Energy self-management power supply system and water wave energy generator

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of nano power generation, and particularly relates to an energy self-management power supply system and a water wave energy generator. The energy self-management power supply system comprises an electromagnetic generator, a friction nanometer generator and a management circuit. The management circuit is composed of a rectification circuit, a Buck circuit and a buffer circuit. The Buck circuit comprises an input capacitor, a storage capacitor and a switching tube for controlling charge transfer between the input capacitor and the storage capacitor. One electromagnetic generator serves as a manager, and the output of the manager serves as a control signal of a switching tube in the Buck circuit after being subjected to voltage division and noise reduction through the buffer circuit. The other power generation units serve as workers, and the output of the power generation units passes through the rectification circuit and then is input into the Buck circuit for voltage reduction and charging of the storage capacitor. The water wave energy generator can be obtained by installing the energy self-management power supply system on the suspension type framework in the floating body. The TENG-based wave energy power generation device solves the problems that various existing TENG-based wave energy power generation devices are generally low in power density and limited in practical value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of nano power generation, and in particular relates to an energy self-management power supply system and a water wave energy generator. Background Art

[0002] Human economic activities have generated a large amount of fossil energy consumption. Fossil energy resources are limited and the use process will generate pollution, so it is not sustainable. New energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and wave energy are abundant and emit almost no greenhouse gases during the power generation process, which helps to mitigate climate change and reduce pollution. However, compared with solar energy and wind energy, which are only available 20%-30% of the time, ocean wave energy can be used 90% of the time, becoming the key to global energy transformation. In order to realize the use of wave energy for power generation, technicians have proposed a new type of friction nanogenerator (TENG), which is a new energy harvesting technology that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy based on the principles of friction electrification and electrostatic induction. Because of its flexible structure, high efficiency and miniaturization, it can be deployed in complex marine environments, is environmentally friendly, can work stably in the constant movement of waves, and has strong adaptability, thereby achieving sustainable power generation.

[0003] However, the wave energy generation devices based on TENG still generally have the problem of low power density. At present, researchers are committed to developing high-output, high-energy capture and conversion efficiency devices to realize commercial applications as soon as possible, so various innovative structural designs and back-end energy management circuits have emerged. Among them, tribo-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerators (TE-HNGs) have attracted much attention due to their ability to adapt to both low-frequency and high-frequency energy. The realization of this function relies on the ability of two power generation units based on different working principles to adapt to environmental conditions of different frequencies. However, this means that it is difficult to achieve efficient energy capture of both units at a specific water wave frequency, resulting in a comprehensive effect of 1+1≤2. In addition, the electrical output between the tribo-nanogenerator and the electromagnetic generator (EMG) in most TE-HNGs is very different, and there is only mechanical coupling, lacking synergistic effects between the units. Moreover, the energy management strategy in TE-HNGs mainly targets TENG and ignores EMG, and the current more universal Buck voltage divider conversion circuit needs to match the corresponding electronic components according to the optimal output of TENG to achieve efficient energy conversion. However, the complexity of the marine environment has a significant impact on the output of TENG, resulting in difficulties in circuit matching and is not conducive to the manufacture of integrated chips in industrialization. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the problems of generally low power density and limited practical value of various existing TENG-based wave energy power generation devices, the present invention provides an energy self-management power supply system and a water wave energy generator.

[0005] The technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0006] An energy self-management power supply system includes at least one electromagnetic generator and a plurality of friction nanogenerators. The electromagnetic generator and the friction nanogenerator are installed on the same frame that can be displaced by external impact and can generate phase-coherent electrical energy output.

[0007] In particular, the energy self-management power supply system provided by the present invention also includes a management circuit. The management circuit is composed of a rectifier circuit, a Buck circuit, and a buffer circuit. The Buck circuit includes an input capacitor, a storage capacitor, and a switch tube for managing the charge transfer channel between the input capacitor and the storage capacitor. One of the electromagnetic generators is selected as the manager, and its output is divided and noise-reduced by the buffer circuit as the gate-source voltage V to control the conduction of the switch tube. GS The remaining friction nanogenerators and electromagnetic generators act as workers, and their outputs are processed by the rectifier circuit and connected to the upper and lower plates of the input capacitor to charge the storage capacitor. The upper and lower plates of the storage capacitor serve as the output ports of the water wave energy generator.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the rectifier circuit adopts a bridge rectifier circuit composed of four diodes; the two output ports of the friction nanogenerator and the electromagnetic generator as workers are connected to the two AC input ports of the bridge rectifier circuit.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the Buck circuit is composed of an input capacitor C in , NMOS switch tube NM1, storage capacitor C S , inductor L, and two diodes D0 and D1. The circuit connection relationship is:

[0010] C in The upper plate of is connected to the drain of NM1 and the negative electrode of D0; the source of NM1 is connected to C through L S The upper plate; C S and C in The lower plate is connected to the positive electrode of D1; the negative electrode of D1 is connected to the positive electrode of D0 and the source of NM1; the two DC output ports of the rectifier circuit are connected to the input capacitor C in on the two plates.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the buffer circuit is composed of a filter capacitor C F , resistor R D And two diodes D2 and D3. The circuit connection relationship is:

[0012] C F and R DAfter parallel connection, one end is connected to the negative pole of D2, and the other end is connected to the positive pole of D3; the positive pole of D2 and the negative pole of D3 serve as the input port of the buffer circuit and are used to connect the two output ends of the electromagnetic generator as the manager; C F The two plates of serve as the output ports of the buffer circuit and are used to connect the gate and source of NM1.

