Solid-liquid separation process for preparing organic fertilizer from vegetable wastes and application of solid-liquid separation process

Abstract

The invention aims to disclose a solid-liquid separation process for preparing an organic fertilizer by using vegetable wastes and application of the solid-liquid separation process, the vegetable organic wastes such as trimmed branches and leaves, rotten vegetables, imperfect fruits, fresh straws and the like are firstly juiced, auxiliary materials and a microbial fermentation inoculant are added into the juice part, and a liquid enzyme fertilizer is prepared by adopting a standing fermentation process; the liquid enzyme fertilizer can be used as a synergistic fertilizer to be applied to planting of greenhouse vegetables and can also be applied to other field crops; meanwhile, the solid part is prepared into a solid organic fertilizer by adopting an aerobic composting process and can be used as a base fertilizer or a raw material of a culture medium. According to the preparation method and the application provided by the invention, the problems of resource recycling of vegetable wastes in a vegetable planting process and reduction of environmental pollution are solved, the application of the organic fertilizer can reduce the use amount of chemical fertilizers, reduce the dependence of agricultural production on the chemical fertilizers, and help to protect the balance of a soil ecosystem, so that the economic benefit is increased. The sustainable development of agriculture is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of biological fermentation, and specifically relates to a method for preparing organic fertilizer, and more specifically relates to the technical field of a method for preparing organic fertilizer by a solid-liquid separation process. Background Art

[0002] A large amount of organic waste such as pruned branches and leaves, tail vegetables, defective fruits, and fresh straw is generated during vegetable planting, transportation, and trading. Due to its high moisture content and rich nutrition, it is a high-quality raw material for organic fertilizer. However, if it is not treated in time, it will deteriorate and pollute the environment and vegetable soil. At present, the resource utilization of vegetable waste is mainly based on direct return to the field or solid composting. The low nutrient utilization rate of direct return to the field will also lead to the spread of pests and diseases; and direct composting requires the addition of a large amount of auxiliary materials due to the high moisture content, thereby increasing the volume of treatment and the treatment cost. Chinese patent (CN202410585887) discloses a new method for treating fruit and vegetable waste, which crushes the vegetable waste, performs enzymatic hydrolysis and then anaerobic digestion, and then performs solid-liquid separation. The solid part is returned to the field as organic fertilizer, and the liquid part continues to undergo aerobic digestion and then returns to the field as liquid fertilizer. The process is complex, has high requirements on equipment, and is not suitable for large-scale production. The present invention adopts microbial fermentation technology, has a high material degradation rate, a simple process, and strong operability. Summary of the invention

[0003] Regarding the fertilizer application of vegetable waste, the existing treatment methods are mainly direct return to the field and solid composting, which have low material conversion rates and high risks of pest transmission. There are no literature or patent reports on the method and application technology of preparing organic fertilizer from vegetable waste by combining solid-liquid separation technology with microbial fermentation technology. The present invention aims to provide a method and application of preparing organic fertilizer by an efficient solid-liquid separation process. The organic fertilizer preparation method provided by the present invention solves the problem of recycling vegetable waste resources in the vegetable planting process and reducing environmental pollution.

[0004] To achieve this technical purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present application provides a method for preparing organic fertilizer by solid-liquid separation process, which is prepared by the following steps: S1: Collect fresh vegetable waste materials in the silo and process them immediately to prevent the waste from rotting and mildewing; S2: Vegetable waste enters the crusher from the bottom of the silo and is sheared and crushed into slurry. The vegetable straw needs to be cut to a size of 20mm×20mm; S3: The prepared slurry is conveyed to the material barrel of the juicer by a belt, and solid-liquid separation is performed in the juicer. The liquid enters the fermentation barrel for liquid fermentation, and the solid is conveyed to the ground by a belt for stacking for solid composting; S4: Add brown sugar and microbial fermentation agent to the liquid vegetable waste material, fill the fermentation barrel with vegetable liquid and stir evenly to avoid air residue in the barrel, seal it and let it ferment, avoid direct sunlight, and seal it and let it ferment for 2-3 months; S5: Add urea and microbial decay-promoting agents to the solid residue of vegetable waste, stir evenly and pile them into strips with a width of 2m×height of 1.5m, and cover them with film for composting and fermentation. The fermentation cycle of the film-covered composting is about 40 days.

