Organic potash fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic potassium fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pretreating a novel natural organic matter, a mineral potassium source and an enhanced biological active agent; uniformly mixing the pretreated novel natural organic matter with a mineral potassium source, and adding the plant-derived stimulant in the mixing process to obtain a mixed material containing the plant-derived stimulant; inoculating an enhanced bioactive agent into the mixed material containing the plant-derived stimulant, and performing composting fermentation in an aerobic environment to obtain a fermented mixed material; screening and processing the fermented mixed material to obtain organic potash fertilizer particles; and adding an environmental response type auxiliary agent to carry out coating treatment on the organic potassium fertilizer particles to form microcapsules, and drying and crushing the microcapsules to obtain the organic potassium fertilizer which is easily dissolved in water to form a liquid fertilizer. The prepared organic potash fertilizer not only can improve the nutrient content and the organic matter proportion of the fertilizer, but also can enhance the physical stability and the chemical adaptability of the fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and specifically relates to an organic potassium fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the requirements for environmental protection in agricultural production are increasing, the problems of soil acidification, compaction and environmental pollution caused by traditional chemical fertilizers have attracted widespread attention. The development of new environmentally friendly fertilizers has become the key to the sustainable development of agriculture. As a green fertilizer, organic potassium fertilizer is favored because it can improve soil structure and improve crop quality. However, the existing organic potassium fertilizers have the disadvantages of low nutrient content and slow release rate, which limits their wide application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient and environmentally friendly organic potassium fertilizer and its production process to meet the needs of modern agricultural development. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present application is to provide an organic potassium fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, aiming to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the existing organic potassium fertilizers.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] An organic potassium fertilizer comprises the following components: a novel natural organic matter, a mineral potassium source, an enhanced bioactive agent, a plant-derived stimulant and an environmentally responsive adjuvant, wherein the mass percentages of the novel natural organic matter, the mineral potassium source, the enhanced bioactive agent, the plant-derived stimulant and the environmentally responsive adjuvant are 30% to 35%, 25% to 33%, 12% to 15%, 6% to 8% and 9% to 14%, respectively.

[0006] The present application also provides a preparation method of an organic potassium fertilizer, which comprises: pretreating a novel natural organic matter, a mineral potassium source, and an enhanced bioactive agent; uniformly mixing the pretreated novel natural organic matter and the mineral potassium source according to a set ratio, and adding a plant-derived stimulant during the mixing process to obtain a mixed material containing the plant-derived stimulant; inoculating the enhanced bioactive agent into the mixed material containing the plant-derived stimulant, and composting and fermenting the mixed material under an aerobic environment to obtain a fermented mixed material; screening and processing the fermented mixed material to obtain organic potassium fertilizer particles; adding an environmentally responsive adjuvant to coat the organic potassium fertilizer particles to form microcapsules, and drying and crushing the microcapsules to obtain an organic potassium fertilizer that is easily soluble in water to form a liquid fertilizer.

[0007] Optionally, the novel natural organic matter, mineral potassium source, and enhanced bioactive agent are pretreated, including: drying, crushing, and sieving the novel natural organic matter; grinding the mineral potassium source to an appropriate particle size; and amplifying and culturing the bioactive agent.

[0008] Optionally, the screened mixed material is processed, including: refining the screened mixed material to obtain mixed material powder; granulating and drying the mixed material powder to obtain organic potassium fertilizer granules.

[0009] Optionally, during the granulation process of the mixed material powder, the moisture content is controlled at 25% and the temperature is set at 50°C.

[0010] Optionally, the novel natural organic matter comprises any one of the following combinations: marine biological waste and food industry waste, marine biological waste and urban greening pruning crushed materials, food industry waste and urban greening pruning crushed materials.

[0011] Optionally, the mineral potassium source includes: potassium-rich rock or nanoscale processed mineral potassium source.

[0012] Optionally, the enhanced bioactive agent includes any of the following: gene-edited enhanced potassium-solubilizing strains, multifunctional biomes and mycorrhizal fungi.

[0013] Optionally, the plant-derived stimulant includes any one of the following: jasmonic acid sustained-release nanoparticles, salicylic acid sustained-release nanoparticles and brassinolide sustained-release nanoparticles.

[0014] Optionally, the environmentally responsive additive includes any combination of the following: temperature-sensitive material and pH-sensitive material, photosensitive material and humidity-sensitive material, ion exchange resin and temperature-sensitive material, smart nanomaterial and magnetic nanomaterial.

