated first stones into a ring arrangement without the need for additional materials, the material usage and construction difficulty are reduced. In addition, the system fully respects the natural state of the moraine embankment, and only reinforces it with a simple structure, reducing the impact on the ecological environment and avoiding the risk of embankment breach during the construction period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first moraine embankment breach prevention system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a second moraine embankment breach prevention system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 One of the structural schematic diagrams of the third moraine embankment breach prevention system provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 4 The second structural schematic diagram of the third moraine embankment breach prevention system provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the connection between the first anchor rod, the connecting rod and the support rope provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a second anchor rod provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 7 A structural schematic diagram of a moraine embankment breach prevention and control test device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG8( a ) is a schematic structural diagram of a one-row and two-column moraine embankment breach prevention system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] FIG8( b ) is a schematic structural diagram of a two-row and two-column moraine embankment breach prevention system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG8( c ) is a schematic structural diagram of a three-row and three-column moraine embankment breach prevention system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG8( d ) is a schematic structural diagram of a free-falling moraine embankment breach prevention system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Fig. 9 A comparison chart of the protection results of freely accumulated rocks and various moraine embankment breach prevention and control systems provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0033] Icons: 10- moraine dike breach prevention system; 111- first stone; 112- second stone; 113- third stone; 12- first anchor rod; 121- anchor pad; 13- connecting rod; 14- flexible protective net; 15- support rope; 151- rope clamp; 16- second anchor rod; 161- pressure plate; 17- connector; 18- scaffolding fastener; 21- water trough; 22- slide plate; 23- ice avalanche test object; 24- moraine dike test object; 25- reservoir; 26- triangular weir; 27- waste pool; 28- flow meter; 29- video recorder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0035] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the various features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, and the combined embodiments are still within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0037] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the application is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0039] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0040] In one aspect of the present application, a moraine levee breach prevention system 10 is provided, which is intended to utilize naturally accumulated materials and simple engineering measures to improve the stability of moraine levees and reduce the risk of moraine levee breach. Figure 1 As shown, the system is composed of a plurality of first stones 111 and a plurality of first anchor rods 12 respectively plugged into different first stones 111. By reasonably arranging the plurality of first stones 111 and connecting the plurality of first anchor rods 12 through connecting rods 13, a ring-shaped sheet structure can be formed together, thereby providing a reliable protection effect. This design can not only effectively resist the impact of water flow, but also prevent a single stone from falling off or shifting under local force, thereby enhancing the integrity and stability of the system.

[0041] Specifically, the key to the prevention and control system lies in the reasonable configuration of the first stone 111 and the first anchor rod 12. The first stone 111 is a loose material naturally accumulated on the slope of the moraine embankment after long-term rain erosion, and has a certain quality and stability. Compared with traditional artificial materials, the first stone 111 can effectively give play to the advantages of natural resources while reducing engineering costs and construction difficulties. By arranging multiple first stones 111 in a ring, and inserting each first anchor rod 12 into different first stones 111 in a direction perpendicular to the slope of the moraine embankment, a stable structure is formed. Among them, each first anchor rod 12 only needs to be firmly fixed on the corresponding first stone 111 without penetrating into the soil, which can not only simplify the construction process, but also reduce the impact on the ecological environment.

[0042] The first anchor rod 12 not only plays the role of fixing the first stone 111, but also connects the adjacent first anchor rods 12 through the connecting rod 13, so that a tight ring structure is formed between the multiple first stones 111. The connecting rod 13 connects the adjacent anchor rods in the ring arrangement direction to ensure that all the first stones 111 form a whole, which can evenly disperse the impact force of the water flow and prevent the phenomenon of excessive local force. This structural arrangement can prevent the displacement or fall off of a single first stone 111 under the impact of the water flow, thereby effectively improving the anti-water flow scouring and starting ability of the first stone 111 and reducing the risk of the moraine embankment from breaking. It should be noted that the first anchor rod 12 and the connecting rod 13 should adopt lightweight, high-strength, easy to replace, durable, versatile and standardized alloy steel structural components. For example, the first anchor rod 12 adopts corrosion-resistant threaded steel bars and the connecting rod 13 adopts steel pipes, which is not only convenient for construction and maintenance, but also improves the durability of the system.