[0005] In the S1, fresh vegetable waste raw materials are collected, and leafy vegetable wastes such as cabbage, lettuce and green radish leaves are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1.

[0006] In the S1, fresh vegetable waste raw materials are collected and mixed with fresh straws of tomatoes, peppers and eggplants in a volume ratio of 1:1:1.

[0007] In the S4, 2% brown sugar and 1‰ microbial fermentation agent are added according to mass fraction to the liquid vegetable waste material.

[0008] The microbial fermentation agent is composed of plant lactobacillus ( Lactiplantibacillus plantarum )CICC 24833, Saccharomyces cerevisiae( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )CICC 1421, Acetobacter tropicalis( Acetobacter tropicalis ) CGMCC No.1.3694 and Bacillus licheniformis ( Bacillus licheniformis )CICC 10037 were activated and cultured until the total number of viable bacteria reached 10 10 CFU / ml, composed by volume ratio of 2:2:1:1.

[0009] In the S5, 1‰ urea and 2‰ microbial decay-promoting agent are added according to mass fraction to the vegetable waste solid residue material.

[0010] The microbial decay-promoting agent is composed of thermophilic Bacillus ( Bacillus thermophilum )CCTCC AB2012194, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ) CICC 20604 and mesophilic Sphingobacterium ( Sphingobacterium thalpophilum )CICC 22013 were activated and cultured until the total number of viable bacteria reached 2×10 9 CFU / ml, composed by volume ratio of 1:1:1.

[0011] The liquid fermentation tank in S4 is placed in an environment of 10-30°C.

[0012] When the core temperature in S5 rises to 60°C, the pile is turned over once.

[0013] Furthermore, the present application also provides an application of organic fertilizer prepared by a method for preparing organic fertilizer using a solid-liquid separation process in promoting plant growth and resisting premature aging.

[0014] The anti-premature aging application method is to apply the fermented enzyme fertilizer five times at 5 L / mu / time with drip irrigation during the seedling stage, flowering stage, fruit-bearing stage, peak fruit-bearing stage and fruit ripening stage of facility tomatoes and peppers.

[0015] The plant lactobacillus used in the present invention Lactiplantibacillus plantarum )CICC 24833, Saccharomyces cerevisiae( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )CICC 1421, Acetobacter tropicalis( Acetobacter tropicalis ) CGMCC No.1.3694 and Bacillus licheniformis ( Bacillus licheniformis )CICC 10037, Thermophilic Bacillus( Bacillus thermophilum )CCTCC AB 2012194, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ) CICC 20604 and mesophilic Sphingobacterium ( Sphingobacterium thalpophilum ) All seven strains of CICC 22013 are harmless and safe strains approved for use by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, among which Lactobacillus plantarum ( Lactiplantibacillus plantarum )CICC 24833, Saccharomyces cerevisiae( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )CICC 1421, Bacillus licheniformis( Bacillus licheniformis )CICC 10037 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ) CICC 20604 and mesophilic Sphingobacterium ( Sphingobacterium thalpophilum )CICC 22013 was purchased from China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CICC); Acetobacter tropicalis ( Acetobacter tropicalis )CGMCC No.1.3694 was purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC); Thermophilic Bacillus ( Bacillus thermophilum )CCTCC AB 2012194 was purchased from China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC).

[0016] By implementing the technical solution of the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be achieved: 1. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by an efficient solid-liquid separation process provided by the present application can effectively solve the technical problems of the existing fertilizer application method of vegetable waste, which has a low material conversion rate and a high risk of pest transmission, and solves the problem of resource recycling of vegetable waste in the vegetable planting process and reducing environmental pollution. The application of the organic fertilizer can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, reduce the dependence of agricultural production on chemical fertilizers, help protect the balance of the soil ecosystem, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0017] 2. The vegetable waste liquid fertilizer prepared by the technical solution provided by this application is a high-quality liquid enzyme fertilizer, which contains a large number of probiotics, rich in nutrients such as N, P, K, and trace elements such as vitamins and biotin, and can be used as a synergistic fertilizer for facility vegetables and other crops. The enzyme fertilizer can be applied with water drops, which is convenient to apply. The prepared solid organic fertilizer contains a large number of probiotics, rich in nutrients such as N, P, K, and trace elements such as vitamins and biotin, and can be used as a raw material for base fertilizer or cultivation substrate.

