Gas oxygen methane torch igniter with high energy and wide working range

Abstract

The invention relates to a gas oxygen methane torch igniter with high energy and wide working range. The gas oxygen methane torch igniter comprises a shell, a methane mouthpiece, an oxygen mouthpiece, a guide pipe and an electric spark plug interface, a combustion chamber and a gas collecting cavity are arranged in the shell, the gas collecting cavity is an annular cavity, two gas holes are formed between the combustion chamber and the gas collecting cavity, one gas hole is a straight hole, and the other gas hole is an inclined hole; the oxygen mouthpiece is communicated with the combustion chamber through an oxygen channel; the combustion chamber is connected with the conduit through an outlet; the methane mouthpiece is communicated with the gas collecting cavity; the chamber pressure joint nozzle and the electric spark plug interface are communicated with the combustion chamber; methane enters the gas collecting cavity from the methane mouthpiece and is divided into two parts in the gas collecting cavity, and one part of methane is sprayed out from the straight hole and impacts oxygen flow entering the combustion chamber from the oxygen mouthpiece to form combustible mixed gas; the other part is sprayed out from the inclined holes and flows out along the wall surface of the combustion chamber to form a cooling air film to protect the wall surface of the combustion chamber; the electric spark plug connector is aligned with the mixed gas forming position, the electric spark plug ignites combustible mixed gas after being powered on, stable flames are formed, and the flames are accelerated by the guide pipe to form supersonic airflow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid rocket engines and relates to a high-energy, wide-operating-range gas-oxygen-methane torch igniter. Background Art

[0002] The reusable full-flow staged combustion cycle liquid oxygen-methane engine is composed of multiple combustion components such as the thrust chamber, the fuel-rich gas generator and the oxygen-rich gas generator. Each combustion component uses non-self-igniting propellants such as liquid oxygen (or oxygen-rich gas) and methane (or fuel-rich gas) to organize combustion, and requires an additional igniter for ignition. Since the engine needs to be ignited multiple times and work repeatedly, and the ignition environment and propellants used by each combustion component are different, the requirements for the ignition energy, working flow, working temperature, working time, and reuse of the igniter are also different. In order to reduce the complexity of the engine system, each combustion component uses a torch igniter of the same structure for ignition, which places high demands on the igniter, that is, the igniter needs to have a wide working range and strong environmental adaptability. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem solved by the present invention is: to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, to propose a gas oxygen methane torch igniter that can work reliably over a wide range, to adapt to the ignition requirements of different combustion components, and to solve the problem of multiple starts and repeated operations of various combustion components of liquid oxygen methane engines.

[0004] The solution to the technical problem of the present invention is: a high-energy wide-operating-range gas-oxygen-methane torch igniter, the torch igniter comprising a shell, a methane nozzle, an oxygen nozzle, a conduit, and an electric spark plug interface;

[0005] A combustion chamber and a gas collecting cavity are arranged inside the shell. The gas collecting cavity is an annular cavity. Two types of air holes are arranged between the combustion chamber and the gas collecting cavity. One type of air hole is a straight hole, and the other type of air hole is an oblique hole.

[0006] The oxygen nozzle is connected to the combustion chamber through the oxygen channel, and the combustion chamber is connected to the conduit through the outlet; the methane nozzle is connected to the gas collecting chamber; the chamber crimping nozzle nozzle and the spark plug interface are connected to the combustion chamber;

[0007] Methane enters the gas collecting chamber from the methane nozzle and is divided into two parts in the gas collecting chamber. One part of methane is ejected from the straight hole and hits the oxygen flow entering the combustion chamber from the oxygen nozzle to form a combustible mixed gas; the other part is ejected from the oblique hole and flows out along the combustion chamber wall to form a cooling gas film to protect the combustion chamber wall.

[0008] The spark plug interface is aligned with the mixture formation position. After power is turned on, the spark plug ignites the combustible mixture and forms a stable flame. The flame is accelerated by the duct to form a supersonic airflow.

[0009] Preferably, the oxygen channel comprises two parts, a cylindrical cavity and an expansion channel; oxygen first enters the cylindrical cavity and then is decelerated in the expansion channel to form a uniform low-speed oxygen flow.

[0010] Preferably, the flow rate of the uniform low-speed oxygen flow generally does not exceed 50 m / s.

[0011] Preferably, the opening angle of the expansion channel does not exceed 40°.

[0012] Preferably, the catheter is a dilatable catheter.

[0013] Preferably, there are two straight holes.

[0014] Preferably, there are two spark plug interfaces.

[0015] Preferably, the gas collecting chamber is closed by an annular cover plate, and the methane nozzle is installed on the cover plate and communicated with the gas collecting chamber.