[0015] The present application can bring the following beneficial effects: The present application provides an efficient organic potassium fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which not only significantly improves the nutrient content and organic matter ratio of the fertilizer, enhances physical stability and chemical adaptability, but also realizes the function of intelligently adjusting the nutrient release rate according to environmental factors (such as temperature, humidity, light intensity and soil pH) by optimizing the ingredient ratio and introducing new natural organic matter, mineral potassium source, enhanced bioactive agent, plant-derived stimulant and intelligent environmental responsive adjuvant. In addition, while improving crop yield and quality, enhancing stress resistance and disease resistance, the organic potassium fertilizer also promotes soil health maintenance, reduces environmental pollution, and provides a more accurate, efficient and environmentally friendly fertilization solution for modern agriculture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1This is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing an organic potash fertilizer provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a comparison curve of the nutrient content of the organic potash fertilizer prepared by the present application and the existing organic potash fertilizer provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a comparison curve of the environmental response characteristics of the organic potash fertilizer prepared by the present application and the existing organic potash fertilizer provided by another embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0021] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0022] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing in the full text includes three parallel schemes. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes scheme A, or scheme B, or a scheme that satisfies both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment, the present application provides an organic potassium fertilizer, which includes the following ingredients: natural organic matter, a mineral potassium source, a bioactive agent and an environmentally responsive adjuvant, wherein the mass percentages of the new natural organic matter, mineral potassium source, enhanced bioactive agent, plant-derived stimulant and environmentally responsive adjuvant are 30% to 35%, 25% to 33%, 12% to 15%, 6% to 8%, and 9% to 14%, respectively.

[0024] The proportions of the above components are determined by the present application based on a comprehensive consideration of the fertilizer effect and the interaction between the components, that is, the setting of the above proportions is the optimal result obtained through a series of experimental studies and theoretical analysis. Among them, the new natural organic matter (30% to 35%) mainly provides organic carbon sources and other trace nutrients. The organic matter within this range can significantly improve the soil structure, increase the water retention and air permeability of the soil, and provide necessary nutrients for microorganisms. At the same time, an appropriate amount of organic matter helps to maintain soil health, but too much may lead to waste of resources or affect the effects of other components. Mineral potassium sources (25% to 33%) are the main source of potassium in fertilizers. This ratio ensures that crops can obtain sufficient potassium, but it is not too high to cause other problems such as salt accumulation or competitive absorption with other ions. Enhanced bioactive agents (12% to 15%) include potassium-solubilizing strains, etc., which can help decompose potassium in a form that is difficult to be directly used by plants and convert it into a more easily absorbed state. This ratio can effectively improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, but if it is too much, it may lead to increased costs and diminishing benefits. Plant-derived stimulants (6% to 8%), as signal molecules, can promote root development, enhance stress resistance and improve nutrient absorption efficiency. This ratio can play an important role without causing unnecessary expenses due to excessive use. Environmentally responsive adjuvants (9% to 14%) are used to improve the physical properties of fertilizers (such as particle size and density), control release behavior (such as temperature-sensitive materials) or impart specific functions (such as magnetic nanomaterials). This ratio allows full use of the characteristics of environmentally responsive adjuvants to optimize fertilizer performance, including environmental response characteristics and long-term stability.

[0025] In another exemplary embodiment, the present application also provides a method for preparing an organic potash fertilizer, such as Figure 1 As shown, the preparation method specifically includes the following embodiments:

[0026] Embodiment 1:

[0027] S1: The seaweed residue is dried by supercritical fluid drying, and then the dried seaweed residue is crushed by a grinder and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to remove impurities. The fish meal is directly sieved, and the peel residue and soybean meal are also dried and crushed, and passed through a 60-mesh sieve; the potassium-rich rock is ground to a particle size of 1μm to 50μm by a ball mill; the gene-edited enhanced potassium-solubilizing strain is amplified and cultured under laboratory conditions (for example, the temperature is controlled between 25°C and 37°C, and the potassium-solubilizing strain generally prefers neutral to slightly acidic, so the pH value of the culture medium is maintained at 6-7.5).

[0028] In this step, it should be noted that the reason why the potassium-rich rock needs to be ground to a particle size of 1μm to 50μm is that within this range, the potassium-rich rock particles are small enough to provide a large surface area, thereby accelerating the potassium release process and ensuring that plants can absorb nutrients more quickly. In addition, experiments have shown that such a particle size is conducive to the gene-edited enhanced potassium-solubilizing strain to better adhere to the mineral surface, thereby promoting the effective conversion of potassium (when the particles become finer, the van der Waals force and other weak interaction forces between the particles are relatively enhanced, which helps microbial cells to firmly adhere to mineral particles by physical adsorption. This close combination promotes the direct action of microbial metabolites on the mineral surface, thereby further improving the potassium conversion efficiency; in addition, for larger particles, the diffusion distance of potassium ions from the inside to the outside is longer, which may be limited by the diffusion rate. Small particles shorten this distance and reduce the time for potassium ions to diffuse into the solution, allowing potassium-solubilizing strains to obtain the released potassium ions faster and convert them into a form that can be used by plants).

[0029] It should be noted that this step introduces a supercritical fluid drying method to dry the seaweed residue. The supercritical fluid drying method usually uses carbon dioxide (CO2) as a working medium. The critical point of CO2 is relatively easy to reach (31.1°C and 73.8bar), and it is non-toxic, non-flammable and low-cost. Specifically, the drying process of the seaweed residue is described as follows:

[0030] Step 1: Pre-treat the seaweed residue, including:

[0031] Step 1.1: crush the dried seaweed residue to reduce the particle size and increase the specific surface area of ​​the material, which is conducive to subsequent water migration and evaporation;

[0032] Step 1.2: Use mild chemical reagents (such as low-concentration alkali solution) or enzyme preparations to treat the crushed seaweed residue to destroy the cell wall structure of the seaweed residue and increase the porosity;

[0033] Step 1.3: drying the seaweed residue processed in step 1.2 in the sun or in the air to remove moisture from the seaweed residue;