[0018] 3. During the fermentation of fresh straw mixed waste of tomatoes, peppers and eggplants for 0-50 days, the samples were sampled and tested. The results showed that after 50 days of fermentation, the degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the organic fertilizer produced by the process of the present invention were increased by 50.3%, 47.% and 38.6% respectively, compared with the natural composting process, and the total organic carbon and total nitrogen contents were increased by 28.1% and 31.3% respectively.

[0019] 4. The liquid fertilizer prepared by the technical solution provided by the present application is still green 10 days after the tomato and pepper fruits are harvested. However, the tomato and pepper vines without enzyme fertilizer have withered, indicating that the liquid enzyme fertilizer of the present invention has a significant effect on the anti-premature aging of greenhouse tomatoes and peppers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Shown is the technical flow chart of preparing organic fertilizer from vegetable waste using solid-liquid separation process.

[0021] Figure 2 Shown is a comparison chart of total organic carbon (TOC) measurement results.

[0022] Figure 3 Shown is a comparison chart of total nitrogen content (TN) determination results.

[0023] Figure 4 Shown is a comparison chart of pH measurement results.

[0024] Figure 5Shown is a comparison chart of carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) measurement results.

[0025] Figure 6 The figure shows the comparison of the results of cellulose content determination.

[0026] Figure 7 Shown is a comparison chart of hemicellulose (Hemiceltentulase content) determination results.

[0027] Figure 8 Shown is a comparison chart of lignin content determination results.

[0028] Figure 9 Shown is a comparison chart of seed germination rate (GI) test results. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In this embodiment, the compost temperature is monitored in real time by an automatic recorder. The determination methods of organic matter mass fraction, water content, pH value and seed germination rate (GI) of the compost product refer to NY / T525-2021 "Organic Fertilizer". The total carbon content is determined by potassium dichromate oxidation-water bath heating method, the total nitrogen content is determined by Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, and the C / N ratio is the ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen content. The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents are determined by ANKOM2000i fully automatic fiber analyzer.

[0031] Embodiment 1: A method for preparing organic fertilizer by solid-liquid separation process The present application provides a method for preparing organic fertilizer by solid-liquid separation process, which is prepared by the following steps: S1: Collect fresh vegetable waste materials in the silo and process them immediately to prevent the waste from rotting and mildewing; S2: Vegetable waste enters the crusher from the bottom of the silo and is sheared and crushed into slurry. The vegetable straw needs to be cut to a size of 20mm×20mm; S3: The prepared slurry is conveyed to the material barrel of the juicer by a belt, and solid-liquid separation is performed in the juicer. The liquid enters the fermentation barrel for liquid fermentation, and the solid is conveyed to the ground by a belt for stacking for solid composting; S4: Add brown sugar and microbial fermentation agent to the liquid vegetable waste material, fill the fermentation barrel with vegetable liquid and stir evenly to avoid air residue in the barrel, seal it and let it ferment, avoid direct sunlight, and seal it and let it ferment for 2-3 months; S5: Add urea and microbial decay-promoting agents to the solid residue of vegetable waste, stir evenly and pile them into strips with a width of 2m × height of 1.5m, and compost them for fermentation. The composting fermentation cycle is about 40 days. The technical process of preparing organic fertilizer from vegetable waste by solid-liquid separation process is shown in the attached Figure 1 .

