Special seedling raising substrate capable of increasing emergence rate of rice and preparation method of special seedling raising substrate

Abstract

The invention discloses a special seedling raising substrate capable of increasing the rice emergence rate and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of special seedling raising substrates. The seedling raising special substrate capable of increasing the rice emergence rate is prepared from, by weight, 10-30 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of coco coir, 20-40 parts of vermiculite, 20-30 parts of sawdust, 20-30 parts of cow dung, 10-20 parts of yellow mud, 5-10 parts of active substances and 8-12 parts of organic potash fertilizer, the active substances are prepared from moso bamboo powder, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, chitosan and potassium hydroxide, and the organic potash fertilizer is prepared from organic potash fertilizer. The organic potassium fertilizer is prepared from wheat straw, N, N-dimethylformamide, epoxy chloropropane, ethidene diamine, diethylamine and rice husk. The special seedling raising substrate prepared by the method can effectively improve the emergence rate and plant height of rice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of special substrate preparation for rice, and particularly relates to a special substrate for raising rice seedlings which can improve the rice seedling emergence rate and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The traditional method of raising rice seedlings relies on nutrient soil, which is not only difficult to obtain, but also the cumbersome process of preparing nutrient soil, and it is easy to damage the environment. In order to solve these problems, a special substrate for raising rice seedlings came into being, becoming an important technical means to improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings.

[0003] Although the traditional method of raising seedlings with nutrient soil meets the basic needs of rice seedling growth to a certain extent, it has many limitations and shortcomings. First, the collection of nutrient soil often requires a large amount of land resources, which not only increases production costs, but may also lead to over-exploitation and destruction of land resources. Secondly, the preparation process of nutrient soil is cumbersome and requires precise proportions and complex processing technology, which places high demands on the technical level and operating experience of farmers. In addition, the nutrient soil is prone to problems such as compaction and hardening during the seedling raising process, which affects the growth and development of the seedlings.

[0004] Patent CN106866254A discloses a composite nutrient matrix for rice seedling cultivation and a preparation method thereof, which is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in volume percentage: 10-65 carbonized rice husk, 25-60 peat, 10-60 vermiculite, 1-5 seedling strengthening agent, and 5-20 attapulgite powder. The above raw materials are fully mixed and evenly mixed, and then sieved through a 8-10mm aperture sieve to obtain a finished matrix. The composite nutrient matrix of the invention has good water retention and water supply performance, reasonable nutrient ratio, and meets the nutrient ratio required for the growth and development of rice seedlings in one season. When the matrix is ​​used to cultivate rice, the rice seeds emerge quickly, the emergence rate is high, and the root system is well developed. However, the composite nutrient matrix prepared by this method still has room for improvement in the emergence rate of rice. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a special substrate for raising rice seedlings and a preparation method thereof, which can improve the rice seedling emergence rate, and is used to solve the technical problem of poor rice seedling emergence rate in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The invention provides a special substrate for raising rice seedlings capable of improving the emergence rate of rice seedlings. The substrate is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of coconut husks, 20-40 parts of vermiculite, 20-30 parts of wood husks, 20-30 parts of cow dung, 10-20 parts of yellow mud, 5-10 parts of active substances, and 8-12 parts of organic potassium fertilizers, wherein the active substances are bamboo powder. 、 Nitric acid 、 sulfuric acid、 Chitosan and potassium hydroxide are prepared, and organic potassium fertilizer is made from wheat straw 、 N,N-Dimethylformamide 、 Epichlorohydrin 、 Ethylenediamine 、 Prepared from diethylamine and rice husk.

[0008] Preferably, the method for preparing the active substance comprises the following steps:

[0009] Q1: Wash the bamboo powder with deionized water, dry it, and sieve it to obtain pretreated bamboo powder. Add the pretreated bamboo powder into a muffle furnace, heat it for reaction, and after the reaction is completed, cool it to obtain bamboo activated carbon.

[0010] Q2: Add bamboo activated carbon to a container, slowly add a mixed solution of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to the container under stirring, heat the reaction in a water bath and under reflux conditions, cool after the reaction, dilute with deionized water, continue stirring, centrifuge, dialyze, continue centrifugation, and dry to obtain product 1;

[0011] Q3: Add product 1 to deionized water, and obtain a dispersion after ultrasonic dispersion. Add chitosan to an acetic acid solution and stir to obtain a chitosan solution. Then quickly add the dispersion to the chitosan solution, mix and stir, and then dry, grind, and pre-carbonize to obtain product 2. Mix and grind product 2 with potassium hydroxide, heat to activate, soak and wash, and dry to obtain an active substance.

[0012] In the above process, bamboo powder is firstly pyrolyzed at high temperature to prepare bamboo activated carbon, and then nitric acid and sulfuric acid are mixed and added to the bamboo activated carbon to corrode the surface of the activated carbon, increase the porosity and specific surface area, and improve its adsorption performance. Then, positively charged chitosan and negatively charged product 1 are reacted in aqueous solution under the action of strong intermolecular electrostatic attraction to prepare product 2, and then product 2 is carbonized and activated to prepare active substances.

