Method for manufacturing high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum alloy through electric arc additive

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum alloy through electric arc additive manufacturing. The method comprises the steps that aluminum alloy wires and high-entropy alloy powder are fed into a molten pool area; the molten pool area is heated through a welding gun, so that the aluminum alloy wire and the high-entropy alloy powder are molten at the same time; according to the method, the aluminum alloy wire and the high-entropy alloy powder are added into the molten pool area at the same time and melted and solidified at the same time to form the evenly-distributed alloy, so that the pore size in the alloy component is reduced, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of arc additive manufacturing, and in particular relates to a method for arc additive manufacturing of high entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum alloy. Background Art

[0002] Arc additive manufacturing is a manufacturing technology based on the principle of layer-by-layer deposition. It melts the wire and controls its deposition on the building platform to build the required three-dimensional structure layer by layer. This technology has been applied in many industrial fields due to its high efficiency and low cost.

[0003] In traditional arc additive manufacturing, a single metal wire is usually used as the raw material, but the single structure often limits the performance of the product. In the existing additive manufacturing method, after each layer of alloy is deposited, an alcohol solution with other alloy particles is brushed on the surface of the deposited layer to introduce a reinforcement phase. However, in this method, the bonding between the metal particles and the aluminum alloy matrix is ​​not strong enough, and the brushing process may cause uneven distribution of particles, resulting in more defects in the additively manufactured components. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for arc additive manufacturing of high entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum alloy, adding high entropy alloy powder into the aluminum alloy matrix, so as to improve the mechanical properties of the alloy.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for arc additive manufacturing of high entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum alloy, comprising the following steps:

[0006] The aluminum alloy wire and the high entropy alloy powder are synchronously and coaxially fed into the molten pool area;

[0007] The molten pool area is heated by an electric arc to melt the aluminum alloy wire and the high entropy alloy powder at the same time.

[0008] Furthermore, the aluminum alloy wire includes Al-Cu wire, Al-Si wire, Al-Mg wire, Al-Mg-Sc wire and Al-Zn wire.

[0009] Furthermore, the high entropy alloy powder includes one of a ternary high entropy alloy powder, a quaternary high entropy alloy powder and a quinary high entropy alloy powder.

[0010] Furthermore, the particle size of the high entropy alloy powder is 20 to 100 μm.

[0011] Furthermore, the volume proportion of high entropy alloy powder in the prepared component is 2% to 6%.

[0012] Furthermore, the process parameters of arc additive manufacturing are:

[0013] The wire feeding speed of aluminum alloy wire is 2-6m / min;

[0014] Voltage 16~25V;

[0015] Scanning speed 200~600mm / min;

[0016] Argon gas flow rate is 15~20L / min.

[0017] Another technical solution of the present invention: an arc additively manufactured aluminum alloy reinforced with high entropy alloy particles, which is manufactured by the above-mentioned method of arc additively manufacturing aluminum alloy reinforced with high entropy alloy particles.

[0018] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention adds aluminum alloy wire and high entropy alloy powder to the molten pool area at the same time, and melts and solidifies the two at the same time to form a more evenly distributed alloy, thereby reducing the porosity in the alloy component and improving the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a metal sample without adding high entropy alloy powder in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of pore detection results of a metal sample without adding high entropy alloy powder in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the method for measuring pores in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is an optical microscope (OM) image of a metal sample to which high entropy alloy powder is added in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a morphology image of a metal sample to which high entropy alloy powder is added under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the test sample cutout in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of comparison results of tensile tests in embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] In the existing technology, it is difficult to accurately control the alloy composition in the arc additive manufacturing process (because it mainly relies on commercial alloy wires available on the market), as well as problems such as uneven microstructure distribution. These problems together lead to relatively low mechanical properties of the manufactured alloy materials.