[0016] Preferably, the above-mentioned high-energy wide-operating-range gas-oxygen-methane torch igniter further comprises a chamber pressure-connecting nozzle, which is used to connect to a pressure sensor to measure the pressure in the combustion chamber.

[0017] Preferably, the above-mentioned high-energy and wide-operating-range gas oxygen-methane torch igniter is applied to the thrust chamber and gas generator of the reusable liquid oxygen-methane rocket engine.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0019] (1) The present invention decelerates oxygen through two steps, namely, oxygen expansion channel and impact, and can adapt to different flow rates, different pressures and a wider mixing ratio range.

[0020] (2) The present invention ignites the high-mixed ratio oxygen and methane mixed gas after impact by arranging an electric spark plug near the impact point to form a high-temperature stable oxygen-rich flame;

[0021] (3) The flame of the present invention is accelerated by the expansion outlet duct to form a supersonic airflow, which increases the airflow penetration depth and the contact area between the high-temperature combustion gas and the propellant in the downstream combustion assembly, which is conducive to igniting propellants in different states.

[0022] (4) The present invention can adapt to the ignition requirements of different combustion components, thus solving the problem of multiple starts and repeated operations of the combustion components of the liquid oxygen-methane engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a high-energy, wide-operating-range gas-oxygen-methane torch igniter according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA section view; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0026] The present invention aims at the technical problems caused by the requirements of multiple ignitions and wide range of stable operation of the igniter, and provides a high-energy, wide-operating-range gas-oxygen-methane torch igniter. The high-energy, wide-operating-range gas-oxygen-methane torch igniter does not allow a large accumulation of methane to avoid explosion, and the engine ignites quickly to avoid a high ignition pressure peak. The torch igniter is required to have a wide operating range, multiple reuses, and extremely high ignition reliability.

[0027] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the gas oxygen methane torch igniter provided by the present invention comprises a housing, a methane nozzle 6, an oxygen nozzle 5, a conduit 3, an electric spark plug interface 8, and a chamber crimp nozzle 7;

[0028] A combustion chamber and a gas collecting cavity are arranged inside the shell. The gas collecting cavity is an annular cavity. Two types of air holes are arranged between the combustion chamber and the gas collecting cavity. One type of air hole is a straight hole, and the other type of air hole is an oblique hole.

[0029] The oxygen nozzle is connected to the combustion chamber through the oxygen channel, and the combustion chamber is connected to the conduit through the outlet; the methane nozzle is connected to the gas collecting chamber; the chamber crimping nozzle and the spark plug interface are connected to the combustion chamber;

[0030] Methane enters the gas collecting chamber from the methane nozzle 6 and is divided into two parts in the gas collecting chamber. One part of methane is ejected from the straight hole and hits the oxygen flow entering the combustion chamber from the oxygen nozzle to form a combustible mixed gas; the other part is ejected from the oblique hole and flows out along the combustion chamber wall to form a cooling gas film to protect the combustion chamber wall.

[0031] The spark plug interface is aligned with the mixture formation position. After power is turned on, the spark plug ignites the combustible mixture and forms a stable flame. The flame is accelerated by the duct to form a supersonic airflow.

[0032] The oxygen channel includes a cylindrical cavity and an expansion channel. The oxygen first enters the cylindrical cavity and then decelerates through the expansion channel to form a uniform low-speed oxygen flow. The flow rate of the uniform low-speed oxygen flow does not exceed 50 m / s.

[0033] The opening angle of the expansion channel does not exceed 40°.

[0034] The catheter is a dilatable catheter.

[0035] There are two spark plug interfaces. In actual work, the igniter can be used for single spark plug ignition, and two are provided for backup.

[0036] The gas collecting chamber is closed by an annular cover plate, and a methane nozzle is installed on the cover plate 4 and communicated with the gas collecting chamber.

[0037] The chamber crimping nozzle is used to connect the pressure sensor to measure the pressure in the combustion chamber.

[0038] There are two straight holes, which are arranged symmetrically. There are multiple oblique holes. The central axis of the oblique hole forms a certain angle with the axial symmetry plane of the igniter;

[0039] The present invention uses oxygen and a small portion of methane gas to collide, and a low-speed combustible mixed gas can be formed near the impact point. A spark plug is arranged near the impact point for ignition, and the high-mixed ratio mixed gas of oxygen and methane gas after impact mixing is ignited to form a high-temperature stable oxygen-rich flame. The impact deceleration scheme can adapt to different flow rates, different pressures and a wider range of mixing ratios. The combustible mixed gas is ignited by a spark plug arranged near the impact point to form a stable flame in the center of the combustion chamber. Most of the methane hits the wall and flows downstream along the wall. On the one hand, it forms a cooling gas film for cooling the wall, and on the other hand, it is gradually mixed with the central gas. The swirling methane in the throat part is gradually mixed and burned with the mainstream high-temperature oxygen-rich flame, increasing the ignition energy, and finally forming a uniform high-temperature and high-speed gas jet for ignition of different combustion components.