[0034] Step 2: Dry the pretreated seaweed residue in stages, including:

[0035] Step 2.1: Initial quick drying;

[0036] In this step, first fill the drying chamber with supercritical CO2, and ensure that the air in the drying chamber is completely exhausted to prevent oxidation or other adverse reactions. Next, load the pretreated seaweed residue into the drying chamber; start the supercritical fluid drying equipment, and perform preliminary rapid drying according to predetermined operating conditions (the drying chamber temperature does not exceed 40°C, which is mild enough to avoid damage to heat-sensitive components while providing sufficient energy to accelerate water evaporation; the pressure is set to 10MPa~15MPa, which is sufficient to keep CO2 in a supercritical state, but not too high to increase unnecessary costs or risks; use a higher flow rate of CO2 (for example, 20kg / h~50kg / h), which helps to quickly remove moisture from the surface of the material and can achieve an ideal initial drying effect in a shorter time);

[0037] Step 2.2: Dry thoroughly;

[0038] In this step, the temperature of the drying chamber is slowly increased and gradually approaches the critical temperature of CO2 (about 31.1°C), but it still needs to be kept within a safe range. For certain types of seaweed residue, the temperature can be raised to slightly above 40°C but not more than 50°C, depending on the material properties and experimental results. The gradual increase in temperature can help break the hydrogen bond network of internal bound water, thereby more effectively removing residual moisture. In addition, as the temperature rises, the flow rate of CO2 needs to be appropriately reduced. This is because, at higher temperatures, it is easier for moisture to migrate from the inside of the material to the surface and contact CO2, so it is not necessary to carry moisture through a high flow rate as in step 2.1. In addition, a lower CO2 flow rate also helps save energy and can make the drying process more delicate and smooth. It should be noted that despite the increase in temperature, the pressure should be kept in a supercritical state (e.g., 10MPa~15MPa) to ensure that CO2 always maintains good solubility and permeability throughout the process.

[0039] During the above drying process, the water content of the seaweed residue needs to be monitored in real time. When the water content drops below the target value, the drying is considered to be completed.

[0040] This embodiment adopts a phased drying strategy, which can fully utilize the unique properties of supercritical fluids without changing the existing hardware to achieve efficient and high-quality drying effects. In the first stage, a lower temperature and a higher CO2 flow rate are used to quickly remove the surface moisture of the seaweed residue, while the second stage uses a gradual increase in temperature and an appropriate CO2 flow rate to thoroughly remove the internal residual moisture of the seaweed residue, ensuring that the final product is dried evenly and fully. This drying strategy can not only improve the drying efficiency, but also protect the active ingredients in the seaweed residue, providing a high-quality raw material basis for subsequent processing.

[0041] Compared with traditional dryers, the introduction of supercritical fluid drying can be carried out at a lower temperature, avoiding the damage caused by high temperature to heat-sensitive substances (such as enzymes, vitamins, etc.), thereby maintaining the integrity and activity of seaweed residue. In addition, supercritical fluid has a higher diffusion coefficient, which can penetrate the material faster and remove the internal moisture, thereby significantly shortening the entire drying cycle and improving the preparation efficiency of organic potassium fertilizer.

[0042] S2: mixing the seaweed residue, fish meal, fruit peel residue, soybean meal and potassium-rich rock treated in step S1, and fully stirring them in a large mixer, and adding jasmonic acid slow-release nanoparticles during the stirring process to obtain a mixed material containing jasmonic acid slow-release nanoparticles;

[0043] In this step, before mixing seaweed residue, fish meal, peel residue, soybean meal and potassium-rich rock, ensure that all ingredients are finely crushed and sieved so that they have similar particle size distribution, which can significantly reduce the mixing time and ensure that the ingredients are evenly distributed. In addition, it is necessary to properly adjust the humidity of different raw materials so that the water content of each ingredient is close, so as to avoid adhesion or separation problems caused by moisture differences. Furthermore, the present application adopts a distributed progressive mixing method to mix the above ingredients, that is, not all ingredients are put into the mixer at one time, but added in batches according to a certain order. For example, first mix two ingredients that are easy to clump or difficult to disperse (for example, add seaweed residue and fish meal first. Seaweed residue usually has high viscosity and hygroscopicity, and it is easy to form agglomerates with other dry ingredients; fish meal is rich in protein and is also easy to clump in a humid environment), and start low-speed stirring to preliminarily mix the seaweed residue and fish meal. On the basis of preliminary mixing, gradually add other ingredients (such as peel residue, soybean meal and potassium-rich rock), and after each new ingredient is added, pause stirring and take samples to check its distribution to ensure that each ingredient can be evenly dispersed. The progressive mixing method used above helps prevent excessive aggregation of certain ingredients, thereby improving the mixing efficiency of the above ingredients.

[0044] In addition, jasmonic acid is a naturally occurring plant hormone that participates in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes in plants, including root development, leaf expansion, and flowering. For organic potassium fertilizers that have been enhanced with enhanced bioactive agents such as gene-edited potassium-solubilizing strains, jasmonic acid can act as a signal molecule to promote the activity of these microorganisms, speed up their decomposition of mineral potassium sources, and further improve the effective utilization rate of potassium fertilizers. In addition, jasmonic acid can also affect the pH value of the soil, helping to maintain a microenvironment that is conducive to nutrient release and plant absorption. For example, under acidic soil conditions, jasmonic acid can work with other ingredients to accelerate the release of potassium.