[0028] The invention discloses a method for arc additive manufacturing of high entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum alloy, comprising the following steps: feeding aluminum alloy wire and high entropy alloy powder into a molten pool area; heating the molten pool area by an electric arc to melt the aluminum alloy wire and the high entropy alloy powder at the same time.

[0029] The present invention adds aluminum alloy wire and high entropy alloy powder into a molten pool area at the same time, and melts and solidifies the two at the same time to form a more evenly distributed alloy, thereby reducing the size of pores in the alloy component and improving the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy.

[0030] Specifically, the aluminum alloy wire includes Al-Cu wire, Al-Si wire, Al-Mg wire, Al-Mg-Sc wire and Al-Zn wire.

[0031] The high entropy alloy powder includes at least one of ternary high entropy alloy powder, quaternary high entropy alloy powder and quinary high entropy alloy powder. The particle size of the high entropy alloy powder is 20 to 100 μm.

[0032] Specifically, the ternary / quaternary / quinary high entropy alloy powders include AlCoFeCr, FeCrAl, CoCrNi, FeCrNi, NiMoAl, FeCoCrNi, AlCoFeCr, NiCrAlTi, AlCoFeNi 2.1 、NiCrCoMo 2 、NiCrCoMo 3 、Ni 3.5 Co 3 Cr 1.5 , Fe 45 Mn 35 Co 10 Cr 10 , Fe 50 Mn 30 Co 10 Cr 10 , NiCrAlTi, NiMoAl, AlCoFeNi 2.1 、Al 65 Cu 20 Fe 10 Cr 5 、Al 15 Cu 28.5 Fe 28.3 Mn 28.3 , Fe 28 Ni35 Cr 28 To the 9 、FeCoNiCrAl 0.1 、FeCoNiCrAl 0.5 、FeCoNiCrAl 0.6 、FeCoNiCuAl、FeCoNiCrAl、AlCrFeNiCu、FeCoCrNiAl 2 、FeCoCrNiAl 3 、FeCuNiTiAl、AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 、FeMnNiCrAl 0.5 、FeMoNiCrAl、FeCoNi 2.1 MoAl、FeMnAlCrTi、(FeCoNi) 86 To the 7 You 7 、(CoCrNi) 82 To the 9 You 9 、(CoCrNi) 94 To the 3 You 3 、Who 35 Cr 35 Faith 20 To the 5 No 5 、FeCoNiCrMo 0.2 、FeCoNiCrMo 0.5 、FeCoNiCrCu、FeCrMoMnV 3 、FeCoNiCrTi、FeMnCoCrC、FeCoNiCrTi 0.8 、FeMoNiCrA1、FeMnNiCrA1 0.5 、No 10 Cr 6 WFe 9 Ti、FeMnAlCrTi、Fe 34 What 34 Cr 20 No 6 Mn 6 、Fe 45 Mn 27 Cr 9 What 9 Yes 10 、Who 9 Cr 7 Who 36 Mn 25 No 23 、Who 50 Cr25 Fe 10 Ni 10 Mo 5 、Co 35 Cr 35 Fe 20 A1 5 Ni 5 .

[0033] In the present invention, the volume proportion of high entropy alloy powder in the prepared component is 2% to 6%.

[0034] The process parameters of arc additive manufacturing are: welding current type: AC (direct current); AC power frequency: 50Hz; current intensity: the current of the 1st to 6th layers of the component from the beginning to the end is 150-250A, and the current of the remaining layers is 150A; voltage 16-25V; arc length 2-6mm, preferably 4mm; wire feeding speed of aluminum alloy wire is 2-6m / min, preferably 4m / min; scanning speed 200-600mm / min, preferably 350mm / min; argon gas flow rate 15-20L / min.

[0035] The present invention adopts an arc-fused wire additive manufacturing method, which coaxially feeds high-entropy alloy particle powder and aluminum alloy wire into the molten pool to achieve simultaneous melting and solidification of the two to form a more evenly distributed alloy. This method can significantly improve the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys and provide a solution for high-performance materials required in related industrial fields.