[0043] In the specific implementation process, suitable first stones 111 should be selected from the existing naturally accumulated materials on the slope of the moraine embankment, and they should be arranged in a ring to ensure that the first stones 111 are evenly distributed and closely fit the slope. The length and diameter of the first anchor rod 12 are determined according to the size and weight of the first stone 111 to ensure a firm and stable connection. During construction, an anchor hole is excavated in the first stone 111 using a water drill, the first anchor rod 12 is inserted into the anchor hole, and cement slurry is poured to enhance the bonding force between the first anchor rod 12 and the first stone 111. In addition, in order to adapt to the different spacings between multiple first stones 111, the connecting rod 13 is designed to be adjustable in length and angle to ensure a tight connection and maintain the coordination of the system. If the span between two adjacent first anchor rods 12 is too large, so that the length of the connecting rod 13 exceeds the design range or the rigidity is insufficient, an auxiliary connecting rod 13 can be added between them to further enhance the stability of the overall structure.

[0044] Overall, the prevention and control system can provide an innovative, economical and operable solution for the prevention and control of moraine embankment failure by rationally utilizing natural resources, simplifying structural design and efficiently distributing impact force. It can not only improve the stability of moraine embankments and reduce the risk of failure technically, but also reduce engineering costs by reducing material use and simplifying construction, and has high feasibility and environmental protection.

[0045] Alternatively, if Figure 2 As shown, the moraine bank breach prevention system 10 further includes at least one second stone 112 having a smaller particle size than the first stone 111 , and the plurality of first stones 111 are arranged in a ring to form a receiving space, and the at least one second stone 112 is placed in the receiving space.

[0046] Specifically, the moraine embankment breach prevention and control system 10 adds a second stone 112 to the design of the basic annular sheet structure to further optimize the impact resistance of the system. The particle size of the second stone 112 is smaller than that of the first stone 111. The particle size here mainly refers to the vertical particle size, that is, the thickness of the second stone 112 along the direction perpendicular to the slope of the moraine embankment is smaller than that of the first stone 111, and the number of the second stone 112 is one or more. Multiple first stones 111 are arranged in a ring to form a containing space, and the second stone 112 is placed in this containing space. Through this combination, the system can not only enhance the stability of the overall structure, but also improve the dispersion and buffering effect of the impact force of the water flow.

[0047] Compared with the larger particle size and weight of the first stone 111, the second stone 112 is filled in the accommodation space with a smaller particle size, which can effectively reduce the scouring intensity when the water flows through the annular structure. At the same time, the filling effect of the second stone 112 can further reduce the gaps in the accommodation space and form a more compact structure. In this way, the annular structure not only has a high resistance to external impact force, but also reduces the generation of local turbulence or eddy currents inside the structure due to the filled gaps, thereby reducing the risk of scouring and erosion.

[0048] By making full use of the first stones 111 and the second stones 112 of different sizes, a stable hierarchical structure can be formed. The annular frame formed by the first stones 111 is the main force to resist the impact of water flow, and its weight and arrangement can effectively block the impact force of external water flow. The second stones 112 are filled inside the frame, which can further reduce the internal turbulence caused by the change in flow rate, so that a unified anti-scour barrier is formed both inside and outside the system. This double-layer protective structure can significantly improve the anti-scour performance and avoid the risk of failure of a single structure due to uneven force.

[0049] In addition, by adding the second stone 112, the system can effectively integrate natural materials of different particle sizes, which can not only reduce the dependence on additional materials, but also make full use of the resources available near the moraine bank and reduce the cost of project implementation. At the same time, the second stone 112 with a smaller particle size is easy to obtain and transport, and its arrangement process has little impact on the environment. During the construction process, there is no need for large-scale excavation, and only filling and adjustment are required, which is conducive to protecting the natural state of the moraine bank.

[0050] In the specific construction process, the first stone 111 must first be arranged in an annular manner according to the established plan to ensure that the annular structure forms a stable and uniform accommodation space. Subsequently, the second stone 112 with a smaller particle size than the first stone 111 is filled into the accommodation space until the gap is fully occupied. According to actual needs, second stones 112 with a variety of particle sizes can be selected for mixed filling to ensure internal density and overall uniformity. Since the particle size of the second stone 112 is small, the filling process can be carried out by combining mechanical and manual methods, which is convenient for flexible implementation under different terrain conditions.