[0013] Preferably, in Q1, the sieved particle size is 150-200 mesh, and the heating reaction process is to heat to 600°C at a rate of 5°C / min, and then keep the temperature for reaction for 2h.

[0014] Preferably, in Q2, the usage ratio of bamboo activated carbon, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and deionized water is (5-10) g: (25-50) mL: (75-150) mL: (1000-1500) mL, the mass fraction of nitric acid is 67wt%, the mass fraction of sulfuric acid is 98wt%, the heating reaction temperature is 80-90°C, the reaction time is 10-12h, the stirring time is continued for 12-14h, the centrifugal speed is 4000-5000rpm, the time is 5-8min, and the dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 3500Da is used for dialyzing until the pH of the solution outside the bag is 7, the centrifugal speed is continued to be 10000-12000rpm, the time is 5-7min, and the drying temperature is 80-85°C.

[0015] Preferably, in Q3, the amount ratio of product 1, deionized water, chitosan and acetic acid solution is (0.4-0.6) g: (40-60) mL: (0.8-1.2) g: (80-120) mL, the mass fraction of acetic acid solution is 5wt%, the mixing time is 10-12h, the drying temperature is 100-120°C, the pre-carbonization process is: pre-carbonization at 500°C for 1-2h at a heating rate of 2°C / min under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mass ratio of product 2 to potassium hydroxide is (0.8-1.2): (3-4.6), and the temperature activation process is: activation at 800°C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 1-2h at a heating rate of 5°C / min, immersion in a 1mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 20-24h, and then washing with deionized water until neutral.

[0016] Preferably, the method for preparing the organic potash fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1: soaking wheat straw in a sodium hydroxide solution, washing and drying, obtaining pretreated wheat straw, sequentially adding the pretreated wheat straw, N,N-dimethylformamide and epichlorohydrin into a container, heating and stirring, cooling after the stirring, then dripping ethylenediamine to continue the reaction, and continuing to heat after the reaction, adding diethylamine and epichlorohydrin at the same time, reacting, washing and drying, obtaining modified wheat straw;

[0018] S2: Wash the rice husk with deionized water, dry, crush and sieve to obtain pretreated rice husk, mix the pretreated rice husk with modified wheat straw to obtain a mixture, and then transfer the mixture to a porcelain boat, place it in a muffle furnace, sinter it, add hydrogen peroxide solution to oxidize it after sintering, add potassium hydroxide solution to perform ultrasonic alkali extraction, filter and dry it to obtain organic potassium fertilizer.

[0019] In the above process, wheat straw is first treated with epichlorohydrin, ethylenediamine and diethylamine to obtain modified wheat straw, and then the modified wheat straw is used as a catalyst to react with pretreated rice husk, and then oxidized with hydrogen peroxide and alkaline extracted with potassium hydroxide to obtain organic potassium fertilizer.

[0020] Preferably, in S1, the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1wt%, the soaking time is 4-6h, the amount ratio of the pretreated wheat straw, N,N-dimethylformamide, the first added epichlorohydrin, ethylenediamine, diethylamine and the second added epichlorohydrin is (2-3)g: (8-12)mL: (7-10.5)mL: (3-4.5)mL: (8-10)mL: (10-15)mL, the heating and stirring temperature is 85-95°C, the time is 1-2h, the temperature is reduced to 80-82°C, the dripping rate is 1 drop / s, the reaction time is continued for 1-2h, the temperature is continued to rise to 90-92°C, and the reaction time is 2-3h.

[0021] Preferably, in S2, the drying temperature is 80-85°C, the sieved particle size is 80-100 mesh, the dosage ratio of pretreated rice husk, modified wheat straw, hydrogen peroxide solution and potassium hydroxide solution is (1000-2000) g: (5-20) g: (500-800) mL: (300-500) mL, the sintering process is: roasting at 260°C for 80 min, roasting at 280°C for 100 min, roasting at 300°C for 120 min, roasting at 320°C for 140 min, and roasting at 340°C for 160 min, the volume fraction of hydrogen peroxide solution is 10vt%, the oxidation time is 10-12h, the concentration of potassium hydroxide solution is 1mol / L, the power of ultrasonic alkali extraction is 300-400W, the alkali extraction time is 30-45min, and the drying temperature is 80-90°C.

[0022] Preferably, the method for preparing the special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the rice seedling emergence rate comprises the following steps:

[0023] Step 1: Wash and squeeze the cow dung, mix it with wood chaff and yellow mud, and ferment it to obtain a prefabricated material;

[0024] Step 2: Mix the prefabricated material with peat, coconut bran, vermiculite, active substances and organic potassium fertilizer, add them into a stirring pot and mix them thoroughly, then transfer them to a drum screen through a buffer bin for screening, and fill them to obtain a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings.