[0040] Oxygen enters the cylindrical cavity from the oxygen inlet, and forms a uniform low-speed oxygen flow after being decelerated by the outlet expansion channel. Methane enters the gas collecting cavity from the methane inlet, and is divided into two parts in the gas collecting cavity. A small amount (for example, about 6%) of methane is ejected from the two small holes shown, hits the oxygen flow, and forms a combustible mixed gas. The spark plug is set at the front section gas mixture forming position. After power is turned on, the spark plug ignites the combustible mixed gas and forms a stable flame. The flame is accelerated by the expansion outlet duct to form a supersonic gas flow, increase the gas flow penetration depth, increase the contact area between the high-temperature gas and the propellant in the downstream combustion component, and is conducive to igniting the propellant in different states. The remaining large amount of methane is ejected from the oblique hole and hits the wall to form a cooling gas to protect the igniter front section 1, the igniter rear section 2 and the inner wall of the duct 3. Since methane and oxygen collide near the spark plug to form a low-speed combustible mixed gas that is easy to ignite, it can adapt to different flow rates, different pressures and a wider range of mixing ratios.

[0041] The present invention provides a wide range of reliable working gas oxygen methane torch igniter, which adopts a technical solution of a small amount of methane and all oxygen to organize combustion, electric spark plug ignition, and a large amount of methane jet cooling, and has a wide range of reliable working ability and strong environmental adaptability. The present invention is mainly used for reusable liquid oxygen methane rocket engine thrust chamber and gas generator. Due to the combination of liquid oxygen and methane, methane is not allowed to have a large accumulation to avoid explosion, and the engine ignition is fast to avoid high ignition pressure peak. The torch igniter is required to have a wide working range, multiple reuses, and extremely high ignition reliability.

[0042] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in the form of a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art may make possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high energy wide working range gas oxygen methane torch igniter, characterized in that It includes a shell, a methane nozzle, an oxygen nozzle, a guide tube, and a spark plug interface; A combustion chamber and a gas collecting cavity are arranged inside the shell. The gas collecting cavity is an annular cavity. Two types of air holes are arranged between the combustion chamber and the gas collecting cavity. One type of air hole is a straight hole, and the other type of air hole is an oblique hole. The oxygen nozzle is connected to the combustion chamber through the oxygen channel, and the combustion chamber is connected to the conduit through the outlet; the methane nozzle is connected to the gas collecting chamber; the chamber crimping nozzle and the spark plug interface are connected to the combustion chamber; Methane enters the gas collecting chamber from the methane nozzle and is divided into two parts in the gas collecting chamber. One part of methane is ejected from the straight hole and hits the oxygen flow entering the combustion chamber from the oxygen nozzle to form a combustible mixed gas; the other part is ejected from the oblique hole and flows out along the combustion chamber wall to form a cooling gas film to protect the combustion chamber wall. The spark plug interface is aligned with the mixture formation position. After power is turned on, the spark plug ignites the combustible mixture and forms a stable flame. The flame is accelerated by the duct to form a supersonic airflow.

2. A high energy wide working range gas oxygen methane torch igniter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxygen channel comprises two parts, a cylindrical cavity and an expansion channel; oxygen first enters the cylindrical cavity and then is decelerated through the expansion channel to form a uniform low-speed oxygen flow.

3. A high energy wide working range gas oxygen methane torch igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flow rate of the uniform low-speed oxygen flow generally does not exceed 50 m / s.

4. A high energy wide working range gas oxygen methane torch igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The opening angle of the expansion channel does not exceed 40°.

5. A high energy wide working range gas oxygen methane torch igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The catheter is a dilatable catheter.

6. A high energy wide working range gas oxygen methane torch igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are two straight holes.

7. A high energy wide working range gas oxygen methane torch igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are two spark plug interfaces.

8. A high energy, wide working range gas oxygen methane torch igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gas collecting chamber is closed by an annular cover plate, and a methane nozzle is installed on the cover plate and communicated with the gas collecting chamber.

9. A high energy wide working range gas oxygen methane torch igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a chamber press fitting nozzle, which is used to connect to a pressure sensor to measure the pressure in the combustion chamber.

10. The high energy and wide working range gas oxygen methane torch igniter according to claim 1, characterized in that: Applicable to reusable liquid oxygen-methane rocket engine thrust chamber and gas generator.

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