Single-photon camera structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of digital imaging, in particular to a single-photon camera structure. Comprising a lens module, a superconducting detector module, a data processing module, a reading module, a gating module, a storage module, a main control end, an array unit, a time domain multiplexing unit and a reading frame unit. According to the present invention, a plurality of pixels are used to determine which pixel emits a signal, thereby reducing the need for readout lines, while enabling measurement of signals from the whole row or column of pixels at a time, rather than recording of data of each individual pixel, thereby greatly reducing the number of readout lines, and improving imaging quality and data processing efficiency through an algorithm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of digital imaging technology, and in particular to a single-photon camera structure. Background Art

[0002] Digital imaging technology is based on the principle of optical imaging. It focuses light onto the image sensor through a lens, then converts the light signal into an electrical signal through photoelectric conversion, and then forms a digital image through digital processing. Single-photon cameras also rely on the principle of optical imaging.

[0003] The prior art patent CN201910128104.3 discloses a single-photon camera based on a double-layer MCP image intensifier, including a double-layer MCP image intensifier, a fiber cone coupling lens, a detector, a timing control module, a gating module, a housing and a cover, etc. The present invention is an optoelectronic imaging device for low-light signal detection and imaging, which has the ability to detect single-photon signals and can realize large-array single-photon detection. It has important application value in the fields of biofluorescence, medical imaging, astronomical observation, remote sensing and telemetry, criminal investigation, military reconnaissance, etc.

[0004] However, in the prior art, in a single-photon camera with a large number of pixels, each pixel requires a readout line to transmit the signal; this results in a very large number of readout lines, increasing the complexity and cost of the equipment; and because the amount of data generated by the single-photon camera is huge and the arrival time of each photon needs to be accurately recorded, data processing is very difficult. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a single-photon camera structure, aiming to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, in a single-photon camera with a large number of pixels, each pixel requires a readout line to transmit a signal; this results in a very large number of readout lines, increasing the complexity and cost of the equipment; and because the amount of data generated by the single-photon camera is huge and the arrival time of each photon needs to be accurately recorded, the data processing is very difficult.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts a single-photon camera structure, including a lens module, a superconducting detector module, a data processing module, a reading module, a gating module, a storage module and a main control end, wherein the main control end is connected with an array unit, a time domain multiplexing unit and a reading frame unit, the superconducting detector module is connected with the lens module, the data processing module is connected with the superconducting detector module, the array unit, the time domain multiplexing unit and the reading frame unit are all connected with the superconducting detector module, the reading module is connected with the main control end, the gating module is connected with the main control end, and the storage module is connected with the main control end;

[0007] The lens module uses the refraction principle of the lens to converge external light onto the photosensitive element of the camera;

[0008] The superconducting detector module is used to detect a single photon and convert it into an electrical signal;

[0009] The data processing module is used to process the digital signal from the reading module;

[0010] The reading module is used to read the electrical signal output by the superconducting detector and convert it into a digital signal for subsequent processing;

[0011] The gating module is used to achieve accurate detection of light signals and can also improve the signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of the camera;

[0012] The storage module is used to store photon data captured by the camera;

[0013] The array unit uses a superconducting nanowire array to form multiple rows and columns, and can measure signals from an entire row or column of pixels at one time;

[0014] The time domain multiplexing unit is used for detection of a two-dimensional superconducting nanowire single photon detector array;

[0015] The read frame unit is used to enable a reduction in the number of readout lines while maintaining sensitivity to weak signals and a high signal-to-noise ratio.

[0016] Wherein, the data processing module includes a data receiving unit, a preprocessing unit, a signal extraction unit, a data analysis unit and a result output unit, and the data receiving unit, the preprocessing unit, the signal extraction unit, the data analysis unit and the result output unit are all connected to the superconducting detector module;

[0017] The data receiving unit is used to receive raw photon data from a detector or a storage module of the camera;

[0018] The preprocessing unit is used to perform preliminary processing on the received raw data;

[0019] The signal extraction unit is used to extract useful photon signals from the preprocessed data;

[0020] The data analysis unit is used to further analyze and process the extracted photon signal;

[0021] The result output unit is used to output the analyzed result to the user or other system components in an appropriate manner.