[0051] In summary, the moraine embankment breach prevention system 10 can achieve dual internal and external anti-scour functions by filling the first stones 111 arranged in a ring with second stones 112 of smaller particle size. This design can not only improve the impact resistance of the structure, but also optimize the system's ability to resist water erosion. At the same time, the system fully considers resource utilization and construction convenience, which can not only reduce material and construction costs, but also minimize interference with the ecological environment, showing high practicality and economic benefits.

[0052] Alternatively, if Figure 2 As shown, a flexible protection net 14 is provided on the top cover of the accommodating space, and the periphery of the flexible protection net 14 is connected to a plurality of first anchor rods 12 .

[0053] Specifically, a flexible protective net 14 is provided on the top cover of the accommodation space to further enhance the integrity and protection performance of the system. The flexible protective net 14 is connected to the plurality of first anchor rods 12 through its periphery to form a covering structure with uniform tension. The flexible characteristics of the flexible protective net 14 enable it to fit the irregular surface of the first stone 111 and / or the second stone 112 to achieve an all-round protection effect without being restricted by the slope or angle, further consolidating the integrity between the stones. Through the restraining effect of the flexible protective net 14, it is possible to prevent the stones from being displaced or falling off due to local force, thereby preventing the damage to the accommodation space structure.

[0054] The flexible protective net 14 can be made of high-strength metal materials, such as galvanized steel wire mesh or stainless steel mesh, which has high tensile strength, corrosion resistance and long service life. This material can effectively resist the erosion of harsh external environments, such as the strong impact of glacial water flow, low temperature in high-cold areas, and oxidation under long-term exposure conditions. At the same time, the mesh design of the flexible protective net 14 can be optimized and adjusted according to the particle size of the first stone 111 and the second stone 112 to ensure that the water permeability of the structure is maintained while providing protection, and to avoid water accumulation due to too dense mesh, resulting in structural instability.

[0055] During the construction process, the laying of the flexible protection net 14 should match the size and shape of the accommodation space. After the second stone 112 is filled into the accommodation space, the flexible protection net 14 is cut according to the actual shape of the slope to cover the surface of the stone. The periphery of the flexible protection net 14 is fixed on the first anchor rod 12, and the tension of the net body is adjusted to ensure that it fits tightly with the surface of the stone.

[0056] In general, by adding a flexible protective net 14 on the top of the accommodation space, the moraine embankment breach prevention system 10 can achieve a multi-level rigid and flexible protective structure. The flexible protective net 14 and the annular sheet structure composed of the first stone 111 and the second stone 112 below complement each other, which can not only play the supporting and impact-resistant role of the rigid material, but also use the adaptability and dispersion force of the flexible net to effectively alleviate the external impact force, so that the system can achieve a balance and improvement in stability, adaptability and impact resistance.

[0057] Alternatively, if Figure 2 As shown, the moraine embankment breach prevention system 10 also includes a plurality of support ropes 15, which are respectively passed through at least part of the meshes at different side edges of the flexible protection net 14, and the two ends of each support rope 15 are respectively connected to two adjacent first anchor rods 12 along the circular arrangement direction.

[0058] Specifically, a plurality of support ropes 15 are further added to the moraine embankment breach prevention system 10 to enhance the stability and fixing effect of the flexible protection net 14. Each support rope 15 is respectively passed through at least part of the meshes at different side edges of the flexible protection net 14, and is respectively connected to two first anchor rods 12 adjacent to each other in the annular arrangement direction through its two ends to form an effective boundary constraint system. Preferably, each support rope 15 is respectively passed through all the meshes at different side edges of the flexible protection net 14. This design can ensure that the flexible protection net 14 can maintain a stable position under various external forces, effectively improving the overall performance of the prevention system.

[0059] Among them, the support rope 15 can be made of high-strength steel wire rope material, which has excellent tensile strength and durability. In the actual construction process, the support rope 15 needs to be tightened with the help of tensioning equipment to ensure that it has sufficient prestress. The tensioned steel wire rope forms a uniform tension distribution on the surface of the flexible protection net 14, which can not only further fix the periphery of the flexible protection net 14, but also improve the impact resistance of the entire prevention and control system, and prevent the flexible net from loosening or shifting under the action of external force.