[0013] The present invention also includes a water wave energy generator, which includes a skeleton, a floating body and an energy self-management power supply system as described above. The electromagnetic generator and the friction nanogenerator in the energy self-management power supply system are installed on the skeleton, and the skeleton is located in the floating body. Among them, the skeleton is composed of a plurality of mutually parallel substrates arranged horizontally; the substrate located at the bottom is relatively fixed to the floating body and serves as a fixed substrate. The remaining substrates serve as movable substrates, and adjacent substrates are spaced apart by elastic support or magnetic suspension;

[0014] Coils and permanent magnets are embedded in the substrates. The coils in each substrate and the permanent magnets on the adjacent substrates form an electromagnetic generator, which generates electricity when the distance between the substrate where the coil is located and the adjacent substrate changes.

[0015] The upper and lower surfaces of the substrate are both provided with an electrode layer and a friction layer, and the friction layer faces outward. In any two adjacent substrates, the two friction layers close to each other are respectively made of two materials with different electronegativity. The electrode layer and the friction layer between the two adjacent active substrates form a friction nanogenerator; and then electricity is generated when the corresponding two substrates come into contact and separate.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, in the framework, any two substrates are supported by elastic elements to achieve spacing. The number of elastic elements is multiple and distributed in a ring along the edge of each substrate; in a natural state, each substrate is subjected to balanced forces and the two adjacent substrates are close but not in contact.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, in the framework, any two substrates are arranged at intervals by magnetic suspension. Each substrate is embedded with a permanent magnet with a magnetic pole in the vertical direction, and the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets in adjacent substrates are in opposite directions. In a natural state, the forces on each substrate are balanced and the two adjacent substrates are close but not in contact.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, a limit rod extending vertically upward is provided on the upper surface of the fixed base plate; a through hole with a larger size allowing the limit rod to pass through is provided at the corresponding position in the movable base plate; each movable base plate is connected in series to the limit rod; and a structure is provided at the end of the limit rod to prevent the movable base plate from detaching.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the frame includes two fixed base plates parallel to each other, the limiting rod is vertical and fixedly connected to the two fixed base plates, and each movable base plate is located between the two fixed base plates.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the substrate is made of lightweight insulating material.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the electrode layer is made of metal or composite material;

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the friction layers arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of each movable base plate are made of nylon and FEP respectively.

[0023] The technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention proposes a new energy self-management power supply system, which connects a large number of friction nanogenerators and electromagnetic generators that can generate in-phase output through a management circuit. The management circuit selects the output of one of the electromagnetic generators as the control signal of the switch tube in the Buck circuit, and the output of the remaining generators is used to charge the storage capacitor in the Buck circuit. This new generator architecture can make full use of the power generation characteristics of different types of generators and significantly improve the peak power and power density of the generator.

[0025] The present invention also designs a multi-layer suspension skeleton that uses magnetic force or elastic force to achieve support. After using this skeleton to load electromagnetic generators and friction nanogenerators, it can achieve efficient use of the space inside the device and improve the peak power density of the product. In addition, since the structure has a good suspension effect, under the dynamic balance of gravity and repulsion or elastic force, a significant mechanical gain effect is achieved. Specifically, a single trigger can produce a multiple output frequency doubling effect, thereby increasing the average power of the product.

[0026] The water wave energy generator using the energy self-management power supply system provided by the present invention is different from the mechanical combination of the traditional friction-electromagnetic composite nanogenerator. The energy self-management power supply system makes full use of the performance of different types of generators, and can maximize the release of the power generation potential of different generators to achieve a synergistic effect of 1+1>2. And this type of generator can be applied to low-frequency oscillation environments, especially suitable for collecting wave energy in water bodies; the practical value is very outstanding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of the energy self-management power supply system provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the suspended skeleton used in the energy self-management power supply system in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a skeleton supported by elastic elements in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a skeleton that uses magnetic levitation to achieve support in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic suspension frame that uses a sleeve to achieve lateral limitation in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic generator used in the water wave energy generator of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the friction nanogenerator used in the water wave energy generator of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 A comparison of the peak power of different types of generators before and after using the management circuit in the test experiment.

[0035] Fig. 9 A comparison of the peak power density of different types of generators before and after using the management circuit in the test experiment.

