Energetic compound based on Pickering emulsion template method, synthetic method and application

Abstract

The invention provides an energetic compound based on a Pickering emulsion template method as well as a synthesis method and application of the energetic compound. According to the invention, the nano-catalyst with relatively good catalytic activity on the biradical propellant is selected, and the nano-catalyst is subjected to surface modification and then is used as the Pickering emulsion stabilizer. The preparation method comprises the following steps: taking dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, toluene and other solutions dissolved with an energetic compound cyclo-hexogen or octogen as a first liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion, taking a nano-catalyst dispersion liquid as a second liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion, mixing the first liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion with the second liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion, and preparing the Pickering emulsion under the action of ultrasonic or high-speed shearing. According to the invention, the energetic composite material is constructed by adopting a Pickering emulsion template method, and after the nano emulsifier is embedded on the surface of the energetic compound, the catalytic combustion performance of the nano emulsifier is improved, and the morphology control of the energetic compound is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of solid propellants and relates to an energetic composite, in particular to an energetic composite based on a Pickering emulsion template method, a synthesis method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Solid propellant is the power source of missile engines, and its combustion performance directly affects the delivery distance, combat effectiveness and survivability of missile weapons. Burning rate and pressure index are two important characteristic parameters for measuring the combustion performance of solid propellant. Weapon systems generally require propellants to have combustion characteristics with a wide burning rate adjustment range and a low pressure index, and combustion catalysts are the indispensable functional materials for adjusting the burning rate and pressure index of solid propellants.

[0003] Advances in nanomaterial technology have promoted the development of nanocombustion catalysts. The unique small size effect and surface effect make nanocatalysts show extremely high catalytic activity, and the reduced usage also helps to improve the energy level of the propellant. However, the huge surface energy of nanocatalysts makes them very easy to agglomerate to form secondary particles. In addition, nanocatalysts are easy to migrate and lose in propellants, which affects the performance of their advantageous performance.

[0004] Pickering emulsion is an emulsion system in which a solid particle stabilizer is dispersed in an oil-water phase. Compared with traditional emulsions, Pickering emulsion has the advantages of strong interfacial stability, reduced foaming, reproducibility, low toxicity and low cost. It has been widely used in industries such as cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, petroleum and wastewater treatment, but is rarely used in the field of solid propellants. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an energetic composite, a synthesis method and an application based on the Pickering emulsion template method, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art that nanoscale catalysts have poor dispersion performance in solid propellants, weak interaction with energetic compounds, and are easily lost during the process, resulting in poor combustion performance of solid propellants.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above problems:

[0007] An energetic composite based on a Pickering emulsion template method comprises an energetic compound and an emulsifier; the energetic compound is selected from one or both of RDX and octogenin; the emulsifier is a non-modified emulsifier or a modified emulsifier; the non-modified emulsifier is selected from one or more of nano metal oxides, graphene-metal oxide composites, and graphene metal complexes; the modified emulsifier is selected from one or more of modified nano metal oxides, modified graphene-metal oxide composites, and modified graphene metal complexes.

[0008] The present invention also has the following technical features:

[0009] Specifically, the nano metal oxide is selected from one or more of nano lead oxide, nano copper oxide and nano nickel oxide; the graphene-metal oxide composite is selected from one or more of graphene-lead oxide composite, graphene-copper oxide composite and graphene-nickel oxide composite; the graphene metal complex is selected from one or more of graphene-Schiff base lead complex, graphene-Schiff base copper complex, graphene-Schiff base nickel complex, graphene-organic acid lead complex, graphene-organic acid copper complex and graphene-organic acid nickel complex.