[0025] Preferably, in the step 1, the fermentation time is 3-6 months; in the step 2, the aperture of the drum screen is 8-10 mm.

[0026] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] The present invention adds the prepared active substance and organic potassium fertilizer into a special substrate for raising rice seedlings, and uses the substrate in rice planting, which can effectively improve the emergence rate and plant height of rice. The active substance has excellent adsorption performance, can fix and slowly release nutrients in the soil, and provide continuous nutritional support for rice seedlings. At the same time, the presence of chitosan can protect the microbial community in the soil, promote the balance and stability of the soil ecosystem, and is beneficial to the growth and development of rice seedlings. The potassium humate contained in the organic potassium fertilizer can improve the soil environment, improve the air permeability and water retention of the soil, create better conditions for the growth of rice seedlings, and improve the emergence rate of rice. At the same time, the synergistic effect of the active substance and the organic potassium fertilizer promotes the growth and development of rice seedlings and improves their plant height. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1: This example discloses a method for preparing an active substance, comprising the following steps:

[0030] Q1: Wash the bamboo powder with deionized water, dry it, and pass it through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated bamboo powder. Add the pretreated bamboo powder into a muffle furnace, heat it to react, raise the temperature to 600°C at a rate of 5°C / min, and then keep it warm for 2h. After the reaction is completed, cool it to obtain bamboo activated carbon.

[0031] Q2: 7.5 g of bamboo activated carbon was added to a container, and a mixed solution of 37.5 mL of 67 wt% nitric acid and 110 mL of 98 wt% sulfuric acid was slowly added to the container under stirring. The mixture was heated at 80 ° C for 12 h under water bath and reflux conditions. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled and diluted with 1250 mL of deionized water. The mixture was stirred for 12 h, centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 min, and dialyzed with a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 3500 Da until the pH of the solution outside the bag was 7. The mixture was centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 7 min, and dried at 85 ° C to obtain product 1.

[0032] Q3: 0.5 g of product 1 was added to 50 mL of deionized water, and after ultrasonic dispersion, a dispersion was obtained. 1 g of chitosan was added to 100 mL of 5 wt% acetic acid solution, and after stirring, a chitosan solution was obtained. The dispersion was then quickly added to the chitosan solution, mixed and stirred for 12 hours, dried at 100°C, ground, and pre-carbonized at 500°C for 1-2 hours at a heating rate of 2°C / min under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain product 2. 1 g of product 2 was mixed and ground with 3.8 g of potassium hydroxide, activated at 800°C in a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 5°C / min for 1 hour, immersed in a 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 24 hours, washed with deionized water until neutral, and dried to obtain an active substance.

[0033] This embodiment discloses a method for preparing an organic potassium fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0034] S1: Soak wheat straw in a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 0.1wt% for 6h, then wash and dry to obtain pretreated wheat straw, add 2.5g of pretreated wheat straw, 10mL of N,N-dimethylformamide and 8.5mL of epichlorohydrin into a container in sequence, heat and stir at 85℃ for 2h, cool to 80℃ after stirring, then add 3.75mL of ethylenediamine dropwise to continue the reaction for 1h, the drop rate is 1 drop / s, and after the reaction, continue to heat to 90℃, add 9mL of diethylamine and 12.5mL of epichlorohydrin at the same time, react for 2h, wash and dry to obtain modified wheat straw;

[0035] S2: Wash the rice husk with deionized water, dry it at 85°C, crush it, and pass it through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated rice husk. Mix 1500g of the pretreated rice husk and 12.5g of modified wheat straw to obtain a mixture, which is then transferred to a porcelain boat, placed in a muffle furnace, and sintered. The process is: roasting at 260°C for 80min, roasting at 280°C for 100min, roasting at 300°C for 120min, roasting at 320°C for 140min, and roasting at 340°C for 160min. After sintering, add 650mL of 10vt% hydrogen peroxide solution for oxidation for 12h. After oxidation, add 400mL of 1mol / L potassium hydroxide solution, perform 400W ultrasonic alkali extraction for 45min, filter, and dry at 85°C to obtain organic potassium fertilizer.

[0036] The present embodiment discloses a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings. The substrate is composed of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 20 parts of peat, 15 parts of coconut bran, 30 parts of vermiculite, 25 parts of wood bran, 25 parts of cow dung, 15 parts of yellow mud, 7.5 parts of active substances, and 10 parts of organic potassium fertilizer.

[0037] This embodiment discloses a method for preparing a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Wash and squeeze the cow dung, mix it with wood chaff and yellow mud, and ferment it for 6 months to obtain a prefabricated material;

[0039] Step 2: Mix the prefabricated material with peat, coconut bran, vermiculite, active substances and organic potassium fertilizer, add them into a stirring pot and mix them thoroughly, then transfer them to a drum screen with an aperture of 10 mm through a buffer bin for screening, and fill them to obtain a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings.