[0036] Fig.10 In order to test the water wave power generator of the present invention in the experiment, a double frequency output electrical signal is generated under a single disturbance.

[0037] Fig.11 It is a statistical diagram of the output current and peak power density of the water wave energy generator of the present invention in waves of different frequencies in the test experiment.

[0038] The markings in the figure are:

[0039] 1. Skeleton; 2. Electromagnetic generator; 3. Friction nanogenerator; 11. Base plate; 12. Elastic element; 13. Limit rod; 21. Permanent magnet; 22. Coil; 23. Counterweight; 24. Sleeve; 31. Friction layer; 32. Electrode layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] This embodiment provides a water wave power generator, which is installed in a floating body and is used to generate electricity using the wave energy of the water body. The technicians of this embodiment have improved the existing electromagnetic-friction nanocomposite generator at the product structure and circuit level, thereby significantly improving the power density of a single device, laying a foundation for the commercialization of wave power generation equipment.

[0043] Specifically, the water wave energy generator provided in this embodiment includes a skeleton 1, a floating body and an energy self-management power supply system, and the energy self-management power supply system is composed of at least one electromagnetic generator 2, multiple friction nanogenerators 3 and a management circuit. Among them, the electromagnetic generator 2 mainly includes two components, a coil 22 and a permanent magnet 21. When the wave drives the floating body and the skeleton 1 to oscillate, the coil 22 and the permanent magnet 21 in the electromagnetic generator 2 loaded thereon will also undergo relative displacement. At this time, the magnetic flux in the coil 22 changes and thus generates electrical energy output. The friction nanogenerator 3 is mainly composed of two friction layers 31 with different charge binding capabilities. When the wave drives the floating body to oscillate, the two friction layers 31 close to each other in the friction nanogenerator 3 loaded thereon will also contact and separate. In this process, charge transfer occurs between the two friction layers 31, thereby generating electrical energy output. In the water wave energy generator provided in this embodiment, the electromagnetic generator 2 and the friction nanogenerator 3 are installed on the same skeleton 1 that can be displaced with the oscillating motion of the waves. Therefore, the oscillating motion of the waves keeps the driving effect on the two synchronized, which causes the two generators to generate phase-consistent electrical energy output, that is, when the wave drives one of them to generate an electrical signal output, it also drives the other to output an electrical signal.

[0044] It should be emphasized that: in the friction-electromagnetic composite generator, the friction nanogenerator 3 has the characteristics of high impedance and high voltage, which is at the level of hundreds of volts. In contrast, the electromagnetic generator 2 is a low-voltage power generation unit, ranging from a few volts to tens of volts. Under normal circumstances, the output power of the friction nanogenerator 3 is much higher than that of the electromagnetic generator 2, which can reach several times or even hundreds of times, but the power output of the friction nanogenerator 3 is not ideal in a limited space.

[0045] In particular, based on the above output characteristics of the electromagnetic generator 2 and the friction nanogenerator 3, the energy self-management power supply system designed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1As shown, each energy self-management power supply system includes at least one electromagnetic generator 2 and multiple friction nanogenerators 3 that can generate phase-coherent electrical energy output, and also includes a management circuit. The management circuit is composed of a rectifier circuit, a Buck circuit, and a buffer circuit. The Buck circuit includes an input capacitor, a storage capacitor, and a switch tube for managing the charge transfer channel between the input capacitor and the storage capacitor. In this embodiment, all power generation units in the water wave energy generator are divided into two categories, and one of the electromagnetic generators 2 is selected as a "manager". The output generated by the manager is used as the control signal of the switch tube in the Buck circuit after voltage division and noise reduction by the buffer circuit. The remaining power generation units (including all friction nanogenerators 3 and other redundant electromagnetic generators 2 that may exist) are all used as "workers". The electrical energy output generated by each worker is rectified by the rectifier circuit and converted into a unidirectional pulsating voltage, and then input into the Buck circuit for voltage division and charging the storage capacitor. In addition, in the product of the present embodiment, if there is only one electromagnetic generator 2 in the water wave energy generator, the electromagnetic generator 2 is only used as a "manager".

[0046] In the management circuit of this embodiment, the Buck circuit used is also called a voltage divider chopper, which is a DC-DC conversion device that can be used to output an output signal with the same polarity and an average voltage less than the input voltage. This embodiment uses it to collect the high-voltage and high-frequency electrical energy signals generated by the power generation unit mainly composed of the friction nanogenerator 3, and converts them into low-voltage and more stable electrical signals, and uses them to supply energy to the outside. The capacitance value of the input capacitor in the Buck circuit is relatively small, which can "accumulate" the electrical energy output by each friction nanogenerator 3, and then release the accumulated charge to a larger storage capacitor at one time when the switch tube is turned on. The storage capacitor is equivalent to a large battery, and the upper and lower plates of the storage capacitor serve as the output port of the water wave energy generator.

