Complex brass material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a complex brass material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and the complex brass material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 55-65% of Cu; 1.5%-4.0% of Mn; 0.5%-5.0% of Al; 0.5%-2.0% of Si; 0.05% to 1.0% of X; 0.5% to 1.5% of Y; the balance is Zn and inevitable impurities; wherein X is one or more of Ni, Co, Mo, V, W, Ti, Zr and Nb; y is one or more of Bi, Sn and Pb. The complex brass material has good wear resistance and friction reduction performance, meanwhile has high tensile strength (the tensile strength is larger than or equal to 650 MPa), high hardness (the hardness is larger than or equal to HRB88), good plasticity (the ductility is larger than or equal to 10%) and good cutting performance, and is suitable for hot-state machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of metal smelting, and in particular relates to a complex brass material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern industry, the most obvious change is that the speed of mechanical equipment is getting faster and faster. At the same time, the fracture and wear rate of related parts are also increasing accordingly, and the service life seriously affects the output efficiency and production cost of the equipment; the strength and wear resistance of ordinary brass are poor, which greatly limits the further development of brass material application. Compared with ordinary brass materials, complex brass materials have excellent physical and mechanical properties, among which good mechanical properties, wear resistance, and the ability to adapt to high load, high speed, high impact, low lubrication and other working environments have broad application prospects.

[0003] The Chinese patent application with application number 201310350363.3 and application date of August 13, 2013 discloses a high-strength wear-resistant complex brass material and a preparation method thereof. The high-strength wear-resistant complex brass material has the following components by mass percentage: Cu 63% to 66%; Mn 7.0% to 8.5%; Al 4.5% to 6.0%; Si 1.0% to 2.0%; Fe 0.5% to 1.5%; Pb 0.3% to 0.8%; Ni < 0.5%; Sn < 0.5%; Zn balance. Although the material has high tensile strength and wear resistance, it has low elongation and insufficient toughness.

[0004] The Chinese patent application with application number 201010130257.0 and application date March 19, 2020 discloses a synchronizer gear ring wear-resistant material and a preparation method thereof. The components of the wear-resistant material are as follows by mass percentage: Cu 60% to 65%, Mn 2.7% to 3.7%, Al 2.4% to 3.4%, Si 0.6% to 0.9%, Ni 0.2% to 0.4%, Cr 0.07% to 0.27%, and Zn balance. Although the material has good wear resistance, it is not strong enough to meet special working conditions. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a complex brass material and a preparation method and application thereof, aiming to improve the wear resistance and toughness of the complex brass material.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a complex brass material, wherein the element composition of the complex brass material is, by mass percentage: Cu 55% to 65%; Mn 1.5% to 4.0%; Al 0.5% to 5.0%; Si 0.5% to 2.0%; X 0.05% to 1.0%; Y 0.5% to 1.5%; the balance is Zn and unavoidable impurities;

[0008] Among them, X is one or more of Ni, Co, Mo, V, W, Ti, Zr, and Nb; and Y is one or more of Bi, Sn, and Pb.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect of the present invention, in some embodiments, the element composition of the complex brass material is, by mass percentage, Cu 55% to 60%; Mn 2.0% to 4.0%; Al 0.5% to 2.5%; Si 0.5% to 1.5%; X 0.05% to 1.0%; Y 0.5% to 1.2%; the remainder is Zn and unavoidable impurities.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect of the present invention, in some embodiments, the element composition of the complex brass material is, by mass percentage, Cu 60% to 65%; Mn 1.5% to 4.0%; Al 2.0% to 5.0%; Si 0.5% to 2.0%; X 0.05% to 0.9%; Y 0.5% to 1.4%; the remainder is Zn and unavoidable impurities.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect of the present invention, in some embodiments, the complex brass material consists of β phase, α phase, strengthening phase and Y phase, the α phase percentage is 3% to 30%, the strengthening phase percentage is 2% to 10%, a trace amount of Y phase, and the balance is β phase.

[0012] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a complex brass material, characterized by comprising:

[0013] Prepare raw materials according to the elemental composition of the above complex brass material;

[0014] The raw materials are added into the melting furnace, melted at 1050-1350℃, and cast after the composition is qualified.

[0015] In conjunction with the second aspect of the present invention, in some embodiments, the complex brass material is a tube or bar, and the casting includes:

[0016] The alloy melt with qualified composition is transferred into a holding furnace or an intermediate transition bag, and after being mechanically stirred evenly, it is controlled and poured into a crystallizer, and electromagnetic stirring is turned on to (i) perform horizontal continuous casting to obtain tubes and bars; or (ii) perform vertical semi-continuous casting to obtain ingots, and the ingots are hot extruded to obtain tubes and bars.

[0017] In combination with the second aspect of the present invention, a mechanical stirring device is arranged on the top of the holding furnace or the intermediate transition ladle, and the rotation speed is set to 30-100 r / min.

