Method for accelerating straw degradation in composting process

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for accelerating straw degradation in a composting process, and belongs to the technical field of compost degradation. The invention aims to solve the difficult problem of slow straw degradation in the composting process, including the technical problems of high difficulty in degrading cellulose and hemicellulose and complex process. The invention provides a method for accelerating straw degradation in a composting process. Mecobalamin is added in the composting process for a fermentation reaction. The efficient and green utilization of the straws is realized, the ecological environment is improved, and the environmental pollution treatment is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of composting degradation, and in particular relates to a method for accelerating the degradation of straw in a composting process. Background Art

[0002] As a large agricultural country with huge straw resources, China has vigorously promoted the comprehensive utilization of straw and promoted the efficiency of the straw comprehensive utilization industry. Aerobic composting technology is a common method for processing straw resources. Its products can be used as fertilizers, which helps to increase the content of soil organic matter and crop yields, thereby realizing the effective reuse of biomass resources. However, the decomposition rate of straw during the composting process is relatively slow, which is mainly due to its unique chemical composition and structural characteristics. Straw is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and a small amount of other substances. Cellulose, as a macromolecular polysaccharide, can theoretically be quickly degraded into monosaccharides by enzymes such as cellulase exonuclease, cellulase endonuclease, β-glucosidase secreted by microorganisms, and then further metabolized and utilized. However, the cellulose and hemicellulose in the straw are tightly combined to form a complex network structure, which leads to slow degradation of the straw. It has been found that carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase, filter paper enzyme and other enzymes have the ability to degrade cellulose, and xylanase, galactosidase, arabinosidase and other enzymes have the ability to degrade hemicellulose. Therefore, the degradation of straw requires the rapid synergistic action of multiple enzymes, which is not something that a single microorganism can accomplish independently. It requires the coordinated cooperation of multiple microorganisms to achieve rapid straw degradation. The process is relatively complex, and the selection of different enzymes or microorganisms and their types and amounts is also very complicated. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the invention is to solve the difficult problem of slow degradation of straw during composting and the technical problem that degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose is difficult and complicated.

[0004] The invention provides a method for accelerating the degradation of straw in a composting process. Methylcobalamin is added in the composting process to carry out a fermentation reaction.

[0005] It is further defined that the amount of methylcobalamin added accounts for 0.01%-0.1% of the mass of the compost material.

[0006] It is further defined that the compost material is corn stalks which are commonly found in farmland and are difficult to degrade.

[0007] It is further defined that the straw consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein, crude ash and water.

[0008] It is further defined that the composting method is to select corn stalks for aerobic composting, take chicken manure as a nitrogen source, and adjust the C / N ratio for fermentation.

[0009] It is further defined that before fermentation begins, the initial C / N of the compost is adjusted to 25 and the moisture content is controlled at 60%.

[0010] It is further defined that the aeration volume of the fermentation reaction is maintained at 0.5 L / min and the aeration time is 6 hours.

[0011] It is further defined that the number of days for composting is 60 days.

[0012] It is further defined that the criterion for determining the termination of composting is that when the germination index exceeds 80%, the compost product is completely decomposed and composting is stopped.

[0013] The present invention provides an application of the above method in degrading cellulose and hemicellulose.

[0014] Beneficial effects: The present invention accelerates the degradation of straw by exogenously adding methylcobalamin, significantly improves the conversion efficiency of difficult-to-degrade agricultural waste straw, helps to achieve efficient and green utilization of straw, improves the ecological environment, promotes environmental pollution control, and simplifies the composting degradation process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is the cellulose content (%) in the control group and the compost sample with 0.01% methylcobalamin added;

[0016] Figure 2 is the content of hemicellulose in the control group and the compost sample with 0.01% methylcobalamin added (%);

[0017] Figure 3 is the cellulose content (%) in the control group and the compost sample with 0.1% methylcobalamin added;

[0018] Figure 4 The content (%) of hemicellulose in the control group and the compost sample with 0.1% methylcobalamin added. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The brand of methylcobalamin is MacLean M812748.

[0020] Example 1: Application of 0.01% methylcobalamin in aerobic straw composting

[0021] In this experiment, two kinds of organic solid waste, straw and chicken manure, were selected for testing to explore the ability of methylcobalamin to accelerate the degradation of straw compost during the straw composting process.

[0022] The composting experiment used chicken manure waste and corn straw as raw materials, which were taken from the College of Animal Science of Northeast Agricultural University and the farm of Northeast Agricultural University respectively.

[0023] Cut the straw into 3-5cm and set aside; air-dry the fresh chicken manure to remove impurities such as hair from the manure and set aside as a nitrogen source; purchase methylcobalamin and dissolve it in a spray bottle and set aside.