[0022] Wherein, the gate control module includes a timing controller unit, a high voltage unit, a gate control signal transmitter unit and a synchronization unit, and the timing controller unit, the high voltage unit, the gate control signal transmitter unit and the synchronization unit are all connected to the main control end;

[0023] The timing controller unit is responsible for generating accurate timing signals;

[0024] The high voltage unit is used to provide the required high voltage power supply for the detection element of the camera;

[0025] The gate signal transmitter unit is used to generate a gate signal, which is used to control the exposure window of the camera;

[0026] The synchronization unit is used to ensure synchronization between the door control module and other system components.

[0027] Wherein, the storage module includes a data cache unit, a data storage unit, a storage management unit and a data write-read unit, and the data cache unit, the data storage unit, the storage management unit and the data write-read unit are all connected to the main control end;

[0028] The data cache unit is used to temporarily store photon data received from the camera detector;

[0029] The data storage unit is used to store photon data for a long time;

[0030] The storage management unit is responsible for monitoring and managing the storage resources of the storage module;

[0031] The data writing and reading unit is used to transfer data from the data cache unit to the data storage unit.

[0032] Wherein, the single-photon camera structure further includes an encryption module and a verification module, the encryption unit is connected to the main control end, and the verification module is connected to the encryption module;

[0033] The encryption module is used to ensure the security of the data captured by the camera during transmission and storage;

[0034] The verification module is used to ensure the accuracy and completeness of data.

[0035] The encryption module includes a key management unit, a data encryption unit, a data decryption unit and an encryption protocol processing unit, and the key management unit, the data encryption unit, the data decryption unit and the encryption protocol processing unit are all connected to the main control end;

[0036] The key management unit is used to generate, store and manage the keys required in the encryption process;

[0037] The data encryption unit is used to encrypt the data captured by the camera using a key;

[0038] The data decryption unit is used to decrypt the encrypted data using a corresponding key;

[0039] The encryption protocol processing unit is used to process the protocols and communications involved in the encryption and decryption processes.

[0040] Wherein, the verification module includes a data checking unit, a data comparison unit, an error processing unit and a data recovery unit, and the data checking unit, the data comparison unit, the error processing unit and the data recovery unit are all connected to the encryption module;

[0041] The data checking unit is used to check the stored data;

[0042] The data comparison unit is used to compare the stored data with known reference data or expected results;

[0043] The error handling unit is used to handle errors found during data verification or comparison;

[0044] The data recovery unit is used to try to recover the data when the stored data is damaged or lost.

[0045] A single-photon camera structure of the present invention comprises a lens module, a superconducting detector module, a data processing module, a reading module, a gating module, a storage module and a main control end, wherein the main control end is connected with an array unit, a time domain multiplexing unit and a reading frame unit, the superconducting detector module is connected with the lens module, the data processing module is connected with the superconducting detector module, the array unit, the time domain multiplexing unit and the reading frame unit are all connected with the superconducting detector module, the reading module is connected with the main control end, the gating module is connected with the main control end, and the storage module is connected with the main control end, by combining signals from a plurality of pixels onto several room temperature readout lines, and then measuring The time required to trigger the row detector and column detector to determine which pixel sends the signal, thereby reducing the need for readout lines. At the same time, it makes it possible to measure the signals from an entire row or column of pixels at once, rather than recording the data of each individual pixel, thereby greatly reducing the number of readout lines. The imaging quality and data processing efficiency are improved through algorithms, thereby effectively solving the problem that in a single-photon camera with a large number of pixels, each pixel requires a readout line to transmit the signal; this results in a very large number of readout lines, increasing the complexity and cost of the equipment; and because the amount of data generated by the single-photon camera is huge and the arrival time of each photon needs to be accurately recorded, the data processing is very difficult. Technical problems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0047] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the single-photon camera structure of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the cooling module in the single-photon camera structure of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the verification module in the single-photon camera structure of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the encryption module in the single-photon camera structure of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the alarm module in the single-photon camera structure of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the gating module in the single-photon camera structure of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the storage module in the single-photon camera structure of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the data processing module in the single-photon camera structure of the present invention.