[0045] It is noteworthy that the jasmonic acid slow-release nanoparticles used in the present embodiment, rather than directly using jasmonic acid, compared to jasmonic acid, the present embodiment is wrapped by nanotechnology or other slow-release carriers, so that the jasmonic acid nanoparticles can be gradually released in the soil, rather than all released at once, so as to ensure that the plant can receive an appropriate amount of jasmonic acid stimulation throughout the growth cycle, thereby maintaining the best state of its physiological function. The jasmonic acid of the traditional form is susceptible to the influence of rainwater scouring or light decomposition and is quickly lost, causing its retention time and bioavailability in the soil to be greatly reduced, and the slow-release particles can effectively slow down this loss phenomenon, maintaining a longer effective concentration. In addition, because the jasmonic acid slow-release nanoparticles are usually attached to the vicinity of the rhizosphere, they can form a higher jasmonic acid concentration around the plant roots, directly promoting root development and nutrient absorption, and will not spread to the entire soil environment to cause dilution, thereby improving the use efficiency of jasmonic acid.

[0046] S3: Prepare in advance a fully activated gene-edited enhanced potassium-solubilizing strain, and at the same time, prepare corresponding enzyme preparations (such as cellulase, protease, amylase and / or pectinase) according to the characteristics of the potassium-solubilizing strain, and mix them evenly in a certain proportion, inoculate the fully activated gene-edited enhanced potassium-solubilizing strain and the evenly mixed enzyme preparation into the mixed material containing jasmonic acid, transfer the inoculated mixed material to an aerobic composting fermentation tank, and ferment at a temperature of 30° C. and a humidity of 60% for 30 days. After the fermentation is completed, obtain the fermented mixed material;

[0047] In this step, by introducing enzyme preparations to act on organic compounds, more organic substances are effectively decomposed into soluble components, the release rate and total amount of nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) in fertilizers are increased, and crops are more easily absorbed and utilized. In addition, the raw materials after enzyme treatment contain more digestible small molecules, which provide a rich food source for the inoculated microorganisms, promote their rapid proliferation, and enhance the effect of bioactive agents. Moreover, some complex macromolecules or anti-nutritional factors may inhibit the normal metabolism of microorganisms, and enzymes can degrade these inhibitors, thereby creating a more favorable growth environment for microorganisms.

[0048] S4: using a vibrating screen to screen the fermented mixed material to remove the large particles that are not completely degraded, sending the screened mixed material to a jet mill for refinement to obtain a mixed material powder with a particle size distribution of 50 mesh to 200 mesh, using a disc granulator to granulate the mixed material powder, wherein the moisture content is controlled at 25%, the working temperature is set to 50° C. After the granulation is completed, organic potassium fertilizer particles are obtained, wherein the particle size of the organic potassium fertilizer particles needs to be controlled between 2 mm and 4 mm, and then it needs to be dried in a low-temperature drying oven to a moisture content of less than 10%;

[0049] In this step, the moisture content is controlled at 25% and the working temperature is set at 50°C. The selection of these two parameters is based on a comprehensive consideration of multiple factors. Among them, the moisture content is controlled at 25%. First, it can ensure the granulation effect. When the moisture content is 25%, the mixed material powder has an appropriate humidity, which helps the bonding between the particles, making the formed particles more compact and not easy to break. If the humidity is too low, the material may be too dry and it is difficult to form stable particles; if the humidity is too high, it may cause the particles to stick or form poorly. Second, it can prevent overdrying. Excessive humidity will increase energy consumption in the subsequent drying process and may cause some active ingredients (such as bioactive agents) to be inactivated due to long-term exposure to high temperatures. Therefore, moderate humidity can reduce this risk. Third, it can optimize fluidity. The moisture content of 25% allows the material to maintain a certain degree of moisture without being too viscous, thereby ensuring its good fluidity, which is conducive to uniform distribution and smooth passage through the equipment during the granulation process. In addition, the temperature is set at 50°C. First, it can promote the granulation process. At this temperature, the physical properties of the material change, making it easier to shape without chemical reactions or destroying the active ingredients therein. Second, it can ensure biological activity: many enhanced bioactive agents (such as potassium-solubilizing strains, multifunctional biological communities, etc.) and plant-derived stimulants (such as brassinolide) are sensitive to temperature. Therefore, 50°C is a temperature within a safe range that will not cause these ingredients to be inactivated or degraded, thereby ensuring the biological activity of the fertilizer.

[0050] It should also be noted that the particle size of the organic potash fertilizer particles needs to be dried in a low-temperature drying oven to a water content of less than 10% because: this degree of water content can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms (including bacteria and fungi), and can prevent the fertilizer from deteriorating or fermenting during storage or transportation, thereby maintaining the effectiveness of its bioactive agent. If the water content is too high (for example, greater than 10%), some components in the organic potash fertilizer particles may undergo hydrolysis or other chemical reactions, resulting in nutrient loss or morphological changes, reducing the effect of the fertilizer. In addition, if the water content is too high, the fertilizer is easy to form large lumps and is difficult to disperse, which not only affects the efficiency of fertilization, but also may cause uneven fertilization in some areas, affecting crop growth.