[0010] Specifically, the modified nano metal oxide is selected from one or more of stearic acid-modified nano lead oxide, stearic acid-modified nano copper oxide, stearic acid-modified nano nickel oxide, silane coupling agent-modified nano lead oxide, silane coupling agent-modified nano copper oxide, and silane coupling agent-modified nano nickel oxide; the modified graphene-metal oxide composite is selected from one or more of stearic acid-modified graphene-lead oxide composite, stearic acid-modified graphene-copper oxide composite, stearic acid-modified graphene-nickel oxide composite, silane coupling agent-modified graphene-lead oxide composite, silane coupling agent-modified graphene-copper oxide composite, and silane coupling agent-modified graphene-nickel oxide composite; the modified The graphene metal complex is selected from one or more of stearic acid-modified graphene-Schiff base lead complex, stearic acid-modified graphene-Schiff base copper complex, stearic acid-modified graphene-Schiff base nickel complex, stearic acid-modified graphene-organic acid lead complex, stearic acid-modified graphene-organic acid copper complex, stearic acid-modified graphene-organic acid nickel complex, silane coupling agent-modified graphene-Schiff base lead complex, silane coupling agent-modified graphene-Schiff base copper complex, silane coupling agent-modified graphene-Schiff base nickel complex, silane coupling agent-modified graphene-organic acid lead complex, silane coupling agent-modified graphene-organic acid copper complex and silane coupling agent-modified graphene-organic acid nickel complex.

[0011] Specifically, the mass ratio of the emulsifier to the energetic compound is 1:(10-1000).

[0012] Specifically, the energetic complex consists of a first liquid phase of a Pickering emulsion and a second liquid phase of a Pickering emulsion; the first liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion consists of an energetic compound and a first solvent; the second liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion consists of an emulsifier and a second solvent; the first solvent is selected from one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate and toluene; and the second solvent is cyclohexane.

[0013] Specifically, the volume ratio of the first liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion to the second liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion is (1-5): (1-5).

[0014] Specifically, the particle size of the nano metal oxide is 10 to 30 nm.

[0015] The present invention also protects a method for synthesizing an energetic composite based on the Pickering emulsion template method as described above, the method comprising: dissolving an energetic compound in a first solvent to obtain a first liquid phase of a Pickering emulsion; ultrasonically dispersing an emulsifier in a second solvent to obtain a second liquid phase of a Pickering emulsion; mixing the first liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion and the second liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion, and stirring at a rotation speed of 15,000 to 20,000 rpm for 2 to 3 minutes to obtain an energetic composite.

[0016] Specifically, the preparation process of the modified emulsifier includes: ultrasonically dispersing a non-modified emulsifier in a solvent to obtain an emulsifier dispersion; dissolving a modifier in a solvent at 40 to 70° C. to obtain a modifier solution, wherein the modifier is stearic acid or a silane coupling agent; mixing the emulsifier dispersion with the modifier solution, reacting at 40 to 70° C. for 1 to 3 hours, and obtaining a modified emulsifier after centrifugation and washing.

[0017] Specifically, the solvent is ethanol.

[0018] The present invention also protects the use of the energetic composite based on the Pickering emulsion template method as described above as an energetic component to partially replace simple explosives in double-base propellants.

[0019] Specifically, calculated on a dry weight basis, the amount of the energetic composite based on the Pickering emulsion template method added to the double-base propellant is 5 to 15.75 wt.%.

[0020] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0021] (I) The present invention adopts the Pickering emulsion template method to construct an energetic composite material, and uses a surface-modified nanocatalyst as an emulsifier for the Pickering emulsion. The nanoemulsifier is stable at the interface between the two phases, and the structure of the composite after curing can be controlled by adjusting the emulsion properties, thereby promoting the dispersion of the nano-scale catalyst, solving the problem of easy loss of the nanocatalyst, achieving efficient contact between the nanocatalyst and the energetic compound, and enhancing the interaction between the catalyst and the energetic compound, so that the nanocatalyst can give full play to its advantageous performance, thereby improving the combustion performance of the solid propellant. The energetic composite material synthesized based on the Pickering emulsion template method can replace part of RDX and HMX as a functional composite.