[0055] 1-lens module, 2-superconducting detector module, 3-data processing module, 4-reading module, 5-gate control module, 6-storage module, 7-master control end, 8-array unit, 9-time domain multiplexing unit, 10-reading frame unit, 11-data receiving unit, 12-preprocessing unit, 13-signal extraction unit, 14-data analysis unit, 15-result output unit, 16-timing controller unit, 17-high voltage unit, 18-gate control signal transmitter unit, 19-synchronization unit, 20-data cache unit, 21-data storage unit, 22-storage management unit, 23- Data write-read unit, 24-encryption module, 25-verification module, 26-key management unit, 27-data encryption unit, 28-data decryption unit, 29-encryption protocol processing unit, 30-data verification unit, 31-data comparison unit, 32-error processing unit, 33-data recovery unit, 34-alarm module, 35-cooling module, 36-sensor monitoring unit, 37-performance monitoring unit, 38-communication fault detection unit, 39-alarm output unit, 40-refrigeration unit, 41-temperature control unit, 42-heat exchange unit, 43-vacuum sealing unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0057] See also Figures 1 to 8 The present invention provides a single-photon camera structure, comprising a lens module 1, a superconducting detector module 2, a data processing module 3, a reading module 4, a gate control module 5, a storage module 6 and a main control terminal 7, wherein the main control terminal 7 is connected with an array unit 8, a time domain multiplexing unit 9 and a reading frame unit 10, the superconducting detector module 2 is connected with the lens module 1, the data processing module 3 is connected with the superconducting detector module 2, the array unit 8, the time domain multiplexing unit 9 and the reading frame unit 10 are all connected with the superconducting detector module 2, the reading module 4 is connected with the main control terminal 7, the gate control module 5 is connected with the main control terminal 7, and the storage module 6 is connected with the main control terminal 7;

[0058] The lens module 1 uses the refraction principle of the lens to converge external light onto the photosensitive element of the camera;

[0059] The superconducting detector module 2 is used to detect a single photon and convert it into an electrical signal;

[0060] The data processing module 3 is used to process the digital signal from the reading module 4;

[0061] The reading module 4 is used to read the electrical signal output by the superconducting detector and convert it into a digital signal for subsequent processing;

[0062] The gate control module 5 is used to achieve accurate detection of light signals and can also improve the signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of the camera;

[0063] The storage module 6 is used to store the photon data captured by the camera;

[0064] The array unit 8 uses a superconducting nanowire array to form multiple rows and columns, and can measure signals from an entire row or column of pixels at one time;

[0065] The time domain multiplexing unit 9 is used for detection of a two-dimensional superconducting nanowire single photon detector array;

[0066] The read frame unit 10 is used to reduce the number of readout lines while maintaining sensitivity to weak signals and a high signal-to-noise ratio.

[0067] In this embodiment, the reading frame unit 10 is capable of reducing the number of readout lines while maintaining sensitivity to weak signals and a high signal-to-noise ratio; through elements such as thermal coupling and resistive thermal couplers, signals from multiple pixels are combined onto several room-temperature readout lines; the time domain multiplexing unit 9 applies time domain multiplexing technology to the detection of a two-dimensional superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array; by measuring the time required to trigger row detectors and column detectors to determine which pixel emits the signal, the need for readout lines is reduced; the array unit 8 constructs a camera with crossed superconducting nanowire arrays that form multiple rows and columns; each pixel is uniquely defined by its row and column, making it possible to measure signals from an entire row or column of pixels at once, rather than recording data for each individual pixel, thereby greatly reducing the number of readout lines.