[0047] The switch tube used in the Buck circuit in the management circuit is usually a triode or a MOS tube. For example, in the specific solution of this embodiment, the switch tube in the Buck circuit uses an NMOS tube. For the NMOS tube, when the gate-source voltage V GS When the voltage Vth is higher than or equal to the threshold voltage Vth, the NMOS tube is turned on; otherwise, the NMOS tube is in the cut-off state. In view of the above characteristics of the Buck circuit, this embodiment selects one of the electromagnetic generators 2 of the water wave power generator as the manager for controlling the conduction of the switch tube in the Buck circuit. The output characteristics of the electromagnetic generator 2 just match the control signal required by the switch tube in the Buck circuit. Therefore, in this embodiment, the output of the electromagnetic generator 2 is connected to the gate (G) and source (S) of the switch tube after voltage division and noise reduction processing by the buffer circuit, as the gate-source voltage V GS. The reasons for choosing the output of the electromagnetic generator 2 as the switch control signal mainly include two points: first, the voltage level of the output of the electromagnetic power generation unit is relatively low, and is close to the threshold voltage of the NMOS tube switch, so it can be output to the switch tube after simple voltage division and filtering. Second, the output of the electromagnetic generator 2 as a manager is synchronized with the output signals of each power generation unit collected on the input capacitor side as a worker. This makes it so that when the output low voltage of the electromagnetic generator 2 as a manager reaches a level that can drive the switch to turn on (the gate-source voltage is greater than the threshold voltage), the charge transmitted to the input capacitor by each friction nanogenerator 3 and electromagnetic generator 2 as a worker is also close to saturation and should be released to the storage capacitor.

[0048] In the management circuit designed in this embodiment, the rectifier circuit adopts a bridge rectifier circuit composed of four diodes; the two output ports of the friction nanogenerator 3 are connected to the two AC input ports of the bridge rectifier circuit. The function of the rectifier circuit is to convert the electrical signals with different amplitudes, directions and phases output by each power generation unit as a worker into a unidirectional pulsating DC voltage, and then transmit it to the input capacitor in the Buck circuit.

[0049] The Buck circuit consists of an input capacitor C in , NMOS switch tube NM1, storage capacitor C S , inductor L, and two diodes D0 and D1. The circuit connection relationship is: C in The upper plate of is connected to the drain of NM1 and the negative electrode of D0; the source of NM1 is connected to C through L S The upper plate; C S and C in The lower plate is connected to the positive electrode of D1; the negative electrode of D1 is connected to the positive electrode of D0 and the source of NM1; the two DC output ports of the rectifier circuit are connected to the input capacitor C in on the two plates.

[0050] The buffer circuit consists of filter capacitor C F , resistor R D And two diodes D2 and D3. The circuit connection relationship is: C F and R D After parallel connection, one end is connected to the negative electrode of D2, and the other end is connected to the positive electrode of D3; the positive electrode of D2 and the negative electrode of D3 serve as the input port of the buffer circuit and are used to connect the two output ends of the electromagnetic generator 2; C F The two plates of are used as the output ports of the buffer circuit and are used to connect the gate and source of NM1. In the buffer circuit of this embodiment, the two diodes are used to suppress the reverse pulses that may be generated during the operation of the electromagnetic generator 2; the resistor R DAs a voltage-dividing resistor, the output signal of the electromagnetic generator 2 can be divided to prevent the instantaneous pulse output by the electromagnetic generator 2 from being too high, thereby causing the switch tube in the Buck circuit to be broken down. F As a filter capacitor, it can effectively reduce the ripple factor of the AC signal output by the electromagnetic generator 2, making the generated DC output smoother.

[0051] It is particularly important to emphasize that: Figure 1 The schematic diagram shown only provides a feasible solution for the energy self-management power supply system provided in this embodiment. In practical applications, the designed management circuit includes three parts: a rectifier circuit, a Buck circuit and a buffer circuit. The rectifier circuit receives the output of the worker, rectifies it and charges the Buck circuit. The buffer circuit divides the output signal of the manager and reduces the noise, which serves as the control signal of the switch tube in the Buck circuit. On the basis of the above functions, the component composition and circuit connection method of the three functional circuits of the rectifier circuit, the Buck circuit and the buffer circuit can still be further optimized. For example, technicians can choose to use a more powerful rectifier circuit to replace the rectifier bridge in this embodiment, choose a more stable bandpass filter to replace the buffer circuit in this embodiment, and so on. These improved management circuits should still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] A water wave energy generator can be obtained by installing the energy self-management power supply system on the frame 1 and then installing the frame 1 inside a floating body. The solution provided in this embodiment does not limit the product structure of the water wave energy generator, and only needs to meet the requirements of installing each friction nanogenerator 3 and electromagnetic generator 2 on the same frame 1 that can move with the waves, so that each power generation unit can generate output with the same phase.