[0022] (II) The present invention adopts the Pickering emulsion template method to construct an energetic composite material, which improves the combustion performance of the solid propellant while reducing the amount of inert catalyst used; in addition, the introduction of the graphene-based catalyst helps to reduce the sensitivity of the solid propellant, thereby helping to improve the mechanical and safety properties of the solid propellant, and has good application potential in the field of solid propellants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a technical route for the synthesis of energetic complexes based on the Pickering emulsion template method.

[0024] Figure 2 This is the morphology of the Pickering emulsion droplets stabilized by stearic acid-modified nano-copper oxide in Example 1.

[0025] Figure 3 This is the morphology of the Pickering emulsion droplets stabilized by stearic acid-modified nano-nickel oxide in Example 2.

[0026] Figure 4 This is the morphology of the Pickering emulsion droplets stabilized by nano-copper oxide modified by silane coupling agent in Example 3.

[0027] Figure 5 This is the morphology of the Pickering emulsion droplets stabilized by the graphene nickel gallate complex of Example 4.

[0028] Figure 6 is the differential scanning calorimetry curve of the energetic composite after curing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical route of the present invention is as follows Figure 1 The specific technical ideas are as follows:

[0030] Based on the efficient catalyst for the combustion of double-base propellants, nano metal oxides, graphene-metal oxide composites and graphene metal complexes can be selected as nanoemulsifiers. Among them, nano metal oxides can be selected from nano lead oxide, copper oxide, and nickel oxide; graphene-metal oxide composites can be selected from graphene-lead oxide composites, graphene-copper oxide composites and graphene-nickel oxide composites; graphene metal complexes can use graphene-Schiff base metal (lead, copper, nickel) complexes and graphene-organic acid metal (lead, copper, nickel) complexes.

[0031] Considering the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the nanoemulsifier, the nanoemulsifier may be further surface-modified.

[0032] Taking into account the solubility of elemental energetic compounds RDX and HMX in organic solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate, toluene, etc. can be selected as the solvent of the first liquid phase. After dissolving RDX and HMX, the first liquid phase is prepared. A solvent incompatible with the solvent of the first liquid phase is selected as the solvent of the second liquid phase, and the nanocatalyst is ultrasonically dispersed therein as the second liquid phase.

[0033] The prepared first liquid phase and the second liquid phase are mixed, the volume ratio of the first liquid phase to the second liquid phase is between 1:5 and 5:1, and the mass percentage of the nanoemulsifier to the energetic compound RDX (HMX) is between 0.001 and 0.1. The mixed liquid is placed in a beaker, and a stable Pickering emulsion is prepared by ultrasound or high-speed shearing, and the nanoemulsifier is dispersed at the interface of the two phases. The RDX / HMX-based energetic complex can be further prepared by solvent evaporation, freeze drying and spray granulation.

[0034] It should be noted that all raw materials used in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are raw materials known in the art or raw materials synthesized and reported by the inventor's project, for example:

[0035] Graphene nickel gallate complex is a known complex in the prior art, which is recorded in the literature Theory-driven design of graphene-nickel gallate nanocomplex as functional catalyst for composite modified double base propellant (Ming Zhang, Fengqi Zhao, XiuduoSong, Zhifeng Yuan, Ting An, Yanjing Yang, Ying Wang, Xueli Chen, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 87 (2024) 496-504).

[0036] In accordance with the above technical scheme, specific embodiments of the present invention are given below. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical scheme of this application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] Embodiment 1:

[0038] The present embodiment provides a method for synthesizing an energetic complex based on a Pickering emulsion template method, the method comprising the following steps: dissolving 0.5 g of octogen (HMX) in 10 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to obtain a first liquid phase of a Pickering emulsion, wherein the final concentration of octogen in the first liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion is 0.05 g / mL; ultrasonically dispersing 0.05 g of stearic acid-modified nano-copper oxide in 10 mL of cyclohexane to obtain a second liquid phase of a Pickering emulsion, wherein the final concentration of stearic acid-modified nano-copper oxide in the second liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion is 5 mg / mL; mixing 10 mL of the first liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion and 10 mL of the second liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion, stirring the mixture in an ultra-speed emulsifier at a speed of 20,000 rpm for 2 min, and obtaining an energetic complex in an emulsion state.