[0060] Optionally, the moraine levee breach prevention system 10 further includes a suture rope, and at least part of the meshes on one side edge of the flexible protection net 14 are sutured to the corresponding support rope 15 via the suture rope.

[0061] Specifically, the support rope 15 is first inserted into part or all of the mesh holes on one side edge of the flexible protective net 14 to ensure that the support rope 15 passes through the edge mesh holes. Then, the mesh holes and the support rope 15 are sewed one by one using a suture rope to tightly combine the edge of the flexible protective net 14 with the support rope 15. Through this suture connection method, a composite connection structure that is both stable and flexible can be formed between the flexible protective net 14 and the support rope 15. The fixing effect of the suture rope can not only prevent the flexible protective net 14 from sliding and dislocating under the impact of water flow, but also evenly distribute the tension on the flexible protective net 14, thereby avoiding the tearing or deformation of the protective net caused by excessive local stress concentration. Among them, the suture rope is usually made of high-strength, wear-resistant, and excellent tensile resistance materials to adapt to the complex natural environmental conditions of the moraine embankment.

[0062] Alternatively, if Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the moraine embankment breach prevention system 10 also includes a hollow connecting member 17. An anchor plate 121 is provided at the end of the first anchor rod 12 away from the first stone 111. The connecting member 17 is fixedly sleeved outside the first anchor rod 12 and abuts against the anchor plate 121. The connecting rod 13 is rotatably connected to the connecting member 17.

[0063] Specifically, a threaded inner wall is provided in the connector 17 or a nut is welded in the connector 17, so that the connector 17 is threadedly connected to the first anchor rod 12 and abuts against the anchor pad 121 to form a stable support structure. The connector 17 is usually in the form of a vertical steel pipe, and its material has high strength and durability, and can be used for a long time in a complex environment. The connecting rod 13 and the connecting rod 17 can be rotatably connected through a conventional scaffolding fastener 18. This design allows the connecting rod 13 to flexibly adjust the angle within a certain range to adapt to the annular arrangement direction of the first stone 111 and the slope change, thereby improving the installation flexibility and adaptability of the system.

[0064] Through the coordinated design of the hollow connector 17 and the anchor pad 121, a multi-level stable connection structure can be formed between the components of the system. The first anchor rod 12 can provide the main vertical support, while the connector 17 can achieve multi-directional connection in the horizontal and vertical directions, ensuring that the system can maintain integrity when subjected to water flow impact. After the support rope 15 is firmly fixed by the anchor pad 121, it forms a mutually supporting network system with the flexible protective net 14 and the connecting rod 13, thereby effectively improving the anti-scouring performance and structural stability.

[0065] Optionally, a plurality of first through holes are opened on the periphery of the anchor plate 121, and the ends of the support rope 15 are passed through the first through holes.

[0066] Specifically, a plurality of first through holes are provided on the periphery of the anchor pad 121 for fixing the end of the support rope 15. During construction, the end of the support rope 15 is penetrated with the first through hole, and the folded part is fixed with the rope clamp 151 to ensure that the support rope 15 can be firmly connected to the anchor pad 121. This structure can not only improve the connection reliability of the support rope 15, but also avoid protection failure caused by looseness or slippage.

[0067] Alternatively, if Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the moraine embankment breach prevention system 10 also includes a second anchor rod 16, at one end of which a pressure plate 161 is provided, and the end of the second anchor rod 16 away from the pressure plate 161 passes through the flexible protection net 14 and is inserted into the second stone 112 in a direction perpendicular to the slope of the moraine embankment, and the flexible protection net 14 is clamped between the pressure plate 161 and the second stone 112.

[0068] Specifically, as a naturally accumulated loose material, the second stone 112 has a certain quality and stability, and can provide a reliable embedding foundation for the second anchor rod 16. The end of the second anchor rod 16 away from the pressure plate 161 is inserted into the second stone 112 in a direction perpendicular to the slope of the moraine embankment, and the second anchor rod 16 can also use corrosion-resistant threaded steel bars, and tighten the nuts at its ends so that the pressure plate 161 is close to the surface of the flexible protective net 14, ensuring that the flexible protective net 14 will not be locally deformed or damaged when subjected to force. The pressure plate 161 should be designed as a flat structure with a moderate area, so that it can effectively disperse the tension from the flexible protective net 14 and the external impact force. This clamping fixing method can transmit the force of the flexible protective net 14 to the second anchor rod 16 and the second stone 112 to which it is connected, prevent the damage of the flexible protective net 14, and form a multi-point support anti-scour system.

