Working condition self-adjusting flame self-stabilizing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen torch type electric igniter

Abstract

The invention discloses a working condition self-adjusting flame self-stabilizing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen torch type electric igniter which comprises a head part, a body part and a cover plate. The downstream of the head part and the inner cavity of the body part form a combustion chamber; the cover plate and the outer wall surfaces of the head part and the body part form a hydrogen collection cavity; the head part is integrated with an oxygen collection cavity, an oxygen nozzle, an ignition plug interface and a hydrogen nozzle; the diameter of the oxygen nozzle is designed according to the gas state of the oxygen medium, an adjusting plug body is arranged in the oxygen nozzle, the adjusting plug body is conical, the oxygen medium is throttled at the position of a circular ring formed by the conical surface of the adjusting plug body and the oxygen nozzle, and the oxygen nozzle has different throttling areas by changing the insertion depth of the adjusting plug body in the oxygen nozzle. And the downstream of the body part is provided with the flame stabilizing concave cavity, so that the gas and the cooled liquid hydrogen form a backflow vortex in the flame stabilizing concave cavity for mixing and afterburning, and the stability and the uniformity of the flame at the outlet of the igniter are improved. The invention has the characteristics of working condition adjustment, flame self-stabilization, high ignition reliability and wide working condition adaptation range, and can be widely applied to liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen rocket engines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to hydrogen medium, in particular to a working condition self-adjusting flame self-stabilizing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen torch type electric igniter. Background Art

[0002] The use of torch electric ignition technology is a key way to achieve reusable rocket engine technology. Based on the source of ignition medium, torch electric igniters can be divided into torch electric igniters with built-in gas cylinders and torch electric igniters with liquid medium using the medium in the rocket tank. The torch electric igniter with built-in gas cylinder uses gaseous medium. Although the entire ignition system is relatively independent, it is heavy and the maximum number of ignitions is limited. The torch electric igniter using liquid medium in a tank has the advantages of light weight and unlimited ignition times, and is the main development direction of the ignition method of reusable liquid rocket engines.

[0003] Liquid medium torch electric igniter is more difficult to develop than gaseous torch electric igniter. Since torch electric igniter often starts working before the whole engine is ignited, the temperature of the ignition pipeline has not yet reached the medium temperature. When the ignition medium flows through the ignition pipeline, part of the medium will be vaporized and present a gas-liquid two-phase state. The design dimensions of the ignition nozzle corresponding to the ignition medium in different states vary greatly, which makes it difficult to determine the structural dimensions of the ignition nozzle when designing the torch electric igniter. On the other hand, since the physical parameters of the torch electric igniter vary greatly with temperature during the engine starting stage, the operating conditions of the torch electric igniter vary greatly. The outlet of the torch electric igniter has unstable flames, uneven temperature and gas components, etc., which is not conducive to igniting the downstream combustion device. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a working condition self-adjusting flame self-stabilizing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen torch type electric igniter to achieve working condition self-adjustment and uniform and stable flame.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a working condition self-adjusting flame self-stabilizing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen torch-type electric igniter, including a head, a body and a cover plate; the downstream of the head and the inner cavity of the body form a combustion chamber, and the cover plate and the outer wall surfaces of the head and the body together form a hydrogen collection chamber; the head integrates an oxygen collection chamber, an oxygen nozzle, an electric nozzle interface and a hydrogen nozzle; the diameter of the oxygen nozzle is designed according to the oxygen medium being a gaseous state, and an adjusting plug body is arranged in the oxygen nozzle. The adjusting plug body adopts a conical design, so that the oxygen medium is throttled at the circular ring formed by the conical surface of the adjusting plug body and the oxygen nozzle, and the oxygen nozzle has different throttling areas by changing the insertion depth of the adjusting plug body in the oxygen nozzle to adapt to oxygen media in different states.

[0006] Furthermore, the regulating plug body includes an integrated threaded section, a cylindrical section and a conical section. The threaded section is threadedly connected to the head, and the cylindrical section and the conical section are located in the oxygen nozzle. The cylindrical section is retracted toward the central axis of the plug body at the connection with the threaded section, and the conical section extends along the central axis of the plug body. By rotating the threaded section, the insertion depth of the cylindrical section and the conical section in the oxygen nozzle is changed, thereby adjusting the throttling area.

[0007] Further, the specific design method of adjusting the plug body is:

[0008] Calculate the required oxygen nozzle diameter d when the oxygen medium is gaseous g , and further calculate the oxygen nozzle throttling area A required when the oxygen medium is liquid l , the diameter d of the cylindrical section of the regulating plug body is calculated according to the following formula: s :

[0009]

[0010] Furthermore, the diameter of the cylindrical segment d s The relationship between the internal thread diameter d1 of the thread segment satisfies 1.5d s >d1>1.2d s ; After selecting the thread specification, the cone angle α is obtained according to the pitch P.

[0011] Furthermore, the indentation of the cylindrical section and the inner wall of the oxygen nozzle are sealed by a metal diamond ring.

[0012] Furthermore, a flame stabilizing cavity is provided in the downstream of the body itself, which is used to reduce the flow rate of the fuel gas, so that the fuel gas and the cooled liquid hydrogen form a reflux vortex in the flame stabilizing cavity, mix and supplement the combustion, and improve the stability and uniformity of the flame at the igniter outlet.

[0013] Furthermore, the flame stabilizing cavity inlet angle Φ is within the range of 90°-120°, and the flame stabilizing cavity diameter d q =Nd, where d is the igniter outlet diameter and N is the cavity diameter coefficient, with a value range of 1.2-1.35.

[0014] Furthermore, the flame stabilizing cavity is an isosceles trapezoidal cavity, and the lower bottom side of the trapezoid is located in the cavity and is parallel to the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber.

[0015] Furthermore, the oxygen collecting chamber is located at the top of the head, the two oxygen nozzles are a double-stranded mutual impact structure, the two electric nozzle interfaces are arranged on both sides of the head at an angle, and the electric nozzles are installed in the electric nozzle interfaces. Below the electric nozzle interfaces, multiple hydrogen nozzles are evenly distributed along the circumference, and the hydrogen collecting chamber is around the hydrogen nozzles.

[0016] Furthermore, the hydrogen medium enters the hydrogen collecting chamber and is evenly sprayed into the combustion chamber by each hydrogen nozzle. Part of the hydrogen medium is mixed with the oxygen medium that enters the oxygen collecting chamber and flows through the two oxygen nozzles upstream of the combustion chamber to form a combustible mixture, which is ignited by the electric nozzle. The remaining hydrogen medium swirls along the hydrogen nozzle to form a liquid film, which provides thermal protection for the inner wall of the combustion chamber and the electric nozzle.

[0017] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0018] (1) The torch-type electric igniter nozzle of the present invention is self-throttling, which reduces the throttling elements of the system, reduces the complexity of the system, and improves the reliability of the ignition system;

[0019] (2) The throttling area of ​​the oxygen nozzle of the torch-type electric igniter of the present invention is adjustable, and the ignition chamber working condition adjustment function can be realized by changing the throttling area;

[0020] (3) The oxygen nozzle of the torch-type electric igniter of the present invention is designed for gas oxygen. When the regulating plug is fully screwed in, the throttling area of ​​the oxygen nozzle is in the state of a liquid oxygen nozzle. Therefore, the torch-type electric igniter can adapt to a fairly wide range of working conditions;

[0021] (4) A concave cavity structure is arranged downstream of the torch-type electric igniter body of the present invention, which can reduce the flame flow rate and form a backflow vortex in the concave cavity, so that the fuel gas and the vaporized cooling hydrogen are mixed and re-burned, and the stability and uniformity of the outlet flame are greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the igniter of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a partial enlarged view B of the igniter of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the AA section of the igniter of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 FIG. C is a partial enlarged view of the igniter of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] like Figure 1As shown, the torch-type electric igniter designed in the patent of the present invention is mainly composed of a head 1, a body 2, a cover plate 3, etc. The structure of the head 1 is relatively complex, integrating an oxygen collection chamber 9, an oxygen nozzle 7, a hydrogen nozzle 6, and an electric nozzle interface 12. The oxygen nozzle 7 adopts a double-strand mutual impact structure, and the nozzle diameter is designed according to the gas state. An adjusting plug 5 is arranged therein. The adjusting plug 5 adopts a conical design and can be inserted into the oxygen nozzle 7. The oxygen medium is throttled at the circular ring formed by the conical surface of the adjusting plug and the oxygen nozzle. Different insertion depths of the adjusting plug correspond to different circular ring areas, so that the oxygen nozzle 7 has different throttling areas, thereby realizing the function of adjusting the working condition of the ignition chamber itself.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the regulating plug body 5 is connected to the head 1 by threads, and the two are sealed by a metal diamond ring 4. The regulating plug body 5 includes an integrated threaded section, a cylindrical section and a conical section. The threaded section is threadedly connected to the head. The cylindrical section and the conical section are located in the oxygen nozzle. The cylindrical section is retracted toward the central axis of the plug body at the connection with the threaded section, and the conical section extends along the central axis of the plug body. By rotating the threaded section, the insertion depth of the cylindrical section and the conical section in the oxygen nozzle 7 is changed, thereby adjusting the throttling area. According to the design working conditions of the igniter, the diameter d of the oxygen nozzle 7 when the oxygen medium is in a gaseous state is calculated. g , and further calculate the throttling area A of the oxygen nozzle when the oxygen medium is liquid l The diameter d of the cylindrical section of the regulating plug body 5 is calculated by the following formula: s :

[0029]

[0030] Cylindrical segment diameter d s The relationship between the inner thread diameter d1 should satisfy: 1.5d s >d1>1.2d s After selecting the thread specification, the cone angle α is obtained according to the pitch P. To ensure the control accuracy,

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, two nozzle interfaces 12 are arranged obliquely on both sides of the head cavity, and nozzles 13 are installed therein. The lower end of the cover plate 3 is welded to the body 2, and the upper end is welded to the head 1, and the three together form a hydrogen collection cavity 10; the body 2 and the head 1 are welded by fillet welds, and a combustion chamber 11 is formed between the two; after the hydrogen medium enters the hydrogen collection cavity 10, it is evenly sprayed into the combustion chamber 11 by 8 tangential hydrogen nozzles 6, and after the oxygen medium enters the oxygen collection cavity 9, it enters the combustion chamber 11 through 2 oxygen nozzles 7, and part of the hydrogen medium and the oxygen medium are atomized and mixed here to form a combustible mixture. After the nozzle 13 ignites, the combustible mixture releases chemical energy and is converted into high-temperature combustion gas. The remaining part of the hydrogen medium swirls along the tangential hydrogen nozzle 6 to form a liquid film, which provides thermal protection for the inner wall of the combustion chamber 11 and the nozzle 13.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, the downstream of the body 2 is provided with a flame stabilizing cavity 8 structure, where the gas expands and reduces the flow rate, so that the gas and the cooling hydrogen form a reflux vortex in the flame stabilizing cavity 8, so that the gas and the gasified cooling liquid hydrogen are mixed and re-combusted, improving the stability and uniformity of the outlet flame. According to simulation analysis, the inlet angle Φ of the flame stabilizing cavity can ensure sufficient reflux area in the range of 90°-120°, and the diameter d of the flame stabilizing cavity is q =Nd, where d is the igniter outlet diameter and N is the cavity diameter coefficient. According to the simulation results, the optimal value range of N is 1.2-1.35.

[0033] It is to be understood that the present invention is described by way of embodiments, and it is known to those skilled in the art that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and embodiments that can fall within the scope of the claims of this application all fall within the scope protected by the present invention.

[0034] The contents not described in detail in the specification of the present invention belong to the common knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A working condition self-adjusting flame self-stabilizing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen torch type electric igniter, characterized in that: The invention comprises a head (1), a body (2) and a cover plate (3); the downstream of the head (1) and the inner cavity of the body (2) form a combustion chamber (11), and the cover plate and the outer wall surfaces of the head and the body together form a hydrogen collection chamber (10); the head (1) is integrated with an oxygen collection chamber (9), an oxygen nozzle (7), an electric nozzle interface (12) and a hydrogen nozzle (6); the diameter of the oxygen nozzle (7) is designed according to the oxygen medium being in a gaseous state, and an adjusting plug body (5) is arranged in the oxygen nozzle. The adjusting plug body adopts a conical design so that the oxygen medium is throttled at the circular ring formed by the conical surface of the adjusting plug body and the oxygen nozzle. By changing the insertion depth of the adjusting plug body in the oxygen nozzle (7), the oxygen nozzle (7) has different throttling areas to adapt to oxygen medium in different states.

2. The working condition self-adjusting flame self-stabilizing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen torch type electric igniter according to claim 1 is characterized by: The regulating plug body (5) comprises an integrated threaded section, a cylindrical section and a conical section. The threaded section is threadedly connected to the head. The cylindrical section and the conical section are located in the oxygen nozzle. The cylindrical section is retracted in the direction of the central axis of the plug body at the connection with the threaded section, and the conical section extends along the central axis of the plug body. The threaded section is rotated to change the insertion depth of the cylindrical section and the conical section in the oxygen nozzle (7), thereby adjusting the throttling area.

3. The working condition self-adjusting flame self-stabilizing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen torch type electric igniter according to claim 2 is characterized by: The specific design of the regulating plug body (5) is as follows: Calculate the required oxygen nozzle diameter d when the oxygen medium is gaseous g , and further calculate the oxygen nozzle throttling area A required when the oxygen medium is liquid l The diameter d of the cylindrical section of the regulating plug body (5) is calculated according to the following formula: s :

4. The working condition self-adjusting flame self-stabilizing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen torch type electric igniter according to claim 3 is characterized by: Cylindrical segment diameter d s The relationship between the internal thread diameter d1 of the thread segment satisfies 1.5d s >d1>1.2d s ; After selecting the thread specification, the cone angle α is obtained according to the pitch P.

5. The working condition self-adjusting flame self-stabilizing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen torch type electric igniter according to claim 2 is characterized by: The indentation of the cylindrical section and the inner wall of the oxygen nozzle (7) are sealed by a metal diamond ring (4).

6. The working condition self-adjusting flame self-stabilizing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen torch type electric igniter according to claim 1 is characterized by: A flame stabilizing cavity (8) is provided downstream of the body (2) to reduce the flow rate of the fuel gas, so that the fuel gas and the cooled liquid hydrogen form a reflux vortex in the flame stabilizing cavity (8), which is mixed and re-combusted, thereby improving the stability and uniformity of the flame at the igniter outlet.

7. The working condition self-adjusting flame self-stabilizing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen torch type electric igniter according to claim 6 is characterized by: The inlet angle Φ of the flame stabilizing cavity (8) is within the range of 90°-120°, and the diameter d of the flame stabilizing cavity (8) is q =Nd, where d is the igniter outlet diameter and N is the cavity diameter coefficient, with a value range of 1.2-1.

35.

8. The working condition self-adjusting flame self-stabilizing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen torch type electric igniter according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The flame stabilizing cavity (8) is an isosceles trapezoidal cavity, and the lower bottom side of the trapezoid is located in the cavity and is parallel to the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber.

9. The working condition self-adjusting flame self-stabilizing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen torch type electric igniter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxygen collection chamber (9) is located at the top of the head (1), the two oxygen nozzles (7) are of a double-stranded mutually striking structure, the two electric nozzle interfaces (12) are arranged obliquely and relatively on both sides of the head (1), the electric nozzle interface (12) is equipped with an electric nozzle (13), and below the electric nozzle interface (12), a plurality of hydrogen nozzles (6) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the hydrogen collection chamber (10) is around the hydrogen nozzle (6).

10. The working condition self-adjusting flame self-stabilizing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen torch type electric igniter according to claim 9, characterized in that: The hydrogen medium enters the hydrogen collection chamber (10) and is uniformly sprayed into the combustion chamber (11) by each hydrogen nozzle (6). Part of the hydrogen medium is mixed with the oxygen medium that enters from the oxygen collection chamber (9) and flows through the two oxygen nozzles (7) upstream of the combustion chamber (11) to form a combustible mixed gas, which is ignited by the electric nozzle (13). The remaining hydrogen medium swirls along the hydrogen nozzle (6) to form a liquid film, which provides thermal protection for the inner wall of the combustion chamber (11) and the electric nozzle (13).

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