[0032] Embodiment 2: A method for preparing organic fertilizer by solid-liquid separation process Based on the records of the above embodiment 1, a processing method for producing liquid enzyme fertilizer using leafy vegetables (1) Collected cabbage, lettuce and green radish leaves are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1, and the leafy vegetable waste is added to the silo, which is then conveyed from the silo to the crusher via a belt conveyor; (2) The leafy vegetable waste is crushed into a size of less than 20×20 mm by shearing, so that the cell contents of the crushed vegetable waste are precipitated, and the vegetable waste residues are mixed with juice to form a slurry, and most of the organic matter is fully dissolved to facilitate subsequent solid-liquid separation; (3) After the slurry enters the juicer, solid-liquid separation is carried out, and the juice enters the fermentation tank through the outlet pipe; (4) Add 2% brown sugar and 1‰ microbial fermentation agent to the material, fill the fermentation barrel with vegetable liquid and stir evenly to avoid air residue in the barrel, seal it and let it ferment. The microbial fermentation agent is Lactobacillus plantarum ( Lactiplantibacillus plantarum )CICC 24833, Saccharomyces cerevisiae( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )CICC 1421, Acetobacter tropicalis( Acetobacter tropicalis ) CGMCC No.1.3694 and Bacillus licheniformis ( Bacillus licheniformis )CICC 10037 were activated and cultured until the total number of viable bacteria reached 10 10 CFU / ml, composed by volume ratio of 2:2:1:1; (5) Fermentation is carried out in a greenhouse with a temperature between 15-30°C and a fermentation period of about 2 months. Liquid organic fertilizer is obtained. Solid vegetable residue is used for aerobic composting fermentation to produce solid organic fertilizer.

[0033] Embodiment 3: A method for preparing organic fertilizer by solid-liquid separation process Based on the records in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, solid organic fertilizer is made by mixing fresh straw of tomatoes, peppers and eggplants with waste (1) Add the collected fresh straw of tomatoes, peppers and eggplants into the silo at a volume ratio of 1:1:1, and then convey them into the crusher via a belt conveyor.

[0034] (2) The straw waste is crushed into a size of less than 20×20 mm by shearing, so that the cell contents of the crushed straw waste are precipitated, and the vegetable waste residues are mixed with juice to form a slurry, in which most of the organic matter is fully dissolved to facilitate subsequent solid-liquid separation.

[0035] (3) The vegetable residue is piled on a clean ground through the juicer outlet for aerobic composting fermentation.

[0036] (4) Add 1‰ urea and 2‰ microbial decay-promoting agent to the material, stir evenly and pile it into strips with a width and height of 2m*1.5m, and cover it with film for composting and fermentation; the microbial decay-promoting agent is composed of thermophilic Bacillus ( Bacillus thermophilum )CCTCCAB 2012194, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ) CICC 20604 and mesophilic Sphingobacterium ( Sphingobacterium thalpophilum )CICC 22013 were activated and cultured until the total number of viable bacteria reached 2×10 9 CFU / ml, composed by volume ratio of 1:1:1; (5) The fermentation cycle of film-covered composting is about 40 days. When the temperature at the core of the pile rises to 60°C, the pile should be turned over once.

[0037] Example 4: Comparison of the effects of prepared organic fertilizers Based on the records in Example 1 to Example 3, during the fermentation of tomato, pepper and eggplant fresh straw mixed waste for 0-50 days, the samples were sampled and tested. The results showed that after 50 days of fermentation, the organic fertilizer produced by the process of the present invention was compared with the natural composting process. The organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, pH value, C / N, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin degradation rate, seed germination rate (GI) related indicators in the compost product of the waste were higher than those of the control group. The degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin increased by 50.3%, 47.% and 38.6% respectively, and the total organic carbon and total nitrogen contents increased by 28.1% and 31.3% respectively. The measurement results are shown in the attached Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 3 , Attachment Figure 4 , Attachment Figure 5 , Attachment Figure 6 , Attachment Figure 7 , Attachment Figure 8 , Attachment Figure 9 shown.

[0038] Example 5: Comparison of the effects of prepared organic fertilizers Based on the records in Example 1 to Example 3, the fermented liquid fertilizer was applied 5 times at 5 L / mu / time with drip irrigation during the seedling stage, flowering stage, fruiting stage, peak fruiting stage, and fruit ripening stage of facility tomatoes and peppers. Ten days after the tomato and pepper fruit picking, the test group that applied liquid fertilizer was compared with the control group that did not apply liquid fertilizer in the greenhouse to check the browning of the seedlings. Five areas of one square meter were selected to determine the rate of browning seedlings.