[0069] In the specific implementation process, the installation of the second anchor rod 16 needs to be reasonably arranged according to the tension distribution of the flexible protective net 14. The size of the pressure plate 161 should match the mesh structure of the flexible protective net 14 to ensure that the clamping effect is uniform and reliable. The insertion depth and direction of the second anchor rod 16 need to be adjusted according to the particle size and distribution of the second stone 112 to ensure its fixing strength and stability. In addition, the contact surface between the flexible protective net 14 and the pressure plate 161 can adopt an anti-slip design, such as adding a rubber cushion layer or a rough surface, to improve the anti-slip ability of the protective net.

[0070] Alternatively, if Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the moraine bank breach prevention system 10 further includes a third stone 113 having a smaller particle size than the second stone 112 , and the third stone 113 is used to fill the gap between the first stone 111 and the second stone 112 .

[0071] Specifically, the particle size of the third stone 113 is smaller than that of the second stone 112, mainly referring to the vertical particle size, that is, the thickness of the third stone 113 in the direction perpendicular to the slope of the moraine embankment is smaller. This design can ensure that the third stone 113 can fully fill the small gap between the first stone 111 and the second stone 112, while avoiding the situation of uneven filling or loose filling due to excessive particle size. By filling with fine particles, the third stone 113 can effectively reduce the penetration speed of water flow in the gap and reduce the destructive force caused by water flow scouring.

[0072] It should be noted that the mesh size of the flexible protection net 14 should be designed to be smaller than the particle size of the third stone 113. This design can ensure that the third stone 113 can be firmly covered by the flexible protection net 14 after filling, and will not fall off from the system due to water flow or slope vibration. The optimization of the mesh size of the flexible protection net 14 can not only enhance the support capacity of the third stone 113, but also form a multi-level, multi-particle size protection structure by constraining the movement of the stone, thereby achieving a rigid and flexible protection effect.

[0073] In specific implementation, the third stone 113 should be selected according to the actual gap size and water flow conditions of the moraine embankment slope, ensuring that its particle size is small enough to fill small gaps, but large enough to resist water flow impact. In addition, after the third stone 113 is filled, the flexible protection net 14 needs to be carefully covered and tensioned to ensure that all stone layers form a stable overall structure. The connection between the flexible protection net 14 and the support system should also be kept tight to avoid local looseness causing stone leakage or system failure.

[0074] Optionally, the vertical particle size of the first stone 111 is greater than 1m, so that it has a large mass and volume and can play a basic supporting role. Its large particle size characteristics can not only significantly improve the impact resistance, but also form a high static friction force on the slope through its own weight, thereby effectively preventing the first stone 111 from displacement or rolling.

[0075] Secondly, the vertical particle size of the second stone 112 is between 0.5m and 1m. The second stone 112 in this size range can provide higher density and impact resistance while forming a superposition effect with the first stone 111. In addition, the relatively small particle size can adapt to more complex slope shapes and play a role in connection and filling in the overall structure. In addition, since the lower limit of the particle size of the second stone 112 is 0.5 meters and the upper limit is 1 meter, its mass is sufficient to withstand a certain degree of water erosion, and at the same time can effectively disperse the impact force of the water flow and reduce the concentrated force on a single first stone 111.

[0076] In addition, the vertical particle size of the third stone 113 is less than 0.5m, and its main function is to further fill the smaller gap between the first stone 111 and the second stone 112. These small-size stones effectively prevent water penetration and erosion by increasing the density of the overall structure, and enhance the anti-scouring ability of the system. At the same time, the small size of the third stone 113 enables it to adapt to more subtle slope unevenness and fit closely with the flexible protective net 14 to avoid the formation of concentrated scouring points of water flow in local areas.