[0024] 1. Take straw and use chicken manure to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) of the initial compost material, that is, the ratio of organic carbon content (%) to total nitrogen content (%) is 25, and the initial moisture content is adjusted to 60%, and this moisture condition is maintained throughout the composting process.

[0025] There were two treatment groups in the experiment, one was normal straw compost; the other was straw compost + 0.01% methylcobalamin; four parallels were set for each treatment.

[0026] 2. Spray the dissolved methylcobalamin evenly on the surface of the straw and chicken manure in the experimental group in step 1, mix evenly, and place the mixed materials in a fermentation bottle.

[0027] 3. During the composting process, aerate the room for 6 hours a day, turn the pile regularly and add water.

[0028] 4. After composting for 60 days, measure the cellulose and hemicellulose contents of the initial and 60-day samples.

[0029] The experimental results are shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 This example proves that adding 0.01% methylcobalamin during corn straw composting can significantly accelerate the degradation rate of cellulose and hemicellulose in corn straw. After 60 days of composting, the cellulose degradation rate of the control group was 19.23%, and the cellulose degradation rate of the 0.01% methylcobalamin treatment group was 46.53%, an increase of 142.0%; the hemicellulose degradation rate of the control group was 37.13%, and the hemicellulose degradation rate of the 0.01% methylcobalamin treatment group was 49.73%, an increase of 33.93%. Therefore, adding 0.01% methylcobalamin during straw composting can significantly promote the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, thereby accelerating the degradation rate of straw.

[0030] The formula for degradation rate: (cellulose or hemicellulose content at 0 days - cellulose or hemicellulose content at 60 days) / cellulose or hemicellulose content at 0 days.

[0031] Example 2: Application of 0.1% methylcobalamin in aerobic straw composting

[0032] In this experiment, two kinds of organic solid waste, straw and chicken manure, were selected for testing to explore the ability of methylcobalamin to accelerate the degradation of straw compost during the straw composting process.

[0033] The composting experiment used chicken manure waste and corn straw as raw materials, which were taken from the College of Animal Science of Northeast Agricultural University and the farm of Northeast Agricultural University respectively.

[0034] Cut the straw into 3-5cm and set aside; air-dry the fresh chicken manure to remove impurities such as hair from the manure and set aside as a nitrogen source; purchase methylcobalamin and dissolve it in a spray bottle and set aside.

[0035] 1. Take 1.2 kg of straw and use chicken manure to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) of the initial compost material, that is, the ratio of organic carbon content (%) to total nitrogen content (%) is 25, adjust the initial moisture content to 60%, and maintain this moisture condition throughout the composting process.

[0036] There were two treatment groups in the experiment, one was normal straw composting; the other was straw composting + 0.1% methylcobalamin; four parallels were set for each treatment.

[0037] 2. Spray the dissolved methylcobalamin evenly on the surface of the straw and chicken manure in the experimental group in step 1, mix evenly, and place the mixed materials in a fermentation bottle.

[0038] 3. During the composting process, aerate the room for 6 hours a day, turn the pile regularly and add water.

[0039] 4. After composting for 60 days, measure the cellulose and hemicellulose contents of the initial and 60-day samples.

[0040] The experimental results are shown in Figure 3 , Figure 4 This example proves that adding 0.1% methylcobalamin during corn straw composting can significantly accelerate the cellulose degradation rate of corn straw. After 60 days of composting, the cellulose degradation rate of the control group was 19.23%, and the cellulose degradation rate of the 0.01% methylcobalamin treatment group was 28.59%, an increase of 48.67%; the hemicellulose degradation rate of the control group was 37.13%, and the hemicellulose degradation rate of the 0.01% methylcobalamin treatment group was 41.44%, an increase of 11.52%. Therefore, adding 0.1% methylcobalamin during straw composting can also promote the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, but compared with the 0.01% addition, the straw degradation rate of adding low concentrations of methylcobalamin is higher.

Claims

1. A method for accelerating the degradation of straw during composting, characterized in that: Methylcobalamin is added during the composting process to initiate the fermentation reaction.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The amount of methylcobalamin added accounts for 0.01%-0.1% of the mass of the compost material.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The compost material is corn stalks which are commonly found in farmland and are difficult to degrade.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that Straw is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein, crude ash and water.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The composting method is to select corn straw for aerobic composting, take chicken manure as a nitrogen source, and adjust the C / N ratio for fermentation.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that Before fermentation begins, the initial compost C / N is adjusted to 25 and the moisture content is controlled at 60%.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The aeration volume of the fermentation reaction was maintained at 0.5 L / min and the aeration time was 6 hours.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The composting period is 60 days.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The criterion for the termination of composting is: when the germination index exceeds 80%, the compost product is fully mature and composting stops.

10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in degrading cellulose and hemicellulose.

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