[0018] In combination with the second aspect of the present invention, an electromagnetic device is arranged along the circumference of the crystallizer, the electromagnetic stirring frequency is set to 5-15 Hz, and the electromagnetic stirring current is set to 50-200 A, and then electromagnetic stirring casting production is carried out according to the set casting parameters.

[0019] In combination with the second aspect of the present invention, in some embodiments, the preparation method further comprises: (i) cutting the tube and rod materials and processing them into finished products; or (ii) forging the tube and rod materials and then processing them into finished products.

[0020] In conjunction with the second aspect of the present invention, in some implementations, the three elements Al, Mn, and Si are made of Al-Mn-Si ternary master alloy as raw materials.

[0021] A third aspect of the present invention provides a complex brass material part, which is made of the above-mentioned complex brass material.

[0022] In combination with the third aspect of the present invention, in some embodiments, the complex brass material part is one of a high-speed rotor of a plunger hydraulic pump, a valve plate, a sliding shoe, and a synchronizer gear ring of an automobile.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The complex brass material provided by the present invention has better wear resistance, friction reduction and sintering resistance, and has high tensile strength, high hardness and high elongation, and can achieve higher strength without cold deformation strengthening such as cold rolling or cold drawing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 : Metallographic structure of Example 3.

[0026] Figure 2 : Metallographic structure of Comparative Example 1.

[0027] Figure 3 : The metallographic structure of Comparative Example 2.

[0028] Figure 4 : Metallographic structure of Comparative Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] For simplicity, only some clear numerical ranges are disclosed herein. However, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form an unclearly recorded range; and any lower limit can be combined with other lower limits to form an unclearly recorded range. Similarly, any upper limit can be combined with any other upper limit to form an unclearly recorded range. In addition, although not clearly recorded, each point or single value between the range endpoints is included in the range. Thus, each point or single value can be combined with any other point or single value as its own lower limit or upper limit or with other lower limits or upper limits to form an unclearly recorded range.

[0031] It should be noted that, in the description of this article, unless otherwise specified, "above" and "below" include the number, and the meaning of "multiple" in "one or more" is two or more. Relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or equipment. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including one..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or equipment including the elements.

[0032] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "any embodiment / method", "one embodiment / method", "some embodiments / methods", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment / method or example are included in at least one embodiment / method or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment / method or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments / methods or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments / methods or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments / methods or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0033] The above summary of the invention of the present invention is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or each implementation in the present invention. The following description more specifically illustrates exemplary embodiments. These embodiments can be used in various combinations. In each example, the enumeration is only used as a representative group and should not be interpreted as exhaustive.

[0034] The term "complex brass material" of the present invention is a type of "brass". "Brass" refers to an assembly of copper-based alloys with zinc as the main alloying element, including "simple brass" and "complex brass material". "Simple brass" refers to a copper-zinc binary alloy, and "complex brass material" refers to a multicomponent alloy in which other components are added to the copper-zinc binary alloy to improve the strength, hardness, machinability, etc. of brass. The α phase and β phase in the "complex brass material" are multicomponent complex solid solutions, which have a greater strengthening effect, while the α phase and β phase in the "simple brass" are simple Cu-Zn solid solutions, which have a lower strengthening effect. Although the zinc equivalent is equivalent, the properties of the multicomponent solid solution and the simple binary solid solution are different.

[0035] Complex brass materials:

[0036] As described in the background technology, the complex brass materials disclosed in the prior art are insufficient in wear resistance and toughness. For some parts that require high wear resistance and toughness, this material cannot meet their needs. For example, the plunger pump distribution plate in engineering machinery. During the operation of the plunger pump, the liquid will separate bubbles at low pressure. The pressure in the bubbles is very high. When the inlet and outlet of the distribution plate collapse, a huge impact is generated in the microscopic state. Frequent impacts will form aggregated pits on the surface of the distribution plate, and even cavitation phenomena such as material shedding, which will cause damage to the distribution plate at the least, and cause the parts with high strength and low elongation to crack at the worst. In addition, the end face of the distribution plate and the cylinder body are in a high-speed rotating friction state, and the material needs to have a high sintering resistance. That is, the plunger pump distribution plate requires the material to have high hardness, wear resistance, sintering resistance, and high elongation.

[0037] The complex brass material provided by the present invention has the following element compositions by mass percentage: Cu 55%-65%; Mn 1.5%-4.0%; Al 0.5%-5.0%; Si 0.5%-2.0%; X 0.05%-1.0%; Y 0.5%-1.5%; the balance is Zn and unavoidable impurities; wherein X is one or more of Ni, Co, Mo, V, W, Ti, Zr and Nb; and Y is one or more of Bi, Sn and Pb.

[0038] The complex brass material provided by the present invention has higher yield strength and PV value, lower friction coefficient and wear depth, and is very suitable for preparing parts that withstand strong tensile strength and high friction.