[0077] In summary, by reasonably dividing the vertical particle size ranges of the first stone 111, the second stone 112 and the third stone 113, and combining the functional positioning of stones of different particle sizes, the structural optimization of the moraine dike breach prevention system 10 can be achieved, the overall stability of the system can be improved, and its excellent performance in anti-scouring, anti-impact and anti-penetration can be ensured.

[0078] Another aspect of the present application is to provide a moraine levee breach prevention test device for testing any of the moraine levee breach prevention systems 10 described above. Figure 7 As shown, it includes a water trough 21, a slide plate 22 placed in the water trough 21, an ice avalanche test object 23 placed on the slide plate 22, and a moraine dike test object 24 placed in the water trough 21. The moraine dike breach prevention system 10 is placed on the moraine dike test object 24, and the ice avalanche test object 23 is driven to slide along the slide plate 22 to the water trough 21 to drive the liquid in the water trough 21 to impact the moraine dike test object 24 and the moraine dike breach prevention system 10.

[0079] Specifically, the core of the test device is an indoor water tank 21 with a width of 0.2 meters, a length of 8 meters, and a height of 0.5 meters. A trapezoidal moraine dike test object 24 is arranged inside it to simulate the moraine dike morphology in nature. A water reservoir 25 and a triangular weir 26 are arranged at the upstream end of the water tank 21 to accurately control the flow and velocity parameters of the water flow, so as to realize the impact test under different surge conditions. A waste pool 27 is provided at the downstream end of the water tank 21 to collect liquids and materials after the start-up of the moraine dike breach prevention system 10, so as to realize multiple recycling of materials and ensure the economy and sustainability of the test. In order to simulate ice avalanche conditions of different intensities, the test uses a combination of ice blocks of various sizes, different sliding distances, and different heights to generate a series of surges to impact the moraine dike test object 24 and the moraine dike breach prevention system 10, so as to test the performance of the prevention system under extreme conditions.

[0080] In order to evaluate the influence of the particle size of the first stone 111 of the prevention and control system on the impact resistance, the test selected multiple groups of first stones 111 with vertical particle sizes of 30-40mm, 40-50mm, 50-60mm, 60-70mm, and 70-80mm. The multiple first stones 111 in each group were naturally stacked to form a comparative prevention and control system, which was placed on the moraine embankment test object 24 and tested for its impact resistance under the action of surge waves. The test used the moment when the first stone 111 started as the test termination condition. Each group of tests was repeated 10 times, with a total of 50 groups of experiments to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the results. The test data showed that the first stones 111 with larger particle sizes have higher impact resistance, but too large a particle size may lead to a decrease in stacking density, which needs to be considered comprehensively.

[0081] Based on the preliminary test, five different combinations of particle sizes of moraine embankment breach prevention systems 10 can be further tested. Each system is constructed by arranging multiple first stones 111 in a ring and combining the "rigidity and flexibility" design method to build an overall structure. In addition, the impact resistance of the moraine embankment breach prevention system 10 with different numbers of first stones 111 can also be tested. Figure 8(a) to Figure 8(d)The moraine embankment breach prevention system 10 can be designed in four layout forms: one row and two columns (2 first stones 111, 1 connecting rod 13), two rows and two columns (4 first stones 111, 4 connecting rods 13), three rows and three columns (8 first stones 111, 8 connecting rods 13), and free-fall (5 first stones 111, 5 connecting rods 13). At the same time, according to the placement of the moraine embankment breach prevention system 10, the test is further divided into three layout scenarios: upstream, midstream, and downstream. Each group of tests combines a particle size, a protection method, and a placement position, and uses a method of gradually increasing the surge scale to record the maximum impact resistance of the system before destruction. The starting flow velocity data of the first stone 111 is accurately collected by the flow meter 28 and the video recorder 29. Each group of tests is repeated 5 times, with a total of 300 groups of test data.

[0082] The test results show that different layout forms have a significant impact on the system's impact resistance. Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, compared with the protective effect of free-stacked stones, the one-row two-column type can only provide limited improvement in surge resistance and is suitable for smaller-scale impact conditions; the two-row two-column type significantly improves the system's impact resistance and is suitable for medium-intensity surge environments; the three-row three-column type and the free-falling type perform best in terms of surge resistance and anti-slip performance after the first stone 111 is started, especially under high-intensity surge conditions, which can significantly reduce the risk of moraine levee failure. In addition, the effects of different particle size combinations and placement positions on system performance are also clarified. Stones with larger particle sizes perform better in downstream locations, while medium-sized stone sizes are more suitable for midstream and upstream layouts.