[0039] In this embodiment, the preparation process of stearic acid-modified nano copper oxide includes: ultrasonically dispersing 1g of nano copper oxide (Aladdin, 20nm) in 30mL of ethanol to obtain a nano copper oxide ethanol dispersion; dissolving 0.01g of stearic acid in 55°C ethanol (20mL) to obtain a stearic acid ethanol solution; mixing the above-prepared nano copper oxide ethanol dispersion with the stearic acid ethanol solution, and then reacting at 55°C for 2h, and after centrifugation, ethanol washing, and drying, stearic acid-modified nano copper oxide is obtained.

[0040] In the emulsion-like energetic composite finally prepared in this embodiment, the mass ratio of stearic acid-modified nano-copper oxide to octogen is 1:10. Figure 2 This is a morphology image of the emulsion droplets taken with an optical microscope. It can be seen that the emulsion has good stability. The nano-copper oxide modified by the silane coupling agent is evenly dispersed at the interface between the two phases. The HMX-based composite with the nano-copper oxide modified by the silane coupling agent embedded on the surface can be further obtained by curing methods such as solvent evaporation.

[0041] Embodiment 2:

[0042] The present embodiment provides a method for synthesizing an energetic complex based on a Pickering emulsion template method, the method comprising the following steps: dissolving 0.5 g of octogen (HMX) in 10 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to obtain a first liquid phase of a Pickering emulsion, wherein the final concentration of octogen in the first liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion is 0.05 g / mL; ultrasonically dispersing 0.05 g of stearic acid-modified nano-nickel oxide in 10 mL of cyclohexane to obtain a second liquid phase of a Pickering emulsion, wherein the final concentration of stearic acid-modified nano-nickel oxide in the second liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion is 5 mg / mL; mixing 10 mL of the first liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion and 10 mL of the second liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion, stirring the mixture in an ultra-speed emulsifier at a speed of 15,000 rpm for 2 min, and obtaining an energetic complex in an emulsion state.

[0043] In this embodiment, the preparation process of stearic acid-modified nano-nickel oxide includes: ultrasonically dispersing 1g of nano-nickel oxide (commercially available) in 30mL of ethanol to prepare a nano-nickel oxide ethanol dispersion; dissolving 0.01g of stearic acid in 55°C ethanol (20mL) to prepare a stearic acid ethanol solution; mixing the above-prepared nano-nickel oxide ethanol dispersion with the stearic acid ethanol solution, and then reacting at 55°C for 2h, and after centrifugation, ethanol washing, and drying, stearic acid-modified nano-nickel oxide is obtained.

[0044] In the emulsion-like energetic composite finally prepared in this embodiment, the mass ratio of stearic acid-modified nano-nickel oxide to octogen is 1:10. Figure 3 This is a morphology image of the emulsion droplets taken with an optical microscope. It can be seen that the emulsion has good stability and can be further cured by solvent evaporation and other curing methods to obtain HMX-based composites.

[0045] Embodiment 3:

[0046] The present embodiment provides a method for synthesizing an energetic complex based on a Pickering emulsion template method, the method comprising the following steps: dissolving 0.5 g of RDX in 10 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to obtain a first liquid phase of a Pickering emulsion, wherein the final concentration of RDX in the first liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion is 0.05 g / mL; ultrasonically dispersing 0.05 g of nano-copper oxide modified by a silane coupling agent in 10 mL of cyclohexane to obtain a second liquid phase of a Pickering emulsion, wherein the final concentration of nano-copper oxide modified by a silane coupling agent in the second liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion is 5 mg / mL; mixing 10 mL of the first liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion and 10 mL of the second liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion, stirring the mixture in an ultra-speed emulsifier at a speed of 20,000 rpm for 3 min, and obtaining an energetic complex in an emulsion state.