[0039] At room temperature, the complex brass material of the present invention is composed of β phase, α phase, strengthening phase and Y phase, the percentage of α phase is 3% to 30%, the percentage of strengthening phase is 2% to 10%, a trace amount of Y phase, and the balance is β phase. The α phase has good room temperature plasticity; the β phase has high strength and hardness at room temperature, and has good plasticity at high temperature, so that the complex brass material is suitable for processing in a hot state; the strengthening phase is composed of high-hardness Mn5Si3 intermetallic compounds and X series high melting point compounds, so that the matrix has good wear resistance; the Y component dispersed in the matrix improves the cutting performance of the high wear-resistant matrix and improves the friction reduction performance of the high wear-resistant matrix. Therefore, the complex brass material of the present invention has good wear resistance and friction reduction, and at the same time has high tensile strength (tensile strength ≥ 650MPa), high hardness (hardness ≥ HRB88), good plasticity (elongation ≥ 10%), and is suitable for hot processing and has good cutting performance.

[0040] The Mn and Si elements added to the complex brass material of the present invention form a high-hardness Mn5Si3 intermetallic compound during the casting process. During the subsequent hot working process, the Mn5Si3 intermetallic compound is extruded and deformed into strip-shaped hard particles, which are dispersed in the matrix structure and can be used as a strengthening phase to improve the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the matrix structure. In order to ensure that a certain amount of Mn5Si3 intermetallic compounds are present in the matrix structure of the complex brass material as a strengthening phase, the mass ratio of Mn to Si is strictly controlled in the present invention. Preferably, the mass ratio of Mn to Si is 2.5 to 3.6.

[0041] The term "intermetallic compound" refers to a compound phase formed between metal and metal or metal and metalloid. These compounds have complex crystal structures and chemical bonds, including metallic bonds, ionic bonds, covalent bonds and even molecular bonds. Intermetallic compounds often have a certain solid solubility, deviate from the equivalent composition, reduce the order and increase the defects. The term "intermediate compound" has a wider scope than "intermetallic compound" because there are more X component elements and the crystal structure formed is uncertain. Therefore, the present invention uses intermediate compounds to describe X series intermediate compounds.

[0042] The X element used in the present invention is one or more of Ni, Co, Mo, V, W, Ti, Zr, and Nb. The X element is mainly a high-melting-point refractory metal or a sub-refractory element, and has the characteristics of good high-temperature strength, high hardness, and small thermal expansion coefficient. The X element forms an X series of intermetallic compounds with elements such as Al, Mn, and Si. These intermetallic compounds are harder than Mn5Si3 intermetallic compounds and are dispersed in the matrix in the form of particles, which can greatly improve the strength, hardness, and wear resistance of the matrix, and greatly improve the sintering resistance of complex brass materials. The term "sintering resistance": When mechanical equipment is running under high temperature and high pressure conditions, the friction surface temperature rises, and the workpiece will have adhesion or welding phenomena. In severe cases, it may even cause the equipment to stop running instantly. The "sintering resistance" can effectively prevent adhesion, welding, and sintering between wear parts, thereby extending the service life of the equipment. The term "wear resistance" refers to the fact that the wear amount of parts under high pressure and high temperature conditions is relatively small, the wear scar depth is shallow, and it is not easy to produce adhesion or welding.

[0043] The Y element of the present invention is one or more of Pb, Sn and Bi. The solid solubility of Y in the matrix structure of the complex brass material is very low or almost insoluble. Most of the Y is evenly distributed in the matrix structure and on the surface in the form of free particles to form soft particles, which can play a role in lubrication and chip breaking during processing, so that the complex brass material has better friction reduction performance, wear resistance and anti-sintering performance. On the other hand, the complex brass material can obtain better cutting performance during mechanical processing.

[0044] Preferably, the element composition of the complex brass material is as follows, by mass percentage: Cu 55% to 60%; Mn 2.0% to 4.0%; Al 0.5% to 2.5%; Si 0.5% to 1.5%; X 0.05% to 1.0%; Y 0.5% to 1.2%; the balance is Zn and unavoidable impurities; Further preferably, the element composition of the complex brass material is as follows, by mass percentage: Cu 58% to 60%; Mn 3.0% to 4.0%; Al 2.0% to 2.5%; Si 1.0% to 1.5%; X 0.5% to 1.0%; Y 0.5% to 1.0%; the balance is Zn and unavoidable impurities; Further, the element composition of the complex brass material is as follows, by mass percentage: Cu 58% to 59%; Mn 3.0% to 3.5%; Al 2.2%~2.5%; Si1.0%~1.2%; X0.5%~1.0%; Y 0.5%~0.7%; the balance is Zn and inevitable impurities; the element composition of the complex brass material of the present invention is within this range, which can make the yield strength reach more than 500MPa, the tensile strength reach more than 750MPa, the elongation reach more than 11%, and the wear resistance and sintering resistance are relatively high.