[0040] Example 2: This example discloses a method for preparing an active substance, comprising the following steps:

[0041] Q1: Wash the bamboo powder with deionized water, dry it, and pass it through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated bamboo powder. Add the pretreated bamboo powder into a muffle furnace, heat it to react, raise the temperature to 600°C at a rate of 5°C / min, and then keep it warm for 2h. After the reaction is completed, cool it to obtain bamboo activated carbon.

[0042] Q2: 5 g of bamboo activated carbon was added to a container. Under stirring, a mixed solution of 25 mL of 67 wt% nitric acid and 75 mL of 98 wt% sulfuric acid was slowly added to the container. The mixture was heated at 80 ° C for 12 h under water bath and reflux conditions. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled and diluted with 1000 mL of deionized water. The mixture was stirred for 12 h, centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 min, and dialyzed with a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 3500 Da until the pH of the solution outside the bag was 7. The mixture was centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 7 min, and dried at 85 ° C to obtain product 1.

[0043] Q3: 0.4 g of product 1 was added to 40 mL of deionized water, and after ultrasonic dispersion, a dispersion was obtained. 0.8 g of chitosan was added to 80 mL of 5 wt% acetic acid solution, and stirred to obtain a chitosan solution. The dispersion was then quickly added to the chitosan solution, mixed and stirred for 12 hours, dried at 100°C, ground, and pre-carbonized at 500°C for 1-2 hours at a heating rate of 2°C / min under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain product 2. 0.8 g of product 2 was mixed and ground with 3 g of potassium hydroxide, activated at 800°C in a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 5°C / min for 1 hour, immersed in a 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 24 hours, washed with deionized water until neutral, and dried to obtain an active substance.

[0044] This embodiment discloses a method for preparing an organic potassium fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1: Soak wheat straw in a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 0.1wt% for 6h, then wash and dry to obtain pretreated wheat straw, add 2g of pretreated wheat straw, 8mL of N,N-dimethylformamide and 7mL of epichlorohydrin into a container in sequence, heat and stir at 85℃ for 2h, cool to 80℃ after stirring, then add 3mL of ethylenediamine dropwise and continue to react for 1h, with a drop rate of 1 drop / s, and continue to heat to 90℃ after the reaction, add 8mL of diethylamine and 15mL of epichlorohydrin at the same time, react for 2h, wash and dry to obtain modified wheat straw;

[0046] S2: Wash the rice husk with deionized water, dry it at 85°C, crush it, and pass it through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated rice husk. Mix 1000g of the pretreated rice husk with 20g of modified wheat straw to obtain a mixture, which is then transferred to a porcelain boat, placed in a muffle furnace, and sintered. The process is: roasting at 260°C for 80min, roasting at 280°C for 100min, roasting at 300°C for 120min, roasting at 320°C for 140min, and roasting at 340°C for 160min. After sintering, add 500mL of 10vt% hydrogen peroxide solution for oxidation for 12h. After oxidation, add 300mL of 1mol / L potassium hydroxide solution, perform 400W ultrasonic alkali extraction for 45min, filter, and dry at 85°C to obtain organic potassium fertilizer.

[0047] The present embodiment discloses a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings. The substrate is composed of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 10 parts of peat, 10 parts of coconut bran, 40 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of wood bran, 20 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of yellow mud, 5 parts of active substances, and 8 parts of organic potassium fertilizer.

[0048] This embodiment discloses a method for preparing a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Wash and squeeze the cow dung, mix it with wood chaff and yellow mud, and ferment it for 6 months to obtain a prefabricated material;

[0050] Step 2: Mix the prefabricated material with peat, coconut bran, vermiculite, active substances and organic potassium fertilizer, add them into a stirring pot and mix them thoroughly, then transfer them to a drum screen with an aperture of 10 mm through a buffer bin for screening, and fill them to obtain a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings.

[0051] Example 3: This example discloses a method for preparing an active substance, comprising the following steps:

[0052] Q1: Wash the bamboo powder with deionized water, dry it, and pass it through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated bamboo powder. Add the pretreated bamboo powder into a muffle furnace, heat it to react, raise the temperature to 600°C at a rate of 5°C / min, and then keep it warm for 2h. After the reaction is completed, cool it to obtain bamboo activated carbon.

[0053] Q2: 10 g of bamboo activated carbon was added to a container, and a mixed solution of 50 mL of 67 wt% nitric acid and 150 mL of 98 wt% sulfuric acid was slowly added to the container under stirring. The mixture was heated at 80 ° C for 12 h in a water bath and reflux conditions. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled and diluted with 1500 mL of deionized water. The mixture was stirred for 12 h, centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 min, and dialyzed with a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 3500 Da until the pH of the solution outside the bag was 7. The mixture was centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 7 min, and dried at 85 ° C to obtain product 1.