[0068] Further, the data processing module 3 includes a data receiving unit 11, a preprocessing unit 12, a signal extraction unit 13, a data analysis unit 14 and a result output unit 15, and the data receiving unit 11, the preprocessing unit 12, the signal extraction unit 13, the data analysis unit 14 and the result output unit 15 are all connected to the superconducting detector module 2;

[0069] The data receiving unit 11 is used to receive raw photon data from a detector or a storage module of a camera;

[0070] The pre-processing unit 12 is used to perform preliminary processing on the received raw data;

[0071] The signal extraction unit 13 is used to extract useful photon signals from the preprocessed data;

[0072] The data analysis unit 14 is used to further analyze and process the extracted photon signal;

[0073] The result output unit 15 is used to output the analyzed result to the user or other system components in an appropriate manner.

[0074] In this embodiment, the data receiving unit 11 is generated at a high rate and high frequency, so the data receiving unit 11 needs to have the ability to transmit and receive high-speed data; the preprocessing unit 12 includes denoising, filtering, calibration, etc. These processing steps help reduce errors and interference in the data and improve the accuracy and reliability of the data; the signal extraction unit 13 includes detecting the arrival time, position, intensity and other information of the photons, and converting this information into a format that can be used for subsequent analysis; the data analysis unit 14 obtains detailed information about the scene or target. This may include calculating the statistical characteristics of photons, performing image reconstruction, performing three-dimensional imaging, etc., and the result output unit 15 includes displaying images, generating reports, sending data, etc.

[0075] Further, the gate control module 5 includes a timing controller unit 16, a high voltage unit 17, a gate control signal transmitter unit 18 and a synchronization unit 19, and the timing controller unit 16, the high voltage unit 17, the gate control signal transmitter unit 18 and the synchronization unit 19 are all connected to the main control terminal 7;

[0076] The timing controller unit 16 is responsible for generating accurate timing signals;

[0077] The high voltage unit 17 is used to provide the required high voltage power supply for the detection element of the camera;

[0078] The gate signal transmitter unit 18 is used to generate a gate signal, which is used to control the exposure window of the camera;

[0079] The synchronization unit 19 is used to ensure synchronization between the door control module 5 and other system components.

[0080] In this embodiment, the timing controller unit 16 controls the exposure and signal acquisition process of the camera. The timing controller is usually highly accurate and programmable, and can adjust the exposure time and the width of the acquisition window according to experimental requirements; the high-voltage unit 17 has an important influence on the performance of the camera in the single-photon camera, and the stability and accuracy of the high-voltage module. By adjusting the voltage of the high-voltage module, the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of the detector can be optimized; the gated signal transmitter unit 18 is usually a short pulse signal, and its width and position can be adjusted according to experimental requirements. When the gated signal is at a high level, the camera is in an exposure state; when the gated signal is at a low level, the camera is in a non-exposure state; the synchronization unit 19 is usually implemented through precise timing control to ensure that the camera can capture the light signal at the right time.

[0081] Further, the storage module 6 includes a data cache unit 20, a data storage unit 21, a storage management unit 22 and a data write-read unit 23, and the data cache unit 20, the data storage unit 21, the storage management unit 22 and the data write-read unit 23 are all connected to the main control end 7;

[0082] The data cache unit 20 is used to temporarily store the photon data received from the camera detector;

[0083] The data storage unit 21 is used to store photon data for a long time;

[0084] The storage management unit 22 is responsible for monitoring and managing the storage resources of the storage module;

[0085] The data writing and reading unit 23 is used to transfer data from the data cache unit 20 to the data storage unit.

[0086] In this embodiment, the data cache unit 20 needs to have sufficient capacity and speed to ensure that data will not be lost and is accurately transmitted in subsequent processing; the data storage unit 21 includes various storage devices, such as a solid state hard disk (SSD), a mechanical hard disk (HDD) or a dedicated data storage array; the data storage unit needs to have high reliability, large capacity and fast access speed to ensure data integrity and availability; the storage management unit 22 includes the allocation, release and recovery of storage space, as well as the optimization and monitoring of storage performance. The storage management unit also needs to process data backup and recovery operations to ensure data reliability and recoverability; the data writing and reading unit 23 includes an efficient data interface and transmission protocol to ensure fast and accurate data transmission. .