[0051] In summary, drying organic potash fertilizer granules to a moisture content of less than 10% is a key step to ensure their quality and performance. This measure not only helps maintain the effectiveness and stability of the fertilizer, but also ensures its convenience and safety during storage, transportation and use. If the moisture content is higher than 10%, it may lead to a series of negative consequences (such as nitrogen volatilization, nutrient loss such as phosphorus and potassium dissolution, and shortened waste shelf life), affecting the final agricultural production and economic benefits.

[0052] S5: adding an environmentally responsive additive to coat the organic potassium fertilizer particles, that is, using the environmentally responsive additive as the wall material, the organic potassium fertilizer particles are wrapped into microcapsules by a spray drying method, and a solubilizer (such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, etc.) and a wetting agent (such as a non-ionic surfactant) are added during the microencapsulation process to enhance the solubility and dispersibility of the organic potassium fertilizer in water, ensuring that the organic potassium fertilizer can release nutrients quickly and evenly after contacting water, and the microcapsules are dried and crushed. After the treatment is completed, an organic potassium fertilizer that can be quickly dissolved in water to form a liquid fertilizer can be obtained.

[0053] In this step, the environmentally responsive adjuvant includes a temperature-sensitive material (such as poly-N-isopropylacrylamide) and a pH-sensitive material (such as polyacrylic acid). In acidic soils, the pH-sensitive material can promote nutrient release at lower pH values; in environments with large temperature changes, the temperature-sensitive material can adjust the release rate according to the season or the temperature difference between day and night. For example, in the warm spring and acidic soil, these two materials can work together to ensure that plants get enough nutrients.

[0054] The present application uses a microcapsule process to wrap the organic potassium fertilizer particles in a thin shell, which will quickly break or dissolve when exposed to water, so that the organic potassium fertilizer particles inside can be released to form liquid potassium fertilizer. By adopting the microcapsule process, the organic potassium fertilizer can release nutrients at the most needed time and place, avoiding the problem of premature or late release that may exist in traditional solid fertilizers, and improving the utilization rate of fertilizers; the second is that the microcapsule wall material provides a physical barrier for the internal organic potassium fertilizer particles, which can reduce the impact of the external environment (such as light, oxygen, moisture) on it, thereby extending the shelf life of the organic potassium fertilizer, and at the same time, before it is applied, the microcapsule can effectively prevent nutrients from being lost from the fertilizer, especially during storage and transportation, avoiding nutrient loss caused by rainwater scouring or irrigation. The third is that the organic potassium fertilizer after microencapsulation has better fluidity and smaller particle size, which not only facilitates the production and packaging process, but also makes it easier to apply to farmland through irrigation systems or other liquid fertilization equipment.

[0055] Embodiment 2:

[0056] S10: The shell powder is calcined at high temperature by supercritical fluid drying method, and then crushed by a grinder and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to remove impurities. The tree branches and fallen leaves are crushed and passed through a 60-mesh sieve; the nano-grade potassium feldspar is ground to a particle size of 1μm to 50μm; the multifunctional biological community is amplified and cultured under laboratory conditions.

[0057] S20: mixing the shell powder, tree branches, fallen leaves and nano-grade potassium feldspar processed in step S10, and stirring them evenly in a large mixer, and adding salicylic acid slow-release nanoparticles during the stirring process to obtain a mixed material containing salicylic acid slow-release nanoparticles;

[0058] In this step, the present embodiment uses salicylic acid to replace jasmonic acid, because: in addition to having the same performance as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid is the main signal molecule that induces plant system to acquire resistance, can activate a series of defense gene expressions, promote the synthesis of antimicrobial proteins and other defense substances, thereby significantly improving the resistance of plants to a variety of pathogens. In contrast, jasmonic acid is mainly involved in local defense reactions, although it can also enhance disease resistance, but it is not as good as salicylic acid in broad spectrum and persistence. In addition, studies have shown that salicylic acid helps to increase the number of root hairs and improve the root structure, which improves the absorption efficiency of plants to water and nutrients. For organic potash fertilizers, this means better potassium utilization efficiency. Although jasmonic acid also has a certain effect on the root system, the effect of salicylic acid in this regard is more obvious.

[0059] In addition, this embodiment uses salicylic acid sustained-release nanoparticles instead of directly using salicylic acid, and its advantages can be compared with the jasmonic acid sustained-release nanoparticles described in the previous embodiment.

[0060] S30: preparing in advance a fully activated multifunctional biocommunity, and at the same time, preparing corresponding enzyme preparations (such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein and starch, etc.) according to the characteristics of the multifunctional biocommunity, and mixing them evenly in a certain proportion, and inoculating the fully activated multifunctional biocommunity and the enzyme preparation into the mixed material containing salicylic acid together. After the inoculation is completed, the mixed material is transferred to an aerobic composting fermentation tank, and fermented at a temperature of 35° C. and a humidity of 65% for 45 days. After the fermentation is completed, a fermented mixed material is obtained;

[0061] S40: screening the fermented mixed material using a vibrating screen to remove the incompletely degraded large particles therein, sending the screened mixed material to a jet mill for refinement to obtain a mixed material powder with a particle size distribution of 50 mesh to 200 mesh, and granulating the mixed material powder using a disc granulator, wherein the moisture content is controlled at 25%, and the working temperature is set at 50° C. After the granulation is completed, organic potassium fertilizer particles are obtained, wherein the particle size of the organic potassium fertilizer particles needs to be controlled between 2 mm and 4 mm, and then needs to be dried in a low-temperature drying oven to a moisture content of less than 10%;

[0062] S50: adding an environmentally responsive additive to coat the organic potassium fertilizer particles, that is, using the environmentally responsive additive as a wall material, the organic potassium fertilizer particles are wrapped into microcapsules by a spray drying method, and a solubilizer (such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, etc.) and a wetting agent (such as a non-ionic surfactant) are added during the microencapsulation process to enhance the solubility and dispersibility of the organic potassium fertilizer in water, ensuring that the organic potassium fertilizer can release nutrients quickly and evenly after contacting water, and the microcapsules are dried and crushed. After the treatment is completed, an organic potassium fertilizer that can be quickly dissolved in water to form a liquid fertilizer can be obtained.

[0063] In this step, the environmentally responsive adjuvant includes a photosensitive material (such as an azobenzene compound) and a moisture-sensitive material (starch). For crops that require increased nutrient supply when there is sufficient sunlight during the day, the photosensitive material can increase the nutrient release rate during the day; while the moisture-sensitive material can respond quickly after rainfall or irrigation to provide additional moisture support. This combination is particularly suitable for arid areas or places with obvious alternations between dry and wet seasons.

[0064] Embodiment 3:

[0065] S100: Dry the soybean meal by supercritical fluid drying, then crush it with a grinder and pass it through an 80-mesh sieve to remove impurities, spray molasses on the crushed soybean meal, and crush lawn clippings and pass them through a 60-mesh sieve; grind potassium-rich rocks to a particle size of 1μm to 50μm; and amplify and culture mycorrhizal fungi under laboratory conditions.

[0066] S200: Mix the molasses, soybean meal, lawn clippings and potassium-rich rocks processed in step S100, and stir them evenly in a large mixer, and add brassinolide slow-release nanoparticles during the stirring process to obtain a mixed material containing brassinolide slow-release nanoparticles;

[0067] In this step, brassinolide is used in this embodiment to replace salicylic acid because: brassinolide is an efficient plant growth regulator that can significantly promote cell division, elongation and differentiation, thereby accelerating the overall growth and development of plants. Brassinolide is particularly good at promoting root development, increasing the number of root hairs, and improving the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients. In comparison, salicylic acid has a relatively limited effect on promoting overall plant growth and root development, especially in the case of pursuing high-yield and high-quality crops. After experiments, its promotion effect is not as significant as brassinolide. In addition, brassinolide helps plants better cope with abiotic stresses such as drought, low temperature, high temperature and salinity. It can regulate stomatal opening and closing, enhance antioxidant enzyme activity, and promote the synthesis of osmotic regulating substances, helping plants maintain normal physiological functions. In contrast, salicylic acid is more focused on combating biological stress (such as diseases), and its role in coping with abiotic stress is relatively weak. For example, under drought or extreme temperature conditions, its protective effect is not as comprehensive as brassinolide. Furthermore, brassinolide helps improve soil structure, increase soil aeration and water retention, and create a better growth environment for plant roots. In contrast, salicylic acid has a relatively small effect on improving soil structure. It cannot significantly improve soil aeration and water retention like brassinolide. For farmland that may have compaction problems after long-term use, its effect is not as obvious as brassinolide.

[0068] In addition, this embodiment uses brassinolide sustained-release nanoparticles instead of brassinolide, and the effect thereof can be seen in the aforementioned embodiments.

[0069] S300: preparing fully activated mycorrhizal fungi in advance, and at the same time, preparing corresponding enzyme preparations (such as phosphatase, chitinase and β-glucosidase) according to the characteristics of the mycorrhizal fungi, and mixing them in a certain proportion, inoculating the fully activated mycorrhizal fungi and the enzyme preparation into the mixed material containing brassinolide, and after the inoculation, transferring the mixed material to an aerobic composting fermentation tank, and fermenting at a temperature of 32° C. and a humidity of 55% for 40 days. After the fermentation is completed, a fermented mixed material is obtained;

[0070] S400: screening the fermented mixed material using a vibrating screen to remove the incompletely degraded large particles therein, sending the screened mixed material to a jet mill for refinement to obtain a mixed material powder with a particle size distribution of 50 mesh to 200 mesh, and granulating the mixed material powder using a disc granulator, wherein the moisture content is controlled at 25%, and the working temperature is set at 50° C. After granulation, organic potassium fertilizer particles are obtained, wherein the particle size of the organic potassium fertilizer particles needs to be controlled between 2 mm and 4 mm, and then needs to be dried in a low-temperature drying oven to a moisture content of less than 10%;

[0071] S500: adding an environmentally responsive additive to coat the organic potassium fertilizer particles, that is, using the environmentally responsive additive as a wall material, the organic potassium fertilizer particles are coated into microcapsules by a spray drying method, and a solubilizer (such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, etc.) and a wetting agent (such as a non-ionic surfactant) are added during the microencapsulation process to enhance the solubility and dispersibility of the organic potassium fertilizer in water, ensuring that the organic potassium fertilizer can release nutrients quickly and evenly after contacting water, and the microcapsules are dried and crushed. After the treatment is completed, an organic potassium fertilizer that can be quickly dissolved in water to form a liquid fertilizer can be obtained.

[0072] In this step, the environmentally responsive additive includes an ion exchange resin (such as a cation exchange resin or an anion exchange resin) and a temperature-sensitive material (such as poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)), wherein the cation exchange resin can absorb potassium ions (K + ) and gradually releases it according to soil conditions and plant needs, helping to prevent premature loss of potassium fertilizers due to rainwater or irrigation during initial application, while ensuring a continuous supply of appropriate potassium throughout the growing season. Anion exchange resins can adsorb phosphate (PO4 3- ) and other anionic nutrients under appropriate conditions to ensure the effective use of phosphate fertilizers. Temperature-sensitive materials can adjust their physical properties, such as expansion or contraction, according to changes in ambient temperature, which in turn affects the porosity and surface area of ​​fertilizer particles (which is directly related to the degree of contact between fertilizer components and water), thereby determining the rate of nutrient release. Combining cation exchange resins, anion exchange resins and temperature-sensitive materials can build an intelligent fertilizer system that can dynamically adjust nutrient supply according to soil pH, temperature and other environmental factors. Specifically: Spring: As the temperature rises, temperature-sensitive materials begin to work and gradually increase the release rate of fertilizers. At this time, cation exchange resins and anion exchange resins also begin to slowly release stored potassium and phosphorus into the soil, providing sufficient nutrients for the rapid growth of crops. Summer: High temperatures may cause water evaporation to accelerate, but temperature-sensitive materials will limit the rapid release of fertilizers and maintain an appropriate nutrient concentration. In addition, cation exchange resins continue to steadily supply potassium fertilizers, while anion exchange resins ensure that phosphates are not fixed by the soil, allowing crops to be well nourished throughout the hot season. Autumn: As the temperature drops, the temperature-sensitive material reduces the release rate accordingly, preserving the remaining nutrients for late-season crops. At the same time, the cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin still maintain a stable nutrient output to support the crops to complete the final stage of growth. Winter: If some crops need winter protection, or soil preparation before the next season's planting, the temperature-sensitive material can completely close the release channel, retaining all unused nutrients until they are activated again in the spring of the following year.

[0073] In the above embodiment, the environmentally responsive adjuvant may also include smart nanomaterials and magnetic nanomaterials, wherein the smart nanomaterials may be, for example, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, and the magnetic nanomaterials may be, for example, magnetic nanoparticles. The use of magnetic nanoparticles can achieve spatial positioning of fertilizers, and combined with smart nanomaterials to respond to light or temperature, the purpose of precise fertilization can be achieved. This combination is very suitable for use in high-precision agricultural management systems, such as greenhouse cultivation or vertical farms.

[0074] In each of the above embodiments, an environmentally responsive additive of a combination of two materials is used, which can bring the following benefits compared to using only one additive material:

[0075] 1. Enhance environmental responsiveness:

[0076] By combining different types of adjuvant materials (such as temperature-sensitive materials and pH-sensitive materials), it is possible to respond to a variety of environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and soil pH. This multi-factor regulation capability allows the fertilizer to dynamically adjust the nutrient release rate according to different growth conditions. The two adjuvant materials can work synergistically, and the effect is better than a single material when they work together. For example, when the spring is warm and the soil is acidic, temperature-sensitive materials and pH-sensitive materials can work together to ensure that plants get enough nutrients.

[0077] 2. Optimize nutrient management:

[0078] For example, the combination of smart nanomaterials and magnetic nanomaterials can be used for precise fertilization based on crop needs and environmental changes. Magnetic nanoparticles can achieve spatial positioning of fertilizers, while smart nanomaterials can respond to light or temperature to ensure that nutrients are released at the most appropriate time and place. For another example, the combination of ion exchange resins and temperature-sensitive materials can continuously supply the right amount of potassium and other nutrients throughout the growing season. Cation exchange resins adsorb potassium ions from the soil solution and gradually release them as needed; temperature-sensitive materials adjust their physical properties according to changes in ambient temperature, thereby controlling the porosity and surface area of ​​the fertilizer particles and determining the rate of nutrient release.

[0079] 3. Adapt to diverse needs:

[0080] Different combinations of adjuvant materials can meet the needs of different types of crops. For example, for crops that need to increase nutrient supply when there is sufficient sunlight during the day, photosensitive materials can increase the nutrient release rate during the day; for crops that need to cope with drought conditions, moisture-sensitive materials can respond quickly after rainfall or irrigation to provide additional support. In addition, some combinations are particularly suitable for specific environmental conditions. For example, in acidic soils, pH-sensitive materials can promote nutrient release at lower pH values; and in environments with large temperature changes, temperature-sensitive materials can adjust the release rate according to the season or the temperature difference between day and night.

[0081] 4. Reduce negative impact:

[0082] If you rely on only a single type of additive material, it may become unstable or fail due to changes in environmental conditions. By combining two materials, even if one is adversely affected, the other can continue to function, reducing the risk of the overall system.

[0083] Below, the present application compares the performance of the organic potassium fertilizer prepared in the above embodiment with the existing organic potassium fertilizer through greenhouse experiments (planting selected crops in a greenhouse under a controlled environment, applying different types of organic potassium fertilizers, and regularly monitoring and recording plant growth data) and field experiments (selecting representative farmland locations and conducting large-scale field tests to evaluate the performance of fertilizers under actual production conditions). The specific comparison results are shown in Table 1:

[0084] Table 1

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] Furthermore, the present application also compares the existing organic potash fertilizer with the organic potash fertilizer provided by the present application through a curve chart, so that the reader can have a more intuitive comparison of the performance of the two. Among them, the present application selects the total potassium content, nitrogen content, phosphorus content and organic matter content as the nutrient content and draws a comparison curve (such as Figure 2 As shown in Figure 2), temperature sensitivity, humidity sensitivity, photosensitivity and pH sensitivity were selected as environmental response characteristics and comparative curves were drawn (as shown in Figure 2). Figure 3 shown).

[0088] From Table 1 and Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that compared with existing organic potassium fertilizers, the organic potassium fertilizer provided in the present application not only increases the nutrient content and organic matter ratio, but also enhances the physical stability and chemical adaptability. By adding environmentally responsive additives, the fertilizer can intelligently adjust the nutrient release rate according to different environmental factors, thereby better meeting the needs of crops.

[0089] Furthermore, the present application also applies the organic potassium fertilizer provided by the present application and the existing organic potassium fertilizer to different crops (rice, tomatoes and apple trees) to observe the use effect, which can be seen in Tables 2 to 4 for details.

[0090] Table 2 Application to rice

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] Table 3 Application to tomatoes

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] Table 4 Application to apple trees

[0097]

[0098] Based on Tables 2 to 4, it can be seen that the organic potash fertilizer prepared by the present application shows significant advantages on three crops: rice, tomatoes and apple trees. The organic potash fertilizer not only provides higher nutrient content and yield improvement, but also performs well in terms of fruit quality, stress resistance, disease resistance and soil health maintenance. In particular, the application of its intelligent environmental responsive adjuvant enables fertilizers to dynamically adjust nutrient supply according to different environmental factors, further optimizing crop growth conditions. Therefore, the organic potash fertilizer provided by the present application is an efficient and environmentally friendly choice, suitable for the needs of modern agricultural development.

[0099] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An organic potash fertilizer, characterized in that: The organic potash fertilizer comprises the following ingredients: New natural organic matter, mineral potassium sources, enhanced bioactive agents, plant-derived stimulants and environmentally responsive adjuvants, among which: The mass percentages of the novel natural organic matter, mineral potassium source, enhanced bioactive agent, plant-derived stimulant and environmental responsive adjuvant are 30% to 35%, 25% to 33%, 12% to 15%, 6% to 8% and 9% to 14% respectively.

2. A method for preparing an organic potash fertilizer, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises: Pre-treatment of new natural organic matter, mineral potassium sources, and enhanced bioactive agents; The pretreated novel natural organic matter and the mineral potassium source are uniformly mixed, and during the mixing process, a plant-derived stimulant is added to obtain a mixed material containing the plant-derived stimulant; Inoculating the enhanced bioactive agent into the mixed material containing the plant-derived stimulant, and performing composting fermentation under an aerobic environment to obtain a fermented mixed material; Screening and processing the fermented mixed material to obtain organic potassium fertilizer particles; An environmentally responsive adjuvant is added to coat the organic potassium fertilizer particles to form microcapsules, and the microcapsules are dried and crushed to obtain an organic potassium fertilizer that is easily soluble in water to form a liquid fertilizer.

3. The method for preparing an organic potash fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein: The novel natural organic matter, mineral potassium source and enhanced bioactive agent are pretreated, including: Drying, crushing, and sieving the novel natural organic matter; Grinding the mineral potassium source to a suitable particle size; The bioactive agent is cultured and expanded.

4. The method for preparing an organic potash fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein: Processing of the screened mixed materials, including: The screened mixed material is refined to obtain mixed material powder; The mixed material powder is granulated and dried to obtain organic potassium fertilizer granules.

5. The method for preparing an organic potash fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the granulation process of the mixed material powder, the moisture content is controlled at 25% and the temperature is set at 50°C.

6. The method for preparing an organic potash fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The novel natural organic matter comprises any combination of the following: marine biological waste and food industry waste, marine biological waste and urban greening pruning and crushing materials, food industry waste and urban greening pruning and crushing materials.

7. The method for preparing an organic potash fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mineral potassium source includes: potassium-rich rock or nano-scale processed mineral potassium source.

8. The method for preparing an organic potash fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The enhanced bioactive agent includes any of the following: potassium-solubilizing strains enhanced by gene editing, multifunctional biomes and mycorrhizal fungi.

9. The method for preparing an organic potash fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plant-derived stimulant includes any one of the following: jasmonic acid sustained-release nanoparticles, salicylic acid sustained-release nanoparticles and brassinolide sustained-release nanoparticles.

10. The method for preparing an organic potash fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The environmentally responsive additive includes any combination of the following: temperature-sensitive material and pH-sensitive material, photosensitive material and humidity-sensitive material, ion exchange resin and temperature-sensitive material, smart nanomaterial and magnetic nanomaterial.

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