[0054] Q3: 0.6 g of product 1 was added to 60 mL of deionized water, and after ultrasonic dispersion, a dispersion was obtained. 1.2 g of chitosan was added to 120 mL of 5 wt% acetic acid solution, and stirred to obtain a chitosan solution. The dispersion was then quickly added to the chitosan solution, mixed and stirred for 12 hours, dried at 100°C, ground, and pre-carbonized at 500°C for 1-2 hours at a heating rate of 2°C / min under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain product 2. 1.2 g of product 2 was mixed and ground with 4.6 g of potassium hydroxide, activated at 800°C in a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 5°C / min for 1 hour, immersed in a 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 24 hours, washed with deionized water until neutral, and dried to obtain an active substance.

[0055] This embodiment discloses a method for preparing an organic potassium fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0056] S1: Soak wheat straw in a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 0.1wt% for 6h, then wash and dry to obtain pretreated wheat straw, add 3g of pretreated wheat straw, 12mL of N,N-dimethylformamide and 10.5mL of epichlorohydrin into a container in sequence, heat and stir at 85℃ for 2h, cool to 80℃ after stirring, then add 4.5mL of ethylenediamine dropwise to continue the reaction for 1h, the drop rate is 1 drop / s, and after the reaction, continue to heat to 90℃, add 10mL of diethylamine and 10mL of epichlorohydrin at the same time, react for 2h, wash and dry to obtain modified wheat straw;

[0057] S2: Wash the rice husk with deionized water, dry at 85°C, crush, and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated rice husk, mix 2000g of the pretreated rice husk and 5g of modified wheat straw to obtain a mixture, and then transfer it to a porcelain boat, place it in a muffle furnace, and sinter. The process is: roasting at 260°C for 80min, roasting at 280°C for 100min, roasting at 300°C for 120min, roasting at 320°C for 140min, and roasting at 340°C for 160min. After sintering, add 800mL of 10vt% hydrogen peroxide solution for oxidation for 12h. After oxidation, add 500mL of 1mol / L potassium hydroxide solution, perform 400W ultrasonic alkali extraction for 45min, filter, and dry at 85°C to obtain organic potassium fertilizer.

[0058] The present embodiment discloses a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings. The substrate is composed of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 30 parts of peat, 20 parts of coconut bran, 20 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of wood bran, 30 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of yellow mud, 10 parts of active substances, and 12 parts of organic potassium fertilizer.

[0059] This embodiment discloses a method for preparing a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Wash and squeeze the cow dung, mix it with wood chaff and yellow mud, and ferment it for 6 months to obtain a prefabricated material;

[0061] Step 2: Mix the prefabricated material with peat, coconut bran, vermiculite, active substances and organic potassium fertilizer, add them into a stirring pot and mix them thoroughly, then transfer them to a drum screen with an aperture of 10 mm through a buffer bin for screening, and fill them to obtain a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings.

[0062] Example 4: This example discloses a method for preparing an active substance, comprising the following steps:

[0063] Q1: Wash the bamboo powder with deionized water, dry it, and pass it through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated bamboo powder. Add the pretreated bamboo powder into a muffle furnace, heat it to react, raise the temperature to 600°C at a rate of 5°C / min, and then keep it warm for 2h. After the reaction is completed, cool it to obtain bamboo activated carbon.

[0064] Q2: 6 g of bamboo activated carbon was added to a container, and a mixed solution of 30 mL of 67 wt% nitric acid and 120 mL of 98 wt% sulfuric acid was slowly added to the container under stirring. The mixture was heated at 80 ° C for 12 h under water bath and reflux conditions. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled and diluted with 1100 mL of deionized water, and the mixture was stirred for 12 h. The mixture was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 min, and dialyzed with a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 3500 Da until the pH of the solution outside the bag was 7. The mixture was centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 7 min, and dried at 85 ° C to obtain product 1.

[0065] Q3: 0.45 g of product 1 was added to 45 mL of deionized water, and after ultrasonic dispersion, a dispersion was obtained. 0.9 g of chitosan was added to 90 mL of acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 5 wt%, and after stirring, a chitosan solution was obtained. The dispersion was then quickly added to the chitosan solution, mixed and stirred for 12 hours, and then dried at 100°C, ground, and pre-carbonized at 500°C for 1-2 hours at a heating rate of 2°C / min under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain product 2. 1.1 g of product 2 was mixed and ground with 3.2 g of potassium hydroxide, and activated at 800°C in a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 5°C / min for 1 hour, immersed in a 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 24 hours, and then washed with deionized water until neutral, and dried to obtain an active substance.