[0087] Furthermore, the single-photon camera structure further includes an encryption module 24 and a verification module 25, wherein the encryption unit is connected to the main control terminal 7, and the verification module 25 is connected to the encryption module 24;

[0088] The encryption module 24 is used to ensure the security of the data captured by the camera during transmission and storage;

[0089] The verification module 25 is used to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the data.

[0090] In this embodiment, the encryption module 24 is used to ensure the security of the data captured by the camera during transmission and storage; the verification module 25 is used to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data.

[0091] Further, the encryption module 24 includes a key management unit 26, a data encryption unit 27, a data decryption unit 28 and an encryption protocol processing unit 29, and the key management unit 26, the data encryption unit 27, the data decryption unit 28 and the encryption protocol processing unit 29 are all connected to the main control terminal 7;

[0092] The key management unit 26 is used to generate, store and manage the keys required in the encryption process;

[0093] The data encryption unit 27 is used to encrypt the data captured by the camera using a key;

[0094] The data decryption unit 28 is used to decrypt the encrypted data using a corresponding key;

[0095] The encryption protocol processing unit 29 is used to process the protocols and communications involved in the encryption and decryption processes.

[0096] In this embodiment, the key management unit 26 ensures the basis of data security, so it must be properly kept to prevent leakage; the encryption process of the data encryption unit 27 may adopt a variety of encryption algorithms, such as a symmetric encryption algorithm (such as AES) or an asymmetric encryption algorithm (such as RSA) to ensure the security of data during transmission; the data decryption unit 28 usually occurs after the data is securely transmitted to the destination, and the recipient needs to use the decryption key to restore the original data; the encryption protocol processing unit 29 includes negotiation with the data recipient, key exchange, transmission of encrypted data, etc.

[0097] Further, the verification module 25 includes a data checking unit 30, a data comparison unit 31, an error processing unit 32 and a data recovery unit 33, and the data checking unit 30, the data comparison unit 31, the error processing unit 32 and the data recovery unit 33 are all connected to the encryption module 24;

[0098] The data checking unit 30 is used to check the stored data;

[0099] The data comparison unit 31 is used to compare the stored data with known reference data or expected results;

[0100] The error handling unit 32 is used to handle errors found during data verification or comparison;

[0101] The data recovery unit 33 is used to try to recover the data when the stored data is damaged or lost.

[0102] In this embodiment, the data check unit 30 ensures the accuracy and integrity of the data; it may use a variety of check algorithms, such as parity check, cyclic redundancy check (CRC), etc., to detect and correct errors that may occur during data transmission or storage; the data comparison unit 31 verifies the correctness and consistency of the data. This helps to find any anomalies or errors and take appropriate measures to correct them; the error handling unit 32 includes functions such as error logging, error reporting, and error correction to ensure that the stored data is reliable and accurate; the data recovery unit 33 uses backup data, data reconstruction or other recovery technologies to minimize the impact of data loss on system performance.

[0103] Furthermore, the single-photon camera structure further includes an alarm module 34 and a cooling module 35 , wherein the alarm module 34 is connected to the main control terminal 7 , and the cooling module 35 is connected to the superconducting detector module 2 .

[0104] The alarm module 34 is used to detect abnormal conditions and issue an alarm during the operation of the camera;

[0105] The cooling module 35 is used to ensure that the superconducting detector can work stably at an extremely low temperature.

[0106] In this embodiment, the alarm module 34 is used to detect abnormal conditions and issue an alarm during the operation of the camera; the cooling module 35 is used to ensure that the superconducting detector can work stably at extremely low temperatures.