[0045] Preferably, the element composition of the complex brass material is, by mass percentage, Cu 60% to 65%; Mn 1.5% to 4.0%; Al 2.0% to 5.0%; Si 0.5% to 2.0%; X 0.05% to 0.9%; Y 0.5% to 1.4%; the remainder being Zn and unavoidable impurities. Further preferably, in terms of mass percentage, the element composition of the complex brass material is: Cu 60% to 64%; Mn 2.0% to 4.0%; Al 3.0% to 5.0%; Si 1.0% to 2.0%; X 0.05% to 0.50%; Y 0.7% to 1.3%; the balance is Zn and unavoidable impurities; Further preferably, in terms of mass percentage, the element composition of the complex brass material is: Cu 60.5% to 63.5%; Mn 3.2% to 3.6%; Al 3.3% to 4.0%; Si 1.0% to 1.5%; X 0.05% to 0.30%; Y 0.7% to 1.3%; the balance is Zn and unavoidable impurities. X is one or more of Ni, Co, Mo, and Nb, and Y is one or more of Pb and Bi. Preferably, X is one or more of Ni, Co, and Mo, and Y is Pb. The element composition of the complex brass material of the present invention is within this range, which can make the yield strength reach more than 460 MPa, the tensile strength reach more than 690 MPa, the elongation reach more than 15%, the friction coefficient is less than 0.074, and the wear resistance and sintering resistance are relatively high.

[0046] Preparation method:

[0047] The method for preparing the complex brass material provided by the present invention comprises:

[0048] Prepare raw materials according to the elemental composition of the above complex brass material;

[0049] The raw materials are added into the melting furnace, melted at 1050-1350℃, and cast after the composition is qualified.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, stirring is performed throughout the smelting and casting process. The X element and the Y element of the present invention form electronic compounds or free particles during the smelting process. These electronic compounds or free particles have different densities and are very likely to have specific gravity segregation during the preparation of complex brass materials. The present invention performs stirring throughout the smelting and casting process, which can reduce the occurrence of segregation.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the complex brass material parts are tubes and rods, and the casting includes: transferring the alloy melt with qualified composition into a holding furnace or an intermediate transition bag, mechanically stirring it evenly and then controlling the flow and pouring it into a crystallizer, turning on electromagnetic stirring, (i) performing horizontal continuous casting to obtain tubes and rods; or (ii) performing vertical semi-continuous casting to obtain an ingot, and hot extruding the ingot to obtain a tube and rod. In the prior art, only the smelting furnace has electromagnetic stirring, and the holding furnace, the intermediate transition bag and the crystallizer are not equipped with a stirring device. Therefore, the molten metal is prone to severe segregation during the casting stage. The present invention provides a mechanical stirring device above the holding furnace and the intermediate transition bag, and an electromagnetic device is provided along the circumference of the crystallizer, so that it has an electromagnetic stirring function, thereby stirring the molten metal in the holding furnace, the intermediate transition bag and the crystallizer, so that the components are mixed evenly, reducing the phenomenon of uneven distribution of elements in the complex brass material and inconsistent performance of each part caused by segregation, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the ingot or tube and rod.

[0052] The present invention uses a medium frequency furnace electric furnace to melt raw materials, and uses the electromagnetic stirring function of the medium frequency furnace to stir during the smelting stage. After the alloy is melted, it is poured from the melting furnace into a holding furnace or an intermediate transition bag, and then enters the crystallizer from the bottom of the holding furnace or the intermediate transition bag for crystallization cooling, and the solidified part is pulled out from the bottom of the crystallizer. The holding furnace or the intermediate transition bag and the crystallizer generally do not have a stirring function. The present invention sets up a mechanical stirring device above the holding furnace or the intermediate transition bag, and an electromagnetic device is provided along the periphery of the crystallizer, which can stir the molten metal to make the components in the molten metal uniform and not prone to segregation. At the same time, electromagnetic stirring can refine the crystal structure, and the performance of each part is consistent after the alloy is solidified.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, a mechanical stirring device is provided on the top of the holding furnace or the intermediate transition bag, and an electromagnetic device is provided along the circumference of the crystallizer.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present invention, Al, Mn and Si are made of Al-Mn-Si ternary master alloy as raw materials; the weight percentage and preparation method of the Al-Mn-Si ternary master alloy of the present invention can be found in the Chinese patent document with application number: 200910061893.X, application date: April 30, 2009, and invention name: "Multi-element master alloy and smelting method thereof".

[0055] The X element used in the present invention is mainly a high melting point refractory metal or a secondary refractory element. The binary alloy has a low melting point and is easy to melt. When preparing the raw materials in the present invention, the X element can be prepared in the form of an X alloy to reduce the melting temperature. The X alloy can be a Cu-X master alloy and / or an Al-X master alloy. The Cu-X or Al-X master alloy used in the present invention is formed by melting Cu or Al and X together. For example: when the Cu-X master alloy is a CuZr alloy, the mass percentage of Zr is 38.0% to 42.0%, and the rest is Cu; when the Cu-X master alloy is a CuV alloy, the mass percentage of V is 8% to 12%, and the rest is Cu; when the Cu-X master alloy is a CuCo alloy, the mass percentage of Co is 8% to 15%, and the rest is Cu. When the Al-X master alloy is an AlW alloy, the mass percentage of W is 3% to 8%, and the rest is Al. When the Al-X master alloy is an AlNi alloy, the mass percentage of Ni is 38% to 45%, and the rest is Al; when the Al-X master alloy is an AlNb alloy, the mass percentage of Nb is 4% to 8%, and the rest is Al; when the Al-X master alloy is an AlMo alloy, the mass percentage of Mo is 18% to 23%, and the rest is Al.

[0056] In the present invention, the raw material is smelted at a temperature of 1050-1350° C., refined and deslagging are performed at least three times, and then the melt is adjusted to the element composition of the complex brass material.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present invention, a method for preparing a complex brass material comprises:

[0058] A1. Clean the furnace, add 20% to 25% scraps and 0.5% WP-213 refining agent to melt, then add Al-Mn-Si master alloy, Cu, X element and / or X alloy, heat to about 1050℃ to 1350℃ for melting, continue to add molding return material, press the scraps below the liquid level for melting to prevent severe oxidation;

[0059] A2. Add scraps (add 0.5% WP-213 refining agent each time) and molded recycled materials, heat up and melt, and boil for about 2 minutes;

[0060] A3. After removing the scum, cover it with charcoal, add Zn and Y, and continue to heat it to 1100-1200℃ to melt;

[0061] A4. After all the materials are melted, make full use of the electromagnetic stirring of the medium frequency furnace to heat and boil for 2 to 3 minutes, add 1% to 2% WP-213 refining agent by weight of the copper liquid, stir, let it stand for 3 to 5 minutes, remove the slag, and cover it with charcoal;

[0062] A5. Raise the temperature to 1130℃~1180℃, let stand for 3~5min, take the first sample, and adjust the composition until each element is within the specified range of the material;

[0063] A6. Tilt the furnace, transfer the molten copper to the holding furnace or intermediate transition bag, and cover the molten copper with charcoal; stir the molten copper vigorously under the action of the mechanical stirring motor, and set the speed to 30-100r / min;

[0064] A7. When casting begins, the molten copper enters the crystallizer. After it cools for 2 to 3 minutes and the bottom solidifies, the traction function of the casting machine is turned on. Then, the electromagnetic stirring function on the crystallizer is turned on. The electromagnetic stirring frequency is set to 5 to 15 Hz and the electromagnetic stirring current is set to 50 to 200 A. Then, electromagnetic stirring casting production is carried out according to the set casting parameters.

[0065] The raw materials used in the present invention can be scraps or recycled materials. The scraps come from the cuttings produced after existing machining; the recycled materials mainly come from waste products after product processing and process material heads and tails produced during the casting process.

[0066] In order to further improve the performance of the product and expand the processing range, the preparation method also includes: forging the tube and bar after cutting the blank.

[0067] application

[0068] When the complex brass material of the present invention is used to manufacture complex brass material parts, it can be used to manufacture a plunger hydraulic pump high-speed rotor, a distribution plate, a sliding shoe, and one of the wear-resistant friction pairs such as an automobile synchronizer gear ring, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing a distribution plate of a plunger pump. During the operation of the plunger pump, bubbles will be separated from the liquid at low pressure. The pressure inside the bubbles is very high. When the inlet and outlet of the distribution plate collapse, a huge impact will be generated in a microscopic state. Frequent impacts will form aggregated pits on the surface of the distribution plate, and even material will fall off, causing damage to the distribution plate at the least and fracture of the distribution plate at the worst. The end face of the distribution plate will be in a high-speed rotating friction state with the cylinder body. The complex brass material of the present invention has high hardness, wear resistance and certain toughness, meeting the requirements of the distribution plate.

[0069] Example

[0070] The technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail below through examples. If the manufacturer's brand or preparation method is not specified, the raw materials, equipment or solvents used are all common raw materials, equipment or solvents on the market. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials of the same name used in the following examples and comparative examples are the same raw materials. The Cu-X or Al-X used in the following examples is obtained by melting copper or aluminum with the corresponding alloying elements and then cooling. In the following examples, an electromagnetic device is arranged along the circumference of the crystallizer so that the crystallizer has an electromagnetic stirring function.

[0071] In the following embodiments, in the CuZr alloy, the mass percentage of Zr is 40.0%, and the rest is Cu; in the AlNi alloy, the mass percentage of Ni is 40.0%, and the rest is Al; in the AlMo alloy, the mass percentage of Mo is 20%, and the balance is Al; in the CuV alloy, the mass percentage of V is 10%, and the balance is Cu; in the AlNb alloy, the mass percentage of Nb is 5%, and the balance is Al; in the CuCo alloy, the mass percentage of Co is 10%, and the balance is Cu; in the AlW alloy, the mass percentage of W is 5%, and the balance is Al.

[0072] In the following embodiments, the strengthening phase is composed of a high-hardness Mn5Si3 intermetallic compound and an X series high-melting-point compound, which makes the matrix have good wear resistance.

[0073] Example 1

[0074] The method for preparing the complex brass material in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0075] A. Provide the incoming materials of Cu, Zn, CuV, AlNb, CuZr, Pb, Sn and Al-Mn-Si master alloy according to the element composition shown in Table 1, and perform refining and slag removal in small quantities and multiple times; stir the whole smelting and casting process to stir the molten copper liquid evenly;

[0076] B. Adjust the temperature of the copper liquid to 1132℃ and horizontally continuously cast it into pipes.

[0077] Based on the above technical solution, step A includes the following steps:

[0078] A1. Clean the furnace, add 25% chips and 0.5% WP-213 refining agent to melt, then add Al-Mn-Si master alloy, Cu, CuV, AlNb, CuZr, etc., heat up and melt, continue to add forming return materials, press the chips below the liquid level to melt to prevent severe oxidation;

[0079] A2. Add scraps (add 0.5% WP-213 refining agent each time) and molded recycled materials, heat up and melt, and boil for about 2 minutes;

[0080] A3. After removing the scum, cover it with charcoal, then add Zn, Pb, Sn and other materials, and continue to heat and melt;

[0081] A4. After all the materials are melted, make full use of the electromagnetic stirring of the medium frequency furnace to heat and boil for 2 to 3 minutes, add 2% WP-213 refining agent and stir, let it stand for 5 minutes, then remove the slag and cover it with charcoal;

[0082] A5. Raise the temperature to 1152℃, let stand, take samples, and adjust the ingredients to meet the requirements;

[0083] A6. Tilt the furnace, transfer the copper liquid to the intermediate transition bag, and cover the copper liquid with charcoal; stir the copper liquid vigorously under the action of the mechanical stirring motor, and set the speed to 55r / min;

[0084] A7. When casting begins, the molten copper enters the crystallizer. After it cools for 2 to 3 minutes and the bottom solidifies, the traction function of the casting machine is turned on, and then the electromagnetic stirring function of the crystallizer is turned on. The electromagnetic stirring frequency is 8 Hz, and the electromagnetic stirring current is 160 A. Then, electromagnetic stirring casting production is carried out according to the set casting parameters.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] The method for preparing the complex brass material in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0087] A. Provide the incoming materials of Cu, Zn, AlW, CuCo, Ti, Bi and Al-Mn-Si master alloy according to the element composition shown in Table 1, heat and melt, perform refining and slag removal in small quantities and multiple times, stir the whole smelting and casting process, and stir the molten copper liquid evenly;

[0088] B. Adjust the temperature of the copper liquid to 1143℃, and cast it into ingots in a vertical semi-continuous casting method. Cut the ingots into a certain length and extrude them into bars of required specifications at 750℃.

[0089] C. After cutting the obtained rods, forging at 740°C into thick-walled disc-like parts.

[0090] Based on the above technical solution, step A includes the following steps:

[0091] A1. Clean the furnace, add 20% chips and WP-213 refining agent to melt, then add Al-Mn-Si master alloy, Cu, AlW, CuCo, Ti alloy, etc., heat up and melt, continue to add forming return materials, press the chips below the liquid level to melt to prevent severe oxidation;

[0092] A2. Add scraps (add 0.5% WP-213 refining agent each time) and molded recycled materials, heat up and melt, and boil for about 2 minutes;

[0093] A3. After removing the scum, cover it with charcoal, add cooling material, then add Zn, Bi and other materials, and continue to heat and melt;

[0094] A4. After all the materials are melted, make full use of the electromagnetic stirring of the medium frequency furnace to heat and boil for 2 to 3 minutes, add 2% WP-213 refining agent and stir, let it stand for 5 minutes, then remove the slag and cover it with charcoal;

[0095] A5. Raise the temperature to 1165℃, let stand, take samples, and adjust the composition to meet the requirements;

[0096] A6. Tilt the furnace, pour the copper liquid into the preheated intermediate transition bag, cover the copper liquid with charcoal; stir the copper liquid vigorously under the action of the mechanical stirring motor, set the speed to 42r / min;

[0097] A7. When casting begins, the molten copper enters the crystallizer. After it cools for 2 to 3 minutes and the bottom solidifies, the traction function of the casting machine is turned on, and then the electromagnetic stirring function of the crystallizer is turned on. The electromagnetic stirring frequency is 10 Hz, and the electromagnetic stirring current is 155 A. Then, electromagnetic stirring casting production is carried out according to the set casting parameters.