[0066] This embodiment discloses a method for preparing an organic potassium fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0067] S1: Soak wheat straw in a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 0.1wt% for 6h, then wash and dry to obtain pretreated wheat straw, add 2.2g of pretreated wheat straw, 11mL of N,N-dimethylformamide and 8mL of epichlorohydrin into a container in sequence, heat and stir at 85℃ for 2h, cool to 80℃ after stirring, then add 3.2mL of ethylenediamine dropwise to continue reaction for 1h, the drop rate is 1 drop / s, after the reaction, continue to heat to 90℃, add 8.5mL of diethylamine and 11mL of epichlorohydrin at the same time, react for 2h, wash and dry to obtain modified wheat straw;

[0068] S2: Wash the rice husk with deionized water, dry it at 85°C, crush it, and pass it through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated rice husk. Mix 1200g of the pretreated rice husk and 17g of modified wheat straw to obtain a mixture, which is then transferred to a porcelain boat, placed in a muffle furnace, and sintered. The process is: roasting at 260°C for 80min, roasting at 280°C for 100min, roasting at 300°C for 120min, roasting at 320°C for 140min, and roasting at 340°C for 160min. After sintering, add 600mL of 10vt% hydrogen peroxide solution for oxidation for 12h. After oxidation, add 350mL of 1mol / L potassium hydroxide solution, perform 400W ultrasonic alkali extraction for 45min, filter, and dry at 85°C to obtain organic potassium fertilizer.

[0069] The present embodiment discloses a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings. The substrate is composed of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 15 parts of peat, 12 parts of coconut bran, 25 parts of vermiculite, 22 parts of wood bran, 28 parts of cow dung, 12 parts of yellow mud, 8 parts of active substances, and 9 parts of organic potassium fertilizer.

[0070] This embodiment discloses a method for preparing a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0071] Step 1: Wash and squeeze the cow dung, mix it with wood chaff and yellow mud, and ferment it for 6 months to obtain a prefabricated material;

[0072] Step 2: Mix the prefabricated material with peat, coconut bran, vermiculite, active substances and organic potassium fertilizer, add them into a stirring pot and mix them thoroughly, then transfer them to a drum screen with an aperture of 10 mm through a buffer bin for screening, and fill them to obtain a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings.

[0073] Example 5: This example discloses a method for preparing an active substance, comprising the following steps:

[0074] Q1: Wash the bamboo powder with deionized water, dry it, and pass it through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated bamboo powder. Add the pretreated bamboo powder into a muffle furnace, heat it to react, raise the temperature to 600°C at a rate of 5°C / min, and then keep it warm for 2h. After the reaction is completed, cool it to obtain bamboo activated carbon.

[0075] Q2: 8 g of bamboo activated carbon was added to a container, and a mixed solution of 40 mL of 67 wt% nitric acid and 80 mL of 98 wt% sulfuric acid was slowly added to the container under stirring. The mixture was heated at 80 ° C for 12 h under water bath and reflux conditions. After the reaction was completed, it was cooled and diluted with 1300 mL of deionized water, and the mixture was stirred for 12 h. The mixture was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 min, and dialyzed with a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 3500 Da until the pH of the solution outside the bag was 7. The mixture was centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 7 min, and dried at 85 ° C to obtain product 1.

[0076] Q3: 0.55 g of product 1 was added to 55 mL of deionized water, and after ultrasonic dispersion, a dispersion was obtained. 1.1 g of chitosan was added to 110 mL of 5 wt% acetic acid solution, and stirred to obtain a chitosan solution. The dispersion was then quickly added to the chitosan solution, mixed and stirred for 12 hours, dried at 100°C, ground, and pre-carbonized at 500°C for 1-2 hours at a heating rate of 2°C / min under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain product 2. 0.9 g of product 2 was mixed and ground with 4.1 g of potassium hydroxide, activated at 800°C in a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 5°C / min for 1 hour, immersed in a 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 24 hours, washed with deionized water until neutral, and dried to obtain an active substance.

[0077] This embodiment discloses a method for preparing an organic potassium fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0078] S1: Soak wheat straw in a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 0.1wt% for 6h, then wash and dry to obtain pretreated wheat straw, add 2.7g pretreated wheat straw, 9mL N,N-dimethylformamide and 9mL epichlorohydrin into a container in sequence, heat and stir at 85℃ for 2h, cool to 80℃ after stirring, then add 4.1mL ethylenediamine dropwise and continue to react for 1h, with a drop rate of 1 drop / s, and continue to heat to 90℃ after the reaction, add 9.5mL diethylamine and 14mL epichlorohydrin at the same time, react for 2h, wash and dry to obtain modified wheat straw;

[0079] S2: Wash the rice husk with deionized water, dry it at 85°C, crush it, and pass it through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated rice husk. Mix 1700g of the pretreated rice husk and 10g of modified wheat straw to obtain a mixture, which is then transferred to a porcelain boat, placed in a muffle furnace, and sintered. The process is: roasting at 260°C for 80min, roasting at 280°C for 100min, roasting at 300°C for 120min, roasting at 320°C for 140min, and roasting at 340°C for 160min. After sintering, add 700mL of 10vt% hydrogen peroxide solution for oxidation for 12h. After oxidation, add 450mL of 1mol / L potassium hydroxide solution, perform 400W ultrasonic alkali extraction for 45min, filter, and dry at 85°C to obtain organic potassium fertilizer.

[0080] The present embodiment discloses a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings. The substrate is composed of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 25 parts of peat, 18 parts of coconut bran, 35 parts of vermiculite, 28 parts of wood bran, 22 parts of cow dung, 18 parts of yellow mud, 9 parts of active substances, and 11 parts of organic potassium fertilizer.

[0081] This embodiment discloses a method for preparing a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0082] Step 1: Wash and squeeze the cow dung, mix it with wood chaff and yellow mud, and ferment it for 6 months to obtain a prefabricated material;

[0083] Step 2: Mix the prefabricated material with peat, coconut bran, vermiculite, active substances and organic potassium fertilizer, add them into a stirring pot and mix them thoroughly, then transfer them to a drum screen with an aperture of 10 mm through a buffer bin for screening, and fill them to obtain a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings.

[0084] Comparative Example 1: Compared with Example 1, in the preparation process of the active substance in Comparative Example 1, no chitosan was added, and other conditions remained unchanged.

[0085] Comparative Example 2: Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 2, during the preparation of the organic potassium fertilizer, no modified wheat straw was added, and other conditions remained unchanged.

[0086] Comparative Example 3: Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 3, no active substance is added during the preparation of the special substrate for raising seedlings, and other conditions remain unchanged.

[0087] Comparative Example 4: Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 4, during the preparation of the special substrate for raising seedlings, no organic potassium fertilizer was added, and other conditions remained unchanged.

[0088] Experimental example: rice seeds were sown, and the prepared samples were applied during the sowing process. The sowing process was as follows: the application specifications were 60 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 3 cm high, and water was poured thoroughly. The samples were left to stand for 2 hours to remove excess water, and then the same number of selected rice seeds were sown at the same spacing, and then covered with 0.5 cm thick samples, sprayed with an appropriate amount of water, and covered with plastic wrap to retain water. When the rice seeds broke through the soil and exposed their tips, the film was uncovered, and observation was performed regularly, water was added, the temperature was controlled, and light was increased. The number of germinated seeds was recorded regularly, and the emergence rate was calculated. After 20 days of sowing, 10 seedlings were taken and the plant height was measured. The test results are shown in Table 1:

[0089] Table 1

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] From the test results in Table 1, it can be seen that the special substrate for raising rice seedlings prepared by Examples 1-5 of the present invention can effectively improve the rice seedling emergence rate and plant height. From the comparison between Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-5, it can be seen that adding chitosan can improve the rice seedling emergence rate and plant height; from the comparison between Comparative Example 2 and Examples 1-5, it can be seen that adding modified wheat straw can improve the rice seedling emergence rate and plant height; from the comparison between Comparative Example 3 and Examples 1-5, it can be seen that adding active substances can improve the rice seedling emergence rate and plant height; from the comparison between Comparative Example 4 and Examples 1-5, it can be seen that adding organic potassium fertilizer can improve the rice seedling emergence rate and plant height.

[0093] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

[0094] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to only specific implementation methods. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the rice seedling emergence rate, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of coconut husk, 20-40 parts of vermiculite, 20-30 parts of wood husk, 20-30 parts of cow dung, 10-20 parts of yellow mud, 5-10 parts of active substances, and 8-12 parts of organic potassium fertilizer, wherein the active substances are bamboo powder. 、 Nitric acid 、 sulfuric acid 、 Chitosan and potassium hydroxide are prepared, and organic potassium fertilizer is made from wheat straw 、 N,N-Dimethylformamide 、 Epichlorohydrin 、 Ethylenediamine 、 Prepared from diethylamine and rice husk.

2. The special substrate for raising rice seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the active substance comprises the following steps: Q1: Wash the bamboo powder with deionized water, dry it, and sieve it to obtain pretreated bamboo powder. Add the pretreated bamboo powder into a muffle furnace, heat it for reaction, and after the reaction is completed, cool it to obtain bamboo activated carbon. Q2: Add bamboo activated carbon to a container, slowly add a mixed solution of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to the container under stirring, heat the reaction in a water bath and under reflux conditions, cool after the reaction, dilute with deionized water, continue stirring, centrifuge, dialyze, continue centrifugation, and dry to obtain product 1; Q3: Add product 1 to deionized water, and obtain a dispersion after ultrasonic dispersion. Add chitosan to an acetic acid solution and stir to obtain a chitosan solution. Then quickly add the dispersion to the chitosan solution, mix and stir, and then dry, grind, and pre-carbonize to obtain product 2. Mix and grind product 2 with potassium hydroxide, heat to activate, soak and wash, and dry to obtain an active substance.