[0107] Further, the alarm module 34 includes a sensor monitoring unit 36, a performance monitoring unit 37, a communication fault detection unit 38 and an alarm output unit 39, and the sensor monitoring unit 36, the performance monitoring unit 37, the communication fault detection unit 38 and the alarm output unit 39 are all connected to the main control terminal 7;

[0108] The sensor monitoring unit 36 ​​is used to monitor various sensors of the camera;

[0109] The performance monitoring unit 37 is used to monitor the performance parameters of the camera;

[0110] The communication fault detection unit 38 is used to monitor the communication status between the camera, the computer, the storage device, and the network;

[0111] The alarm output unit 39 is used to output the alarm information to the user in an appropriate manner.

[0112] In this embodiment, the sensor monitoring unit 36 ​​includes a temperature sensor, a voltage sensor, and a current sensor. When the readings of these sensors exceed a preset safety range, the sensor monitoring unit 36 ​​will trigger an alarm; the performance monitoring unit 37 includes frame rate, resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio. If the performance of the camera drops below a preset threshold, the unit will issue an alarm to prompt the user that there may be a problem with the camera; the communication fault detection unit 38 will immediately issue an alarm when communication is interrupted or a fault occurs, to ensure that the user can discover and solve the problem in a timely manner; the alarm output unit 39 includes sound alarms, visual alarms, and sending alarm information via the Internet or text messages.

[0113] Further, the cooling module 35 includes a refrigeration unit 40, a temperature control unit 41, a heat exchange unit 42 and a vacuum sealing unit 43, and the refrigeration unit 40, the temperature control unit 41, the heat exchange unit 42 and the vacuum sealing unit 43 are all connected to the superconducting detector module 2;

[0114] The refrigeration unit 40 is used to provide sufficient refrigeration capacity;

[0115] The temperature control unit 41 is used to monitor and adjust the temperature of the superconducting detector;

[0116] The heat exchange unit 42 is used to transfer the cold energy generated by the refrigeration unit 40 to the superconducting detector;

[0117] The vacuum sealing unit 43 is used to ensure the vacuum degree inside the cooling module 35 .

[0118] In this embodiment, the refrigeration unit 40 cools the superconducting detector to the required low temperature range; it can adopt thermoelectric cooling, low-temperature refrigerator or liquid ammonia refrigerator; these technologies can ensure that the superconducting detector operates at a temperature close to the absolute minimum, thereby maintaining its superconducting properties; the temperature control unit 41 can detect the temperature of the detector in real time, and adjust the refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration unit 40 as needed to keep the detector operating in a stable low-temperature state; the heat exchange unit 42 takes away the heat discharged from the detector, and the design of the heat exchanger needs to ensure efficient heat transfer to reduce energy loss and improve cooling efficiency; the vacuum sealing unit 43 prevents external heat from entering the module through air conduction or radiation; it includes a vacuum pump, a vacuum chamber and a sealing material.

[0119] What is disclosed above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiment and equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A single-photon camera structure, characterized in that: It includes a lens module, a superconducting detector module, a data processing module, a reading module, a gate control module, a storage module and a main control end, wherein the main control end is connected with an array unit, a time domain multiplexing unit and a reading frame unit, the superconducting detector module is connected with the lens module, the data processing module is connected with the superconducting detector module, the array unit, the time domain multiplexing unit and the reading frame unit are all connected with the superconducting detector module, the reading module is connected with the main control end, the gate control module is connected with the main control end, and the storage module is connected with the main control end; The lens module uses the refraction principle of the lens to converge external light onto the photosensitive element of the camera; The superconducting detector module is used to detect a single photon and convert it into an electrical signal; The data processing module is used to process the digital signal from the reading module; The reading module is used to read the electrical signal output by the superconducting detector and convert it into a digital signal for subsequent processing; The gating module is used to achieve accurate detection of light signals and can also improve the signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of the camera; The storage module is used to store photon data captured by the camera; The array unit uses a superconducting nanowire array to form multiple rows and columