Antenna system and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an antenna system and electronic equipment, which comprises an antenna unit and a cover body, and is characterized in that the cover body is located on a path of the antenna unit for transmitting or receiving linearly polarized waves, and a rotation stroke exists between the cover body and the antenna unit; the cover body is provided with a metal patch, and the metal patch is used for changing the electric field of the antenna unit in at least part of the rotation stroke. According to the invention, by rotating the cover body, signal waves can be converted and adjusted among linear polarized waves, elliptically polarized waves and circularly polarized waves according to use requirements, flexible adjustment of signal processing of an antenna system is realized, the structure is simple, and compared with an existing circularly polarized antenna, not only is antenna polarization stepless switching control realized, but also the antenna system is more compact. Meanwhile, complex structures such as a feed network and a multi-structure unit are omitted, the system structure is simplified, the processing difficulty and the processing cost are reduced, the space utilization rate of the antenna system is improved, and miniaturization of the antenna system is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna system and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] Antennas are very important components in wireless communication systems and radar electronic countermeasure systems. They can convert analog signals and circuit signals in the equipment into electromagnetic waves and radiate them into the external space. The quality of their performance directly affects the performance of the entire device. Electromagnetic waves will produce the Faraday rotation effect when penetrating the atmosphere. Linearly polarized waves will produce polarization mismatch and reduce signal quality, while circularly polarized waves can overcome the impact of reduced signal quality caused by the Faraday rotation effect and improve signal transmission quality. Therefore, circularly polarized waves are usually used to receive and send signals in many occasions. Circularly polarized waves have the characteristic of orthogonal polarization. There is a very strong isolation characteristic between left-handed circularly polarized waves and right-handed polarized waves, so that left-handed circularly polarized antennas can only receive left-handed circularly polarized waves, and right-handed circularly polarized antennas can only receive right-handed circularly polarized waves. Therefore, multi-polarized antennas are widely used in different systems.

[0003] In the process of implementing the present invention, the applicant discovered that one antenna can only process one of circularly polarized waves or linearly polarized waves. Therefore, in a multi-polarized antenna system, multiple groups of different antennas need to be set up to realize the processing of circularly polarized waves, linearly polarized waves, and elliptically polarized waves, resulting in the multi-polarized antenna system having a complex structure and high processing difficulty. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an antenna system and an electronic device to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, which mainly include the following two aspects: The first aspect of the present application provides an antenna system, comprising: An antenna unit, the antenna unit being used to transmit or receive a linearly polarized wave along a first direction; A cover body, wherein the cover body is located on a path for the antenna unit to transmit linear polarized waves or receive linear polarized waves, and there is a rotation stroke between the cover body and the antenna unit around a first direction; a metal patch is provided on the cover body, and the metal patch is used to change the electric field of the antenna unit in at least part of the rotation stroke to achieve switching of the linear polarized wave to an elliptically polarized wave or a circularly polarized wave, or switching of the elliptically polarized wave or the circularly polarized wave to a linearly polarized wave.

[0005] Furthermore, the size of the metal patch gradually increases or decreases along the rotation direction of the cover body.

[0006] Furthermore, a plurality of metal patches are arranged on the cover body, and the gap between two adjacent metal patches gradually increases, gradually decreases or remains unchanged along the rotation direction of the cover body, so as to coordinate with the rotation of the cover body to realize the gradual increase or decrease of the parasitic capacitance and parasitic resistance of the metal patches.

[0007] Furthermore, the metal patch is at least one of a polygonal, circular, elliptical, sector-shaped, semicircular, annular and irregular shape.

[0008] Furthermore, the plurality of metal patches are arranged in an array or non-array.

[0009] Furthermore, the antenna system further comprises a carrier, the antenna unit is arranged on the carrier, and the cover is rotatably connected to the carrier.

[0010] Further, at least one antenna unit is disposed on the carrier; or, a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array are disposed on the carrier.

[0011] Furthermore, an integrated radio frequency front-end system is provided on the carrier, and the antenna unit is connected to the integrated radio frequency front-end system.

[0012] Furthermore, the cover body has wave-transmitting properties.