[0053] Specifically, in a typical solution of this embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the skeleton 1 is composed of a plurality of mutually parallel substrates 11 arranged horizontally; the substrates 11 in this embodiment can be made of lightweight insulating materials, such as acrylic boards, PVC boards, polycarbonate boards, etc. The shape of the substrates 11 is not limited in this embodiment, and in practical applications, directional or circular thin plates can be used. In a more optimized solution, the shapes and sizes of the substrates 11 are the same, and they are stacked in sequence, thereby increasing the overlap area ratio of any two substrates 11 when in contact (reaching 100%), which is beneficial to improving the power generation density of the device.

[0054] For each substrate 11 used in the skeleton 1, in this embodiment, the substrate 11 at the bottom is fixed relative to the floating body and used as a fixed substrate 11. The remaining substrates 11 are used as movable substrates 11. Adjacent substrates 11 are spaced apart by elastic support or magnetic suspension.

[0055] Specifically, the elastic element 12 is used to support any two substrates 11 to achieve a spaced arrangement structure such as Figure 3 As shown. In this structure, a plurality of support points corresponding to positions are arranged at the edge of each substrate 11, and a downwardly recessed mounting groove is provided at the support point; an elastic element 12 is installed in the mounting groove. The elastic element 12 can be a columnar spring, a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), etc. In this structure, each movable substrate 11 is subjected to gravity and the supporting force or pressure exerted by the springs on both sides. In the natural state, each substrate 11 in this embodiment is balanced in force and makes the two adjacent substrates 11 close but not in contact. When the skeleton 1 is impacted by an external force, due to the existence of inertia, each spring may be compressed or stretched, thereby causing each substrate 11 to move up and down, the distance between adjacent substrates 11 changes, and contact and separation between the substrates 11 occur frequently.

[0056] Specifically, in this embodiment, any two substrates 11 are supported by magnetic suspension to achieve a spaced-apart structure. Figure 4 As shown. In this structure, each substrate 11 is embedded with a permanent magnet 21 with a magnetic pole direction along the vertical direction, and the magnetic pole directions of the permanent magnets 21 in adjacent substrates 11 are opposite. In this state, each substrate 11 will be affected by the magnetic force generated by the upper and lower substrates 11. Among them, the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet 21 in the upper substrate 11 is directed downward, and the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet 21 in the lower substrate 11 is directed upward. Therefore, it is only necessary to make the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet 21 below each substrate 11 greater than the magnet generated by the upper permanent magnet 21, and the combined force of the magnetic forces on both sides is opposite to the gravity direction of the substrate 11 and equal in magnitude, so that each substrate 11 can be balanced in force and maintain a suspended state close to but not in contact. Similarly, when the skeleton 1 composed of each magnetically suspended substrate 11 is impacted by an external force, each substrate 11 will move under the influence of inertia, thereby causing the distance between adjacent substrates 11 to change and frequent contact and separation between the substrates 11.

[0057] In particular, in the magnetic suspension skeleton 1 , the movable base plate 11 at the top is only subject to gravity and the upward repulsive force generated by the permanent magnet 21 below, so that it can better maintain force balance, and a counterweight 23 can also be added to the movable base plate 11 at the top.

[0058] in, Figure 3 When the skeleton 1 connected to each other by elastic support is subjected to longitudinal impact, each spring will be extended or compressed. When subjected to lateral impact, the spring can pull each substrate 11 to maintain the structural stability of the skeleton 1 and prevent the substrates 11 in the skeleton 1 from disintegrating. Figure 4When the magnetic suspension frame 1 is subjected to longitudinal impact, the changes that occur are similar to Figure 3 The structure is the same as that of the present invention, but when each substrate 11 is subjected to a lateral impact, the position of the substrate 11 will be displaced, which will cause the failure of the magnetic suspension structure and the disintegration of the skeleton 1 structure. In order to solve this problem, in this embodiment, a limit rod 13 extending vertically upward is provided on the upper surface of the fixed substrate 11 in the magnetic suspension skeleton 1. A through hole with a larger size that allows the limit rod 13 to pass through is provided at the corresponding position in the movable substrate 11; each movable substrate 11 is connected in series to the limit rod 13. A structure that prevents the movable substrate 11 from detaching is also provided at the end of the limit rod 13; such as an end cap or another fixed substrate 11, etc. When the skeleton 1 includes two fixed substrates 11 parallel to each other, the limit rod 13 is vertically and fixedly connected to the two fixed substrates 11, and each movable substrate 11 is located between the two fixed substrates 11. The limit rod 13 can be used to suppress the lateral displacement of each substrate 11, thereby preventing the entire skeleton 1 structure from disintegrating.

[0059] In addition to using the limiting rod 13 to limit each substrate 11, thereby preventing each magnetically suspended movable substrate 11 from disintegrating when subjected to a lateral impact. Figure 5 As shown, a sleeve 24 matching the shape of the substrate 11 can also be provided outside each substrate 11, such as a cylindrical sleeve 24 for a circular substrate 11, and a square column sleeve 24 for a directional substrate 11. Each substrate 11 is accommodated inside the sleeve 24, and the sleeve 24 enables each movable substrate 11 to move only in the vertical direction. Furthermore. The sleeve 24 can also be designed as a sealed container, and the upper and lower bottoms of the sleeve 24 are used as fixed substrates 11 in the entire skeleton 1. Compared with the aforementioned limiting rod 13, the closed sleeve 24 can not only play a limiting role to prevent the magnetic suspension skeleton 1 from disintegrating. It can also play a protective effect to prevent various components loaded on the skeleton 1 from being damaged by impact or moisture aging, thereby improving the service life of the product.

[0060] In the water wave energy generator of this embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, the coil 22 and the permanent magnet 21 are embedded in the substrate 11. The coil 22 in each substrate 11 and the permanent magnet 21 on the adjacent substrate 11 form an electromagnetic generator 2. The magnetic field distribution generated by the permanent magnet 21 in each substrate 11 is uneven, and the magnetic field strength changes with the distance from the center of the substrate 11. Therefore, when the adjacent substrate 11 approaches or moves away from the substrate 11, the coil 22 on one substrate 11 is equivalent to moving in the uneven magnetic field generated by the other substrate 11, which will cause the magnetic flux in the coil 22 to change, and then generate alternating current at both ends of the coil 22. That is, each coil 22 will generate electricity when the distance between the substrate 11 where it is located and the adjacent substrate 11 changes.

[0061] It should also be noted that the water wave energy generator in this embodiment only needs to be provided with one electromagnetic generator 2 (as a manager). If only one electromagnetic generator 2 is required, two adjacent substrates 11 can be selected, a coil 22 is provided in one of them, and a permanent magnet 21 is provided in the other. On this basis, as long as the spacing between the two substrates 11 changes continuously, an alternating current can be output at both ends of the coil 22. Correspondingly, if a coil 22 and a permanent magnet 21 are provided on two adjacent substrates 11 at the same time, an electromagnetic generator 2 is formed between the coil 22 on one of the substrates 11 and the permanent magnet 21 on the other substrate 11. That is, two independent electromagnetic generators 2 can be provided on the two substrates 11. On this basis, in order to improve the power density of the entire device, coils 22 and permanent magnets 21 can be provided on all substrates 11.

[0062] It should be additionally explained that: the present embodiment provides two assembly methods for keeping the substrates 11 in the skeleton 1 spaced apart, one is elastic connection and the other is magnetic suspension. For the elastically connected skeleton 1, when selecting the stiffness coefficient of the elastic element 12 between each substrate 11, in addition to the influence of gravity and the elastic force of the spring, it is also necessary to consider the influence of the magnetic force between the permanent magnets 21 in the electromagnetic generator 2. The number of electromagnetic generators 2 in the elastically connected skeleton 1 can also be flexibly designed according to needs. In addition, in the elastically connected skeleton 1, the magnetic pole direction of the installed permanent magnet 21 may not be limited to one type, and technicians can test the influence of the magnetic pole stacking direction of each permanent magnet 21 on the actual power generation of the product through experiments, and then make a reasonable choice.

[0063] However, for the water wave energy generator using the magnetic suspension skeleton 1, since each substrate 11 has already been installed with a permanent magnet 21 for maintaining the suspension state, the permanent magnet 21 can also be used as a part of the electromagnetic generator 2, and then only one coil 22 needs to be further added to each substrate 11 to form the required electromagnetic generator 2. In order to maximize the use of each permanent magnet 21 in each substrate 11, all coils 22 should be set on all substrates 11. Different from the elastic connection skeleton 1, each permanent magnet 21 in the magnetic suspension skeleton 1 has the dual functions of electromagnetic power generation and maintaining magnetic suspension, so the magnetic pole direction of the permanent magnet 21 on adjacent substrates 11 can only be designed to be arranged in reverse.

[0064] like Figure 7As shown, in this embodiment, the upper and lower surfaces of each substrate 11 are provided with an electrode layer 32 and a friction layer 31, and the friction layer 31 faces outward. Among them, the electrode layer 32 is made of metal or composite materials, such as various metal films or coatings made of conductive composite materials. In any two adjacent substrates 11, the two friction layers 31 close to each other are respectively made of two materials with different electronegativity. For example, nylon and FEP can be used. One of nylon and FEP has a stronger electronegativity and is easy to obtain electrons, while the other has a weaker electronegativity and is easy to lose electrons. Therefore, when the two come into friction contact, charge transfer is easy to occur, that is, friction charging.

[0065] In the solution of this embodiment, the electrode layer 32 and the friction layer 31 between two adjacent active substrates 11 constitute a friction nanogenerator 3; the friction nanogenerator 3 generates electricity when the corresponding two substrates 11 are in contact or separated. In a skeleton 1 with N substrates 11, at most N-1 groups of friction nanogenerators 3 can be arranged.

[0066] Combined with the above content, it can be known that the distance between each substrate 11 in the skeleton 1 assembled by elastic connection or magnetic suspension will change under the impact of external force, and because the distance between each substrate 11 is close enough, contact and separation will frequently occur between each substrate 11. In this case, after the electrode layer 32 and the friction layer 31 are arranged on the opposite sides of two adjacent substrates 11 in this embodiment, the two friction layers 31 will generate electric energy output between the electrode layers 32 due to charge transfer during the contact and separation process.

[0067] In the scheme of this embodiment, since each substrate 11 in the skeleton 1 loaded with the electromagnetic generator 2 and the friction nanogenerator 3 is in a suspended state, once the skeleton 1 is disturbed by the outside world, in the dynamic balance process between gravity and magnetic force or elastic force, multiple up and down oscillations with gradually weakening amplitudes will occur between the substrates 11, and in each oscillation cycle, each power generation unit can generate electrical energy output. That is, the suspended skeleton 1 enables the water wave energy generator to produce a frequency doubling effect of single triggering and multiple outputs, thereby multiplying the power generation power of each power generation unit.

[0068] Performance Testing

[0069] In order to verify the technical effect of the solution provided in this embodiment, technicians manufactured samples of energy self-management power supply systems using a magnetic levitation skeleton (denoted as ESPS) as the experimental group, and compared them with three control group products including only EMG (denoted as MS-EMG), only TENG (denoted as MS-TENG), and both EMG and TENG but no management circuit (denoted as MS-HNG) to test the power generation performance of different products.

[0070] Among them, each layer of the ESPS skeleton substrate is made of acrylic material with a thickness of 1mm. Holes are punched at the four corners of each layer of the substrate and the panel position of the middle substrate by a laser cutting machine. The holes are used to limit the structural skeleton through steel rods and to embed small magnets for magnetic levitation. Multiple layers of friction nanogenerators are set inside the skeleton. Large magnets arranged in a repelling manner are placed on the top and bottom of the skeleton, and matched with corresponding circular coils to form an electromagnetic generator. In addition, a counterweight block with a certain mass is also embedded in the top substrate.

[0071] 1. Peak Power

[0072] This embodiment first tests the peak power of the ESPS using the management circuit and the MS-HNG without the management circuit. The experimental data obtained are as follows: Figure 8 shown.

[0073] analyze Figure 8 It can be found from the data that the peak power of the traditional MS-HNG is only 75.5mW, while after the management circuit is adopted in the present invention, the peak power of the ESPS reaches 261.3mW. This shows that the management circuit adopted in the present invention can maximize the performance of each power generation unit, thereby significantly improving the output power of the generator.

[0074] 2. Peak Power Density

[0075] This example further tests the peak power density of the ESPS solution of the present invention and the two control group products of MS-EMG and MS-TENG under different impedance conditions, and draws the following graphs based on the experimental data: Fig. 9 The peak power density curve is shown.

[0076] Combination Fig. 9 The experimental data show that: under the condition of impedance lower than 10kΩ, the peak power density of the product of the present invention is much higher than that of the two traditional generators. In combination with the data, it can also be found that the power density generated by the electromagnetic generator in the water wave energy collection is low, and in the whole system, the contribution of the friction nanogenerator to the power density accounts for a high proportion, which also indirectly confirms the correctness of the management circuit of the present invention selecting the electromagnetic power generation unit as the manager and all the friction nanogenerators as workers. Finally, the data in the figure also reflects that in the impedance range of 1Ω-10kΩ, the ESPS of the present invention can obtain the maximum peak power density.

[0077] 3. Frequency doubling effect

[0078] As mentioned above, after the present invention integrates EMG and TENG on a suspended skeleton, it can use the characteristic of the skeleton to oscillate with disturbance to achieve a frequency doubling effect of single triggering and multiple outputs. In this regard, technicians have verified it in experiments. The voltage output curve of the ESPS sample under disturbance is shown in the figure below. Fig.10 shown.

[0079] As can be seen from the figure, before 0.6 seconds, the EMG did not produce any output. However, when the external force triggered the device once and then stopped after 0.6 seconds, the device began to exhibit multiple oscillations due to the dynamic balance between gravity and repulsion. This shows that the magnetic levitation structure can achieve a significant mechanical gain effect. Even under low-frequency wave conditions with long wave periods, this mechanical gain effect can extend the operating time and increase the average power output by increasing the output frequency within one cycle, thereby providing a new way to effectively utilize marine energy.

[0080] 4. Frequency adaptability

[0081] In this experiment, technicians tested the output current and peak power density of the water wave energy generator of the present invention in waves of different frequencies, and plotted the following: Fig.11 The statistical graph shown.

[0082] Analyzing the data in the figure, it can be found that within the water wave frequency range of 0.5Hz to 1.0Hz, the electrical output of ESPS increases significantly with the increase of frequency. Specifically, when the frequency reaches 1Hz, ESPS can achieve a current output of 8mA and a power of 120W / m 3 The peak power density of the proposed method is 1.33 W. This result shows that the proposed method has a wide frequency adaptation range, and the "switch" can be smoothly turned on even in a low-frequency fluctuating water environment to generate effective power output. This not only verifies the stability and reliability of the system under different working conditions, but also demonstrates its great potential in actual marine energy utilization.