[0047] In this embodiment, the preparation process of the silane coupling agent modified nano copper oxide includes: dissolving silane coupling agent KH-550 (2 mL) into 20 mL of ethanol solution to obtain a silane coupling agent ethanol solution; ultrasonically dispersing nano copper oxide (2 g) into 30 mL of ethanol to obtain a copper oxide ethanol dispersion; mixing the above-prepared silane coupling agent ethanol solution with the copper oxide ethanol dispersion, adjusting the pH value to 3-4 for hydrolysis for 1 hour, and then reacting at 55° C. for 2 hours, and after centrifugation, ethanol washing, and drying, the silane coupling agent modified nano copper oxide is obtained.

[0048] In the energetic composite in the form of an emulsion finally prepared in this embodiment, the mass ratio of the nano copper oxide modified by the silane coupling agent to the RDX is 1:10. Figure 4 This is a morphology image of the emulsion droplets taken through an optical microscope. The RDX-based composite can be further obtained through solidification methods such as solvent evaporation.

[0049] Embodiment 4:

[0050] This embodiment provides a method for synthesizing an energetic complex based on a Pickering emulsion template method, the method comprising the following steps: dissolving 0.05 g of octogen (HMX) in 10 mL of ethyl acetate to obtain a first liquid phase of a Pickering emulsion, wherein the final concentration of octogen in the first liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion is 5 mg / mL; ultrasonically dispersing 0.025 g of a graphene-nickel gallate complex in 10 mL of water to obtain a second liquid phase of a Pickering emulsion, wherein the final concentration of graphene-nickel gallate in the second liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion is 2.5 mg / mL; mixing 10 mL of the first liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion and 10 mL of the second liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion, stirring the mixture in an ultra-speed emulsifier at a speed of 20,000 rpm for 2 min, to obtain an energetic complex in an emulsion state.

[0051] In the emulsion-like energetic composite finally obtained in this embodiment, the mass ratio of the graphene nickel gallate complex to octogen is 1:2. Figure 5 The morphology of the emulsion droplets taken with an optical microscope can be further used to obtain RDX-based composites through solidification methods such as solvent evaporation.

[0052] Embodiment 5:

[0053] This example shows the use of the energetic composite prepared in Example 2 as an energetic component to partially replace simple explosives in double-base propellants. The application includes: spray-drying the emulsion-like energetic composite prepared in Example 2 at a temperature of 180° C. to obtain a solid energetic composite.

[0054] In this example, the thermal decomposition performance of the above-mentioned solid energetic composite was studied, and the results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown. Figure 6 It can be seen that after being compounded with stearic acid-modified nano-nickel oxide, the decomposition peak temperature of Octogen decreased from 282.6°C to 280.5°C, and the decomposition heat release increased from 309.5 J / g to 1823.3 J / g, indicating that the compounding with nano-nickel oxide promoted the decomposition of HMX. From the above results, it can be seen that as the first step of combustion, the promotion of the thermal decomposition of Octogen helps it to decompose more quickly and completely in the propellant, thereby improving the combustion performance of the propellant.

[0055] In this embodiment, the formula of the double-base propellant is as follows:

[0056] Table 1. Solid propellant formulation composition

[0057]

Claims

1. An energetic composite based on Pickering emulsion template method, characterized in that: Includes energetic compounds and emulsifiers; The energetic compound is selected from one or two of RDX and octogen; The emulsifier is a non-modified emulsifier or a modified emulsifier; The non-modified emulsifier is selected from one or more of nano metal oxides, graphene-metal oxide composites, and graphene metal complexes; The modified emulsifier is selected from one or more of modified nano metal oxides, modified graphene-metal oxide composites, and modified graphene metal complexes.