3. The special substrate for raising rice seedlings according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the Q1, the sieved particle size is 150-200 mesh, and the heating reaction process is to heat up to 600° C. at a rate of 5° C. / min, and then keep the temperature for reaction for 2 hours.

4. The special substrate for raising rice seedlings according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the Q2, the dosage ratio of bamboo activated carbon, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and deionized water is (5-10) g: (25-50) mL: (75-150) mL: (1000-1500) mL, the mass fraction of nitric acid is 67wt%, the mass fraction of sulfuric acid is 98wt%, the heating reaction temperature is 80-90°C, the reaction time is 10-12h, the stirring time is continued for 12-14h, the centrifugal speed is 4000-5000rpm, the time is 5-8min, and the dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 3500Da is used for dialysis until the pH of the solution outside the bag is 7, the centrifugal speed is continued to be 10000-12000rpm, the time is 5-7min, and the drying temperature is 80-85°C.

5. The special substrate for raising rice seedlings capable of improving the rice seedling emergence rate according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the Q3, the amount ratio of product 1, deionized water, chitosan and acetic acid solution is (0.4-0.6) g: (40-60) mL: (0.8-1.2) g: (80-120) mL, the mass fraction of the acetic acid solution is 5wt%, the mixing time is 10-12h, the drying temperature is 100-120°C, the pre-carbonization process is: pre-carbonization at 500°C for 1-2h at a heating rate of 2°C / min under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mass ratio of product 2 to potassium hydroxide is (0.8-1.2): (3-4.6), and the temperature activation process is: activation at 800°C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 1-2h at a heating rate of 5°C / min, immersion in a 1mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 20-24h, and then washing with deionized water until neutral.

6. The special substrate for raising rice seedlings capable of improving the emergence rate of rice seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the organic potash fertilizer comprises the following steps: S1: soaking wheat straw in a sodium hydroxide solution, washing and drying, obtaining pretreated wheat straw, sequentially adding the pretreated wheat straw, N,N-dimethylformamide and epichlorohydrin into a container, heating and stirring, cooling after the stirring, then dripping ethylenediamine to continue the reaction, and continuing to heat after the reaction, adding diethylamine and epichlorohydrin at the same time, reacting, washing and drying, obtaining modified wheat straw; S2: Wash the rice husk with deionized water, dry, crush and sieve to obtain pretreated rice husk, mix the pretreated rice husk with modified wheat straw to obtain a mixture, and then transfer the mixture to a porcelain boat, place it in a muffle furnace, sinter it, add hydrogen peroxide solution to oxidize it after sintering, add potassium hydroxide solution to perform ultrasonic alkali extraction, filter and dry it to obtain organic potassium fertilizer.

7. The special substrate for raising rice seedlings according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the S1, the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1wt%, the soaking time is 4-6h, the amount ratio of the pretreated wheat straw, N,N-dimethylformamide, the first added epichlorohydrin, ethylenediamine, diethylamine and the second added epichlorohydrin is (2-3)g: (8-12)mL: (7-10.5)mL: (3-4.5)mL: (8-10)mL: (10-15)mL, the heating and stirring temperature is 85-95°C, the time is 1-2h, the temperature is reduced to 80-82°C, the dripping rate is 1 drop / s, the reaction time is continued for 1-2h, the temperature is continued to rise to 90-92°C, and the reaction time is 2-3h.

8. The special substrate for raising rice seedlings capable of improving the rice seedling emergence rate according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S2, the drying temperature is 80-85°C, the sieved particle size is 80-100 mesh, the dosage ratio of the pretreated rice husk, the modified wheat straw, the hydrogen peroxide solution and the potassium hydroxide solution is (1000-2000) g: (5-20) g: (500-800) mL: (300-500) mL, the sintering process is: roasting at 260°C for 80 min, roasting at 280°C for 100 min, roasting at 300°C for 120 min, roasting at 320°C for 140 min, and roasting at 340°C for 160 min, the volume fraction of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 10vt%, the oxidation time is 10-12h, the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 1mol / L, the power of the ultrasonic alkali extraction is 300-400W, the alkali extraction time is 30-45min, and the drying temperature is 80-90°C.

9. A method for preparing a special substrate for raising rice seedlings capable of improving the emergence rate of rice seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Wash and squeeze the cow dung, mix it with wood chaff and yellow mud, and ferment it to obtain a prefabricated material; Step 2: Mix the prefabricated material with peat, coconut bran, vermiculite, active substances and organic potassium fertilizer, add them into a stirring pot and mix them thoroughly, then transfer them to a drum screen through a buffer bin for screening, and fill them to obtain a special substrate for raising rice seedlings that can improve the emergence rate of rice seedlings.

10. The method for preparing a special substrate for raising rice seedlings capable of improving the emergence rate of rice seedlings according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the step 1, the fermentation time is 3-6 months; in the step 2, the aperture of the drum screen is 8-10 mm.

Images