[0083] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy self-management power supply system, characterized in that: It includes at least one electromagnetic generator and a plurality of friction nanogenerators; the electromagnetic generator and the friction nanogenerator are installed on the same frame that can be displaced by external impact and can generate phase-coherent electrical energy output; The energy self-management power supply system also includes a management circuit, which is composed of a rectifier circuit, a Buck circuit and a buffer circuit; the Buck circuit includes an input capacitor, a storage capacitor, and a switch tube for managing the charge transfer channel between the input capacitor and the storage capacitor; one of the electromagnetic generators is selected as a manager, and its output is divided and noise-reduced by the buffer circuit as a gate-source voltage V for controlling the conduction of the switch tube GS The remaining friction nanogenerators and electromagnetic generators act as workers, and their outputs are processed by the rectifier circuit and connected to the upper and lower plates of the input capacitor to charge the storage capacitor; the upper and lower plates of the storage capacitor serve as the output ports of the energy self-management power supply system.

2. The energy self-management power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectifier circuit adopts a bridge rectifier circuit composed of four diodes; the two output ports of the friction nanogenerator and the electromagnetic generator as workers are connected to the two AC input ports of the bridge rectifier circuit.

3. The energy self-management power supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The Buck circuit consists of an input capacitor C in , NMOS switch tube NM1, storage capacitor C S , inductor L, and two diodes D0 and D1; the circuit connection relationship is: C in The upper plate of is connected to the drain of NM1 and the negative electrode of D0; the source of NM1 is connected to C through L S The upper plate; C S and C in The lower plate is connected to the positive electrode of D1; the negative electrode of D1 is connected to the positive electrode of D0 and the source of NM1; the two DC output ports of the rectifier circuit are connected to the input capacitor C in on the two plates.

4. The energy self-management power supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The buffer circuit consists of a filter capacitor C F , resistor R D And two diodes D2 and D3; the circuit connection relationship is: C F and R D After parallel connection, one end is connected to the negative electrode of D2, and the other end is connected to the positive electrode of D3; the positive electrode of D2 and the negative electrode of D3 serve as the input port of the buffer circuit and are used to connect the two output ends of the electromagnetic generator as the manager; C F The two plates serve as output ports of the buffer circuit and are used to connect the gate and source of NM1.

5. A water wave energy generator, characterized in that: It comprises a skeleton, a floating body and an energy self-management power supply system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4; the electromagnetic generator and the friction nanogenerator in the energy self-management power supply system are installed on the skeleton, and the skeleton is located in the floating body; The skeleton is composed of a plurality of mutually parallel substrates arranged horizontally; the substrate at the bottom is fixed relative to the floating body and serves as a fixed substrate; the remaining substrates serve as movable substrates, and adjacent substrates are spaced apart by elastic support or magnetic suspension; Coils and permanent magnets are embedded in the substrates; the coils in each substrate and the permanent magnets on the adjacent substrates form an electromagnetic generator, which generates electricity when the spacing between the substrate where the coil is located and the adjacent substrate changes; The upper and lower surfaces of the substrate are both provided with an electrode layer and a friction layer, and the friction layer faces outward; in any two adjacent substrates, the two friction layers close to each other are respectively made of two materials with different electronegativity; the electrode layer and the friction layer between any two adjacent active substrates constitute a friction nanogenerator; and then electricity is generated when the corresponding two substrates come into contact and separate.

6. The water wave energy generator according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the skeleton, any two substrates are supported by elastic elements to achieve spacing; the number of the elastic elements is multiple and distributed in an annular manner along the edges of each substrate; In a natural state, the forces on each substrate are balanced and two adjacent substrates are close to each other but not in contact.

7. The water wave energy generator according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the skeleton, any two substrates are spaced apart by magnetic suspension; wherein each substrate is embedded with a permanent magnet with a magnetic pole in a vertical direction, and the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets in adjacent substrates are in opposite directions; in a natural state, the forces on each substrate are balanced and the two adjacent substrates are close but not in contact.

8. The water wave energy generator according to claim 7, characterized in that: A limit rod extending vertically upward is arranged on the upper surface of the fixed base plate; a through hole with a larger size and allowing the limit rod to pass through is arranged at a corresponding position in the movable base plate; each movable base plate is connected in series to the limit rod; and a structure is arranged at the end of the limit rod to prevent the movable base plate from detaching.

9. The water wave energy generator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The frame includes two fixed base plates which are parallel to each other, the limiting rod is vertical and fixedly connected to the two fixed base plates, and each movable base plate is located between the two fixed base plates.

10. The water wave energy generator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The substrate is made of lightweight insulating material; and / or The electrode layer is made of metal or composite material; and / or The friction layers arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of each movable base plate are made of nylon and FEP respectively.

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