[0036] In the preparation phase:

[0037] 1.1. Equipment inspection: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the arc additive manufacturing equipment, including welding power supply, welding gun, robotic arm, powder feeding funnel, workbench and argon cylinder, etc., and adjust the relevant parameters to ensure that all equipment is in normal working condition.

[0038] 1.2. Argon gas cylinder connection: Connect the argon gas cylinder to the gas control valve on the welding equipment and ensure that the connection is firm and airtight.

[0039] 1.3. Powder feeder fixing: Use an adaptive powder feed bracket to fix the powder feed funnel next to the nozzle to ensure that its position is stable and the distance from the arc flame is appropriate.

[0040] During the manufacturing phase:

[0041] 2.1. Start powder feeding: Add the configured high entropy alloy powder into the powder feeding funnel, ensure that the powder flows down smoothly and enters the molten pool area near the nozzle before proceeding to the next step.

[0042] 2.2. Arc heating: Adjust the position of the welding gun so that the arc is vertically suspended above the predetermined starting point of the aluminum alloy component. Arc heating causes the wire and powder particles to melt simultaneously.

[0043] 2.3. Coaxial additive manufacturing: Control the robotic arm to move the welding gun along a preset path to ensure that the powder feeder falls evenly at the same time.

[0044] At the end stage (i.e. after the required additive manufacturing parts are completed):

[0045] 3.1. Stop the powder feeder: After the residual temperature drops, remove the powder feeding funnel and dispose of the remaining powder.

[0046] 3.2. Equipment shutdown: After turning off the welding power supply, shut down the entire arc additive manufacturing equipment.

[0047] 3.3. Turn off the gas pump: Turn off the argon pump and stop the protective gas supply.

[0048] 3.4. Post-processing: remove excess surface impurities and part of the tail end of the manufactured aluminum alloy composite material.

[0049] In this embodiment, aluminum alloy wire AlMgSc was used for additive manufacturing using the process parameters described in Table 1 to obtain a 40-layer component. A wire cutting machine was used to cut a sample of appropriate size, which was then sanded and polished by machine to prepare a metallographic specimen, and then etched with Keller reagent for 20 seconds for microstructure observation. The microstructure was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and then photographed and zoomed. Some of the organizational structures are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shown.

[0050] Table 1

[0051]

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, given Figure 1 The pore detection and measurement results of the samples in the figure, the horizontal axis represents the pore diameter, the vertical axis represents the pore distribution frequency, through Figure 2 It can be seen that there are more pore defects in the sample when no high entropy alloy powder is added. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the method for measuring pores is indicated, that is, pore measurement is to measure the diameter of approximately circular pores in the scanned image using the ruler given in the figure. Figure 3 It is actually an electron microscope image of the sample after adding high entropy alloy powder. The black dots in the image represent the added high entropy alloy particles. This image is only used to illustrate the pore measurement method.

[0053] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the electron microscope scanning results of the metal sample of 40 layers manufactured by adding high entropy alloy powder (AlCoCrFeNi) to the aluminum alloy wire AlMgSc using an aluminum alloy arc fuse for additive manufacturing (the process parameters are the same as Table 1) are presented. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The morphology of AlMgSc-HEAs under optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively. It can be seen that there is a good metallurgical bond between HEAs powder and α-Al matrix.

[0054] Another technical solution of the present invention: an arc additively manufactured aluminum alloy reinforced with high entropy alloy particles, which is manufactured by the above-mentioned method of arc additively manufacturing aluminum alloy reinforced with high entropy alloy particles.

[0055] In this embodiment, a tensile test was also performed on the samples prepared above, and the test samples were AlMgSc alloy without adding HEAs powder and AlMgSc alloy with adding HEAs powder.