[0098] Example 3

[0099] The method for preparing the complex brass material in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0100] A. Provide the incoming materials of Cu, Zn, AlMo, AlNi, Pb and Al-Mn-Si master alloy according to the element composition shown in Table 1, heat and melt, and then perform refining and slag removal in small quantities and multiple times; stir the whole smelting and casting process to stir the molten copper liquid evenly;

[0101] B. Adjust the temperature of the copper liquid to 1170℃, and cast it into ingots by vertical semi-continuous casting. The obtained ingots are cut into a certain length for extrusion, and then passed through an extrusion device at a temperature of 750℃ to obtain pipes of corresponding sizes.

[0102] Based on the above technical solution, step A includes the following steps:

[0103] A1. Clean the furnace, add 25% chips and WP-213 refining agent to melt, then add Al-Mn-Si master alloy, Cu, AlMo, AlNi, etc., heat up and melt, continue to add forming return materials, press the chips below the liquid level to prevent severe oxidation;

[0104] A2. Add scraps (add 0.5% WP-213 refining agent each time) and molded recycled materials, heat up and melt, and boil for about 2 minutes;

[0105] A3. After removing the scum, cover it with charcoal, then add Zn, Pb and other materials, and continue to heat and melt;

[0106] A4. After all the materials are melted, make full use of the electromagnetic stirring of the medium frequency furnace to heat and boil for 2 to 3 minutes, add 2% WP-213 refining agent and stir, let it stand for 5 minutes, then remove the slag and cover it with charcoal;

[0107] A5. Raise the temperature to 1158°C, let it stand, take samples, and adjust the composition to meet the requirements.

[0108] A6. Tilt the furnace, transfer the copper liquid to the intermediate transition bag, and cover the copper liquid with charcoal; stir the copper liquid vigorously under the action of the mechanical stirring motor, and set the speed to 35r / min;

[0109] A7. When casting begins, the molten copper enters the crystallizer. After it cools for 2 to 3 minutes and the bottom solidifies, the traction function of the casting machine is turned on, and then the electromagnetic stirring function of the crystallizer is turned on. The electromagnetic stirring frequency is 8 Hz, and the electromagnetic stirring current is 145 A. Then, electromagnetic stirring casting production is carried out according to the set casting parameters.

[0110] Comparative Example 1

[0111] The method for preparing the complex brass material in this comparative example comprises the following steps:

[0112] A. Provide the incoming materials of Cu, Zn, AlMo, AlNi, Pb and Al-Mn-Si master alloy according to the elemental composition shown in Table 1, heat and melt, perform small amount and multiple refining and slag removal, and adjust the elemental composition to be close to the mass percentage of Example 3; and electromagnetically stir the melted copper liquid during the smelting process;

[0113] B. Adjust the temperature to 1170° C., vertically semi-continuously cast the ingot, cut the ingot into a certain length, and then extrude it through an extrusion device at 750° C. to obtain a pipe of corresponding size. The parameters are set the same as in Example 3.

[0114] Based on the above technical solution, step A includes the following steps:

[0115] A1. Clean the furnace, add 20% chips and WP-213 refining agent to melt, then add Al-Mn-Si ternary master alloy, Cu, AlMo, AlNi, etc., heat up and melt, continue to add forming return materials, press the chips below the liquid level to melt to prevent severe oxidation;

[0116] A2. Add scraps (add 0.5% WP-213 refining agent each time) and molded recycled materials, heat up and melt, and boil for about 2 minutes;

[0117] A3. After removing the scum, cover it with charcoal, add cooling material, then add Zn, Pb and other materials, and continue to heat and melt;

[0118] A4. After all the materials are melted, make full use of the electromagnetic stirring of the medium frequency furnace to heat and boil for 2 to 3 minutes, add 2% WP-213 refining agent and stir, let it stand for 5 minutes, then remove the slag and cover it with charcoal;

[0119] A5. Raise the temperature to 1158℃, let stand, take samples, and adjust the ingredients to meet the standards;

[0120] A6. Tilt the furnace, pour the molten copper into the preheated intermediate transition bag, and cover the molten copper with charcoal;

[0121] A7. When casting begins, the molten copper enters the crystallizer, and after it cools for 2 to 3 minutes and solidifies at the bottom, the traction function of the casting machine is turned on, and casting production is carried out according to the casting parameters set in Example 3.

[0122] Comparative Example 2

[0123] The manufacturing method and the mass percentage of each element in this comparative example refer to the high-strength and wear-resistant complex brass material produced in the patent document with publication number CN103436730A.

[0124] Comparative Example 3

[0125] The manufacturing method and the mass percentage of each element in this comparative example refer to the high-strength and wear-resistant complex brass material produced in the patent document with publication number CN101775523A.