[0083] Optionally, a waterproof layer is laid between the moraine bank breach prevention system 10 and the moraine bank test object 24 .

[0084] Specifically, a waterproof layer is provided between the moraine levee breach prevention system 10 and the moraine levee test object 24, in order to improve the overall density and anti-seepage performance of the moraine levee test object 24, and simulate the actual structural characteristics of the moraine levee in nature. The waterproof layer can be made of fine particles of 5 mm or less with wide gradation, supplemented with a small amount of clay particles, which can effectively fill the pores inside the moraine levee test object 24, forming a uniform and dense barrier to prevent water from penetrating and ensure the reliability of the test results.

[0085] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A moraine embankment breach prevention and control system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of first stones (111) and a plurality of first anchor rods (12) placed on the slope of a moraine embankment. The plurality of first anchor rods (12) are respectively inserted into different first stones (111) in a direction perpendicular to the slope of the moraine embankment. The plurality of first stones (111) are arranged in a ring shape. Two adjacent first anchor rods (12) in the direction of the ring arrangement are connected via a connecting rod (13).

2. The moraine bank breach prevention system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moraine embankment breach prevention system (10) further comprises at least one second stone (112) having a smaller particle size than the first stone (111), a plurality of the first stones (111) are arranged in a ring shape to form a receiving space, and at least one second stone (112) is placed in the receiving space.

3. The moraine bank breach prevention system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A flexible protective net (14) is provided on the top cover of the accommodating space, and the periphery of the flexible protective net (14) is connected to a plurality of the first anchor rods (12).

4. The moraine bank breach prevention system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The moraine embankment breach prevention system (10) further comprises a plurality of support ropes (15), wherein the plurality of support ropes (15) are respectively passed through at least part of the meshes at different side edges of the flexible protection net (14), and the two ends of each of the support ropes (15) are respectively connected to two adjacent first anchor rods (12) along the annular arrangement direction.

5. The moraine bank breach prevention system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The moraine levee breach prevention system (10) further comprises a suture rope, through which at least part of the meshes on one side edge of the flexible protection net (14) are sutured to the corresponding support rope (15).

6. The moraine bank breach prevention system according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The moraine embankment breach prevention system (10) further comprises a second anchor rod (16), at one end of which a pressure plate (161) is provided, and an end of the second anchor rod (16) away from the pressure plate (161) passes through the flexible protective net (14) and is inserted into the second stone (112) in a direction perpendicular to the slope of the moraine embankment, and the flexible protective net (14) is clamped between the pressure plate (161) and the second stone (112).

7. The moraine bank breach prevention system according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: The moraine levee breach prevention system (10) further comprises a third stone (113) having a smaller particle size than the second stone (112), and the third stone (113) is used to fill the gap between the first stone (111) and the second stone (112).

8. The moraine bank breach prevention system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The moraine embankment breach prevention and control system (10) also includes a hollow connecting member (17), an anchor plate (121) is provided at the end of the first anchor rod (12) away from the first stone (111), the connecting member (17) is fixedly sleeved outside the first anchor rod (12) and abuts against the anchor plate (121), and the connecting rod (13) is rotatably connected to the connecting member (17).

9. The moraine bank breach prevention system according to claim 8, characterized in that: A plurality of first through holes are provided on the periphery of the anchor pad (121), and the ends of the support ropes (15) are passed through the first through holes.

10. A moraine embankment breach prevention and control test device, characterized in that: The moraine levee breach prevention system (10) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises a water trough (21), a slide plate (22) placed in the water trough (21), an ice avalanche test object (23) placed on the slide plate (22), and a moraine levee test object (24) placed in the water trough (21), wherein the moraine levee breach prevention system (10) is placed on the moraine levee test object (24), and the ice avalanche test object (23) is driven along the moraine levee The slide plate (22) slides to the water tank (21) to drive the liquid in the water tank (21) to impact the moraine dam test object (24) and the moraine dam breach prevention system (10).

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