[0056] According to Figure 6 In the manner shown, the specimens for tensile testing are cut from the prepared Al-Cu alloy samples to ensure that the shape and size of the specimens meet the national standards and test requirements. Then select the sample for clamping. The general principle of selection is to ensure that the force line of the specimen coincides with the force line of the sensor, so that the specimen is subjected to axial tension and bending is minimized. A pre-tension of no more than 5% of the specified strength or expected yield strength can be applied to obtain a straight specimen and ensure that the specimen is aligned with the chuck.

[0057] The extensometer gauge length should be no less than 10mm and should be placed in the middle of the parallel length of the specimen. The extensometer should be designed to prevent air flow interference to minimize the impact of ambient temperature changes on the extensometer.

[0058] After the above preparations are completed, a tensile test is performed, stress-strain data is recorded, and a table of results is drawn. The test results are shown in Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the tensile stress-strain curves of the prepared AlMgSc alloy and AlMgSc-HEAs alloy are shown. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS) and elongation (EL) of the AlMgSc alloy are 383.8±1.7MPa, 177.0±8.2MPa and 21.5±1.2%, respectively.

[0059] After the introduction of HEAs (i.e., AlCoCrFeNi), the values ​​of UTS, YS, and EL decreased to 296.0±34.7MPa, 192.7±27.5MPa, and 5.7±2.2%, respectively. It is not difficult to find that the addition of HEAs increases the yield strength (YS) of the AlMgSc alloy by 30%. However, the decrease in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (EL) may be attributed to the presence of pore defects.

[0060] In summary, the present invention proposes a coaxial additive manufacturing method, which can simultaneously feed wire and powder particles into the molten pool to achieve synchronous melting and solidification of the two. This method successfully improves the material combination efficiency and quality and simplifies the manufacturing process. By accurately controlling the feeding amount of wire and powder, the composition regulation of alloy elements is more convenient, which provides the possibility of customizing alloy materials with specific properties and improves the designability of materials. This method uses high entropy alloy powder to strengthen aluminum alloy, achieving a simultaneous improvement in the strength and plasticity of aluminum alloy. Thereby achieving the purpose of improving the mechanical properties of the material. In addition, the interface quality is improved by simultaneous melting and metallurgical bonding, and the performance of the overall material is improved.

[0061] The advantage of this method is that it is a fast and efficient manufacturing process, which can quickly realize the combination of wire and powder particles, significantly improve production efficiency and reduce resource consumption. This method allows users to freely adjust the proportion of wire and powder by accurately controlling the feeding amount of wire and powder, providing a higher degree of freedom for the composition control of alloy elements, allowing designers to customize alloy materials with specific properties according to needs.

Claims

1. A method for arc additive manufacturing of high entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum alloy, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: feeding aluminum alloy wire and high entropy alloy powder into the molten pool area; The molten pool area is heated by an electric arc to melt the aluminum alloy wire and the high entropy alloy powder simultaneously.

2. The method for arc additive manufacturing of high entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum alloy wires include Al-Cu wires, Al-Si wires, Al-Mg wires, Al-Mg-Sc wires and Al-Zn wires.

3. The method for arc additive manufacturing of high entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high entropy alloy powder includes one of a ternary high entropy alloy powder, a quaternary high entropy alloy powder and a quinary high entropy alloy powder.

4. The method for arc additive manufacturing of high entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum alloy according to claim 3, characterized in that: The particle size of the high entropy alloy powder is 20 to 100 μm.

5. A method for arc additive manufacturing of high entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The volume proportion of high entropy alloy powder in the prepared components is 2% to 6%.

6. The method for arc additive manufacturing of high entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The process parameters for arc additive manufacturing are: The wire feeding speed of aluminum alloy wire is 2-6m / min; Voltage 16~25V; Scanning speed 200~600mm / min; Argon gas flow rate is 15~20L / min.

7. An arc additive manufacturing method for high entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum alloy, characterized in that: The high entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum alloy is prepared by the method for arc additive manufacturing as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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