[0039] Table 1: Seedling wilting rate

[0040] Based on the data recorded in the above table, the tomato and pepper vines applied with enzyme fertilizer remained green, while the tomato and pepper vines not applied with enzyme fertilizer had turned brown and began to wither, indicating that the liquid enzyme fertilizer involved in the present invention has obvious effect in preventing premature aging of greenhouse tomatoes and peppers.

[0041] The above implementation modes are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention in a specific scenario. The purpose is to enable people who need this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it. It does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing organic fertilizer by solid-liquid separation process, characterized in that: The preparation was carried out by the following steps: S1: Collect fresh vegetable waste materials in the silo and process them immediately to prevent the waste from rotting and mildewing; S2: Vegetable waste enters the crusher from the bottom of the silo and is sheared and crushed into slurry. The vegetable straw needs to be cut to a size of 20mm×20mm; S3: The prepared slurry is conveyed to the material barrel of the juicer through a belt, and the solid-liquid separation is carried out in the juicer. The liquid enters the fermentation barrel for liquid fermentation, and the solid is conveyed to the ground through a belt for stacking for solid composting; S4: Add brown sugar and microbial fermentation agent to the liquid vegetable waste material, fill the fermentation barrel with vegetable liquid and stir evenly to avoid air residue in the barrel, seal it and let it ferment, avoid direct sunlight, and seal it and let it ferment for 2-3 months; S5: Add urea and microbial decay-promoting agents to the solid residue of vegetable waste, stir evenly and pile them into strips with a width of 2m×height of 1.5m, and cover them with film for composting and fermentation. The fermentation cycle of film-covered composting is about 40 days.

2. A method for preparing organic fertilizer by a solid-liquid separation process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, In the S1, fresh vegetable waste raw materials are collected, and leafy vegetable wastes such as cabbage, lettuce and green radish leaves are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:

1.

3. A method for preparing organic fertilizer by a solid-liquid separation process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, In the S1, fresh vegetable waste raw materials are collected and mixed with fresh straws of tomatoes, peppers and eggplants in a volume ratio of 1:1:

1.

4. A method for preparing organic fertilizer by a solid-liquid separation process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, In the S4, 2% brown sugar and 1‰ microbial fermentation agent are added to the liquid vegetable waste material according to mass fraction.

5. A method for preparing organic fertilizer by a solid-liquid separation process as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that, The microbial fermentation agent is composed of plant lactobacillus ( Lactiplantibacillus plantarum )CICC 24833, Saccharomyces cerevisiae( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )CICC 1421, Acetobacter tropicalis( Acetobacter tropicalis ) CGMCC No.1.3694 and Bacillus licheniformis ( Bacillus licheniformis )CICC 10037 were activated and cultured until the total number of viable bacteria reached 10 10 CFU / ml, composed by volume ratio of 2:2:1:

1.

6. The method for preparing organic fertilizer by a solid-liquid separation process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the S5, 1‰ urea and 2‰ microbial decay-promoting agent are added according to mass fraction to the vegetable waste solid residue material.

7. A method for preparing organic fertilizer by a solid-liquid separation process as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that, The microbial decay-promoting agent is composed of thermophilic Bacillus ( Bacillus thermophilum )CCTCC AB 2012194, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ) CICC 20604 and mesophilic Sphingobacterium ( Sphingobacterium thalpophilum ) CICC 22013 were activated and cultured until the total number of viable bacteria reached 2×10 9 CFU / ml, composed by volume ratio of 1:1:

1.

8. A method for preparing organic fertilizer by a solid-liquid separation process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid fermentation tank in S4 is placed in an environment of 10-30°C.

9. A method for preparing organic fertilizer by a solid-liquid separation process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, When the core temperature in S5 rises to 60°C, the pile is turned over once.

10. Use of the organic fertilizer prepared by the method for preparing organic fertilizer by a solid-liquid separation process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 in promoting plant growth and resisting premature aging.

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