2. The energetic composite based on Pickering emulsion template method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nano metal oxide is selected from one or more of nano lead oxide, nano copper oxide and nano nickel oxide; The graphene-metal oxide composite is selected from one or more of a graphene-lead oxide composite, a graphene-copper oxide composite and a graphene-nickel oxide composite; The graphene metal complex is selected from one or more of graphene-Schiff base lead complex, graphene-Schiff base copper complex, graphene-Schiff base nickel complex, graphene-organic acid lead complex, graphene-organic acid copper complex and graphene-organic acid nickel complex; The modified nano metal oxide is selected from one or more of stearic acid-modified nano lead oxide, stearic acid-modified nano copper oxide, stearic acid-modified nano nickel oxide, silane coupling agent-modified nano lead oxide, silane coupling agent-modified nano copper oxide, and silane coupling agent-modified nano nickel oxide; The modified graphene-metal oxide composite is selected from one or more of a stearic acid-modified graphene-lead oxide composite, a stearic acid-modified graphene-copper oxide composite, a stearic acid-modified graphene-nickel oxide composite, a silane coupling agent-modified graphene-lead oxide composite, a silane coupling agent-modified graphene-copper oxide composite, and a silane coupling agent-modified graphene-nickel oxide composite; The modified graphene metal complex is selected from one or more of stearic acid-modified graphene-Schiff base lead complex, stearic acid-modified graphene-Schiff base copper complex, stearic acid-modified graphene-Schiff base nickel complex, stearic acid-modified graphene-organic acid lead complex, stearic acid-modified graphene-organic acid copper complex, stearic acid-modified graphene-organic acid nickel complex, silane coupling agent-modified graphene-Schiff base lead complex, silane coupling agent-modified graphene-Schiff base copper complex, silane coupling agent-modified graphene-Schiff base nickel complex, silane coupling agent-modified graphene-organic acid lead complex, silane coupling agent-modified graphene-organic acid copper complex and silane coupling agent-modified graphene-organic acid nickel complex.

3. The energetic complex based on Pickering emulsion template method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the emulsifier to the energetic compound is 1:(10-1000).

4. The energetic complex based on Pickering emulsion template method according to claim 1, characterized in that: It consists of a Pickering emulsion first liquid phase and a Pickering emulsion second liquid phase; the Pickering emulsion first liquid phase consists of an energy-containing compound and a first solvent; the Pickering emulsion second liquid phase consists of an emulsifier and a second solvent; The first solvent is selected from one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate and toluene; The second solvent is cyclohexane.

5. The energetic complex based on Pickering emulsion template method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume ratio of the first liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion to the second liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion is (1-5): (1-5).

6. The energetic complex based on Pickering emulsion template method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the nano metal oxide is 10-30nm.

7. A method for synthesizing an energetic complex based on the Pickering emulsion template method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method comprises: dissolving an energetic compound in a first solvent to obtain a first liquid phase of a Pickering emulsion; ultrasonically dispersing an emulsifier in a second solvent to obtain a second liquid phase of a Pickering emulsion; mixing the first liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion and the second liquid phase of the Pickering emulsion, and stirring at a rotation speed of 15,000 to 20,000 rpm for 2 to 3 minutes to obtain an energetic composite.

8. The method for synthesizing an energetic complex based on the Pickering emulsion template method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The preparation process of the modified emulsifier includes: ultrasonically dispersing a non-modified emulsifier in a solvent to obtain an emulsifier dispersion; dissolving a modifier in a solvent at 40 to 70° C. to obtain a modifier solution, wherein the modifier is stearic acid or a silane coupling agent; mixing the emulsifier dispersion with the modifier solution, reacting at 40 to 70° C. for 1 to 3 hours, and obtaining a modified emulsifier after centrifugation and washing.

9. The method for synthesizing an energetic complex based on the Pickering emulsion template method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The solvent is ethanol.

10. Use of the energetic composite based on the Pickering emulsion template method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 as an energetic component to partially replace simple explosives in double-base propellants.

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