[0013] A second aspect of the present application provides an electronic device, comprising the above-mentioned antenna system.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following technical effects: The present invention can convert and adjust the signal wave between linear polarization wave, elliptically polarized wave and circular polarization wave according to the use requirements by rotating the cover body, so as to realize the flexible adjustment of the signal processing of the antenna system. The structure is simple. Compared with the existing circularly polarized antenna, it not only realizes the stepless switching control of the antenna polarization, but also eliminates the complex structures such as the feeding network and multiple structural units, simplifies the system structure, reduces the processing difficulty and processing cost, improves the space utilization rate of the antenna system, and realizes the miniaturization setting of the antenna system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present invention or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna system of the present invention; Figure 2 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna system of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cover body of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metal patch on the cover body of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover body of the present invention before adjustment and rotation; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover body of the present invention after adjustment and rotation; Figure 7 It is another structural schematic diagram of the cover body of the present invention; In the figure, 100. cover body; 110. metal patch; 200. antenna unit; 300. integrated radio frequency front-end system; 400. carrier. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following description provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different features of the present invention. The components and arrangements described in the following specific examples are only used to simplify the present invention and are only used as examples, not to limit the present invention.

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0020] In the current antenna technology, one antenna can only process one of circular polarization waves or linear polarization waves. In actual applications, in different states, it may be necessary to switch between circular polarization waves, linear polarization waves, and elliptically polarized waves. Therefore, for a multi-polarized antenna system, it is necessary to set up multiple groups of different antennas, such as integrated circular polarization wave processing antennas, linear polarization wave processing antennas, and elliptically polarized wave processing antennas, in order to achieve the switching processing of circular polarization waves, linear polarization waves, and elliptically polarized waves, resulting in the multi-polarized antenna system having complex structure, large volume, and high processing difficulty. In order to solve the problems of complex structure, large volume, and high processing difficulty of the multi-polarized antenna system, the present application provides an antenna system and electronic equipment that can adjust the processing capacity of the antenna from linear polarization waves to circular polarization waves, and can be realized by simply improving the existing antenna system, with a simple structure, small volume, and convenient processing. The specific structure is shown in the following embodiments.

[0021] Example 1 The present application embodiment provides an antenna system, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, including, An antenna unit 200, the antenna unit 200 is used to transmit or receive linearly polarized waves along a first direction; A cover body 100, wherein the cover body 100 is located on a path for the antenna unit 200 to transmit linear polarized waves or receive linear polarized waves, and there is a rotation stroke between the cover body 100 and the antenna unit 200 around a first direction; a metal patch 110 is provided on the cover body 100, and the metal patch 110 is used to change the electric field of the antenna unit 200 during at least part of the rotation stroke, so as to realize that when the antenna unit 200 acts as a signal transmitting end and transmits linear polarized waves along the first direction, the linear polarized waves are switched to elliptically polarized waves or circularly polarized waves, or when the antenna unit 200 acts as a signal receiving end and receives linear polarized waves along the first direction, the elliptically polarized waves or circularly polarized waves are switched to linear polarized waves.

[0022] For example, when the antenna unit 200 works as a transmitter, Figure 5 As shown, the electric field E radiated by the antenna unit 200 can be decomposed into two orthogonal electric field components E when passing through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100. X and E Y ; E X and E Y The resulting equivalent RLC circuit is the same and can be expressed as: , Among them, Z x The electric field component E X The equivalent circuit impedance generated when passing through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100, Z Y The electric field component EY The equivalent circuit impedance generated when the electric field E passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100, L refers to the inductance generated when the electric field E passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100, R refers to the resistance generated when the electric field E passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100, C refers to the capacitance generated when the electric field E passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100, j is an imaginary unit, w refers to the angular frequency, a refers to the real part of the equivalent circuit impedance, and b refers to the imaginary part of the equivalent circuit impedance; After the cover body 100 is rotated around the first direction, Figure 6 As shown, the component E of the electric field E in the X direction is X and the component E in the Y direction Y The path through the metal patch 110 will change, and the generated parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance will change. At this time, the corresponding impedance can be expressed as: , Among them, a x Refers to the equivalent impedance Z x Real part, a Y Refers to the equivalent impedance Z Y Real part, b x Refers to the equivalent impedance Z x Imaginary part, b Y Refers to the equivalent impedance Z Y Imaginary part, L x It refers to the component inductance generated in the X direction when the electric field E passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100, R x It refers to the component resistance in the X direction generated when the electric field E passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100, C x It refers to the component capacitance generated in the X direction when the electric field E passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100, L Y It refers to the component inductance generated in the Y direction when the electric field E passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100, R Y It refers to the component resistance in the Y direction generated when the electric field E passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100, C Y It refers to the component capacitance generated in the Y direction when the electric field E passes through the metal patch 110 on the cover 100; After the cover 100 rotates, the parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance generated by the gaps between the metal patches 110 in the X direction and the Y direction are inconsistent, so that the Z X and Z Y The reactance part is inconsistent. Based on this, the rotation angle of the cover 100 is adjusted to change the Z X and Z Y The module value between the two is adjusted to Z when the rotation angle of the cover body 100 is adjusted. X and Z Y The modulus values ​​are equal, that is, = , At the same time, Z X and Z Y When the phase difference between them is π / 2, that is, the electric field E X and E Y The phase difference is π / 2, that is, the linear polarization wave generated by the antenna unit 200 is converted into a circular polarization wave; accordingly, When realized When the linear polarization wave generated by the antenna unit 200 is converted into right-hand circular polarization radiation; When realized When the linear polarization wave generated by the antenna unit 200 is converted into left-hand circular polarization radiation; When realized When , the linear polarization wave of 200 generated by the antenna unit is still linear polarization radiation; When realized When it is other values, the linear polarization wave generated by the antenna unit 200 can be converted into elliptically polarized radiation.

[0023] Furthermore, by rotating the cover body 100, the linearly polarized wave generated by the antenna unit 200 can be converted into an elliptically polarized wave or a circularly polarized wave according to usage requirements, thereby realizing flexible adjustment of the signal processing of the antenna system, and the structure is simple. Compared with the existing circularly polarized antennas (such as four-arm helical antennas, microstrip antennas, cross-symmetrical array antennas, coplanar waveguide circularly polarized antennas), it not only realizes the infinite switching control of antenna polarization, but also eliminates complex structures such as feeding networks and multiple structural units, simplifies the system structure, reduces processing difficulty and processing costs, improves the space utilization of the antenna system, and realizes the miniaturization of the antenna system.

[0024] It should be noted that the four-arm helical antenna requires a quarter-wavelength reflection cavity, which makes the antenna bulky, complex in structure, complex in processing, and high in profile. It is not conducive to the miniaturization and low-profile design of the antenna and is rarely used in actual engineering applications. The microstrip circularly polarized antenna itself has a very narrow bandwidth and needs to be expanded through a complex feeding network. The feeding network is usually a lossy network that will lose the output power of the power amplifier and reduce the EIRP of the whole machine. At the same time, it increases the system noise and causes the G / T value of the antenna to deteriorate. The coplanar waveguide circularly polarized antenna structure has no metal ground and is very limited in engineering applications.

[0025] Similarly, when the antenna unit 200 works as a receiving end, the cover 100 is rotated according to the type of signal wave to be received, so that the signal wave is converted from a circularly polarized wave or an elliptically polarized wave to a linearly polarized wave when passing through the cover to the antenna unit 200, thereby realizing flexible adjustment of the signal wave reception type.

[0026] In some embodiments, in order to change the electric field of the antenna unit 200 and switch the linear polarization wave to the elliptically polarized wave or the circularly polarized wave during the rotation of the metal patch 110 in at least part of the cover 100, the size of the metal patch 200 can be gradually increased along the rotation direction of the cover, such as Figure 4 As shown, the size gradual increase can be a smooth transition gradual increase, a step gradual increase, or a combination of a smooth transition gradual increase and a step gradual increase to achieve a gradual increase in size, so that the component E of the electric field E in the X direction X and the component E in the Y direction Y The path through the metal patch 110 will change, and the generated parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance will change accordingly.

[0027] In some embodiments, in order to change the electric field of the antenna unit 200 and switch the linear polarized wave to the elliptically polarized wave or the circularly polarized wave during the rotation of the metal patch 110 in at least part of the cover 100, the size of the metal patch 110 can be gradually reduced along the rotation direction of the cover. The gradual reduction in size can be a smooth transition gradual reduction, a step-by-step gradual reduction, or a combination of a smooth transition gradual reduction and a step-by-step gradual reduction to achieve a gradual reduction in size, so that the component E of the electric field E in the X direction X and the component E in the Y direction Y The path through the metal patch 110 will change, and the generated parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance will change accordingly.

[0028] Specifically, a plurality of metal patches 110 are arranged on the cover body 100, and the gap between two adjacent metal patches 110 gradually increases, gradually decreases or remains unchanged along the rotation direction of the cover body 100, so as to coordinate with the rotation of the cover body 100 to realize the gradual increase or decrease of the parasitic capacitance and parasitic resistance of the metal patches 110.

[0029] In some embodiments, the metal patch 110 is at least one of a polygon, a circle, an ellipse, a sector, a semicircle, a ring, and an irregular shape. Figure 3~Figure 7 shown.

[0030] In some embodiments, the metal patches 110 are arranged in an array, so as to facilitate the design of the rotation angle of the cover 100 and the corresponding controllable conversion of the linear polarization wave into the elliptically polarized wave or the circularly polarized wave.

[0031] Specifically, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the antenna system further includes a carrier 400, the antenna unit 200 is disposed on the carrier 400, and the cover 100 is rotatably connected to the carrier 400. The carrier 400 is a prior art and will not be described in detail herein.

[0032] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, one antenna unit 200 may be disposed on a carrier 400 to form a single antenna system.

[0033] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of antenna units 200 arranged in an array may be arranged on a carrier 400 to form a uniformly distributed phased array antenna system.

[0034] In some embodiments, a plurality of antenna units 200 may be disposed on the carrier 400 to form a non-uniformly distributed phased array antenna system.

[0035] Specifically, an integrated RF front-end system 300 is disposed on the carrier 400, and the antenna unit 200 is connected to the integrated RF front-end system 300. When the antenna unit 200 is used as a transmitting end, the integrated RF front-end system 300 is used to achieve signal gain amplification, phase shifting and attenuation; when the antenna unit 200 is used as a receiving end, the integrated RF front-end system 300 is used to achieve signal low-noise amplification, phase shifting and attenuation.

[0036] Specifically, the cover 100 has a wave-transmitting property so that it does not affect the gain, directivity and echo of the antenna unit. The cover 100 can be an antenna cover for protecting the antenna unit 200, or a support frame for installing the metal patch 110. In this embodiment, the cover 100 is preferably used as an antenna cover for protecting the antenna unit 200.

[0037] Example 2 An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including the antenna system in Embodiment 1.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna system, characterized in that: include, An antenna unit, the antenna unit being used to transmit or receive a linearly polarized wave along a first direction; A cover body, wherein the cover body is located on a path for the antenna unit to transmit linear polarized waves or receive linear polarized waves, and there is a rotation stroke between the cover body and the antenna unit around a first direction; a metal patch is provided on the cover body, and the metal patch is used to change the electric field of the antenna unit in at least part of the rotation stroke to achieve switching of the linear polarized wave to an elliptically polarized wave or a circularly polarized wave, or switching of the elliptically polarized wave or the circularly polarized wave to a linearly polarized wave.

2. The antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that The size of the metal patch gradually increases or decreases along the rotation direction of the cover body.

3. The antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that The cover body is provided with a plurality of metal patches, and the gap between two adjacent metal patches gradually increases, gradually decreases or remains unchanged along the rotation direction of the cover body, so as to realize the gradual increase or decrease of the parasitic capacitance and parasitic resistance of the metal patches in coordination with the rotation of the cover body.

4. The antenna system according to claim 3, characterized in that The metal patch is at least one of a polygonal, circular, elliptical, sectoral, semicircular, annular and irregular shape.

5. The antenna system according to claim 3, characterized in that The plurality of metal patches are arranged in an array or in a non-array.

6. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The antenna system further comprises a carrier, the antenna unit is arranged on the carrier, and the cover is rotatably connected to the carrier.

7. The antenna system according to claim 6, characterized in that At least one antenna unit is disposed on the carrier; or, a plurality of antenna units arranged in an array are disposed on the carrier.

8. The antenna system according to claim 6, characterized in that An integrated radio frequency front-end system is arranged on the carrier, and the antenna unit is connected to the integrated radio frequency front-end system.

9. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The cover body has wave-transmitting properties.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: An antenna system comprising any one of claims 1 to 9.

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