[0126] The tubes and rods prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples were subjected to hardness tests under GB / T 230.1-2018, HRB test conditions, and mechanical property tests were carried out using the GB / T228.1-2010 test method under GB / T 228B test conditions. Metallographic structure tests were carried out according to GB / T 15749-2008 and YS / T 449-2002. Point contact cyclic reciprocating friction and wear testers and rotary friction PV testers were used. The friction and wear test conditions were as follows: normal force: 200N, ambient temperature: 150°C, oscillation frequency: 10Hz, stroke length: 10mm, lubrication: 80W-90GL4, test time: 33min20s (sliding distance 400m). The specific test results are shown in the following table:

[0127] Table 1 Element composition and metallographic structure

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] Table 2 Mechanical properties, wear resistance and sintering resistance

[0131]

[0132]

[0133] The metallographic structure of the product of Example 3 is shown in Figure 1 The light yellow in the organization is β phase, the white strips are α phase, the blue is the strengthening phase, and the black dots are the free dispersed Y component. The metallographic organization is: β phase + α phase (about 15% to 20%) + strengthening phase (about 5%) + Pb phase

[0134] From the above comparison, it can be seen that by adding mechanical and electromagnetic stirring during the smelting and casting process (Example 3), the uniformity of the structure can be greatly improved, the blue strengthening phase is distributed more evenly, and the black dot-shaped granular Y component is dispersed in the matrix structure. Figure 2 ) The strengthening phase and free point-like particles show obvious segregation and the grains of the metallographic structure are relatively coarse.

[0135] Figure 3 This is the metallographic structure result of comparative example 2, the structure is β phase (matrix) + α phase (about 3%) + strengthening phase (about 10%) + Pb phase, Figure 4 This is the metallographic structure result of Comparative Example 3, and the structure is β phase (matrix) + α phase (about 5% to 10%) + strengthening phase (about 10%).

[0136] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features applied herein.

Claims

1. A complex brass material, characterized in that: The element composition of the complex brass material is as follows by mass percentage: Cu 55% to 65%; Mn 1.5% to 4.0%; Al 0.5% to 5.0%; Si 0.5% to 2.0%; X 0.05% to 1.0%; Y 0.5% to 1.5%; the balance is Zn and unavoidable impurities; Among them, X is one or more of Ni, Co, Mo, V, W, Ti, Zr, and Nb; and Y is one or more of Bi, Sn, and Pb.

2. The complex brass material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The element composition of the complex brass material is as follows by mass percentage: Cu 55%-60%; Mn 2.0%-4.0%; Al 0.5%-2.5%; Si 0.5%-1.5%; X 0.05%-1.0%; Y 0.5%-1.2%; the remainder is Zn and unavoidable impurities.

3. The complex brass material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The element composition of the complex brass material is as follows by mass percentage: Cu 60%-65%; Mn 1.5%-4.0%; Al 2.0%-5.0%; Si 0.5%-2.0%; X 0.05%-0.9%; Y 0.5%-1.4%; the remainder is Zn and unavoidable impurities.

4. The complex brass material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The complex brass material consists of a β phase, an α phase, a strengthening phase and a Y phase, wherein the α phase percentage is 3% to 30%, the strengthening phase percentage is 2% to 10%, a trace amount of the Y phase, and the remainder is the β phase.

5. A method for preparing a complex brass material, characterized in that: include: Prepare raw materials according to the elemental composition of the complex brass material according to claim 1; The raw materials are added into the melting furnace, melted at 1050-1350℃, and cast after the composition is qualified.

6. The method for preparing the complex brass material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The complex brass material is a tube or bar, and the casting comprises: The alloy melt with qualified composition is transferred into a holding furnace or an intermediate transition bag, and after being mechanically stirred evenly, it is controlled and poured into a crystallizer, and electromagnetic stirring is turned on to (i) perform horizontal continuous casting to obtain tubes and bars; or (ii) perform vertical semi-continuous casting to obtain ingots, and the ingots are hot extruded to obtain tubes and bars.

7. The method for preparing the complex brass material according to claim 6, characterized in that: A mechanical stirring device is installed on the top of the holding furnace or the intermediate transition bag, and the speed is set to 30~100r / min.

8. The method for preparing the complex brass material according to claim 6, characterized in that: An electromagnetic device is arranged along the circumference of the crystallizer, and the electromagnetic stirring frequency is set to 5-15 Hz and the electromagnetic stirring current is set to 50-200 A. Then, electromagnetic stirring casting production is carried out according to the set casting parameters.

9. The method for preparing the complex brass material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method also includes: (i) cutting the tube and rod materials and processing them into finished products; or (ii) forging the tube and rod materials and then processing them into finished products.

10. A complex brass part, characterized in that: It is made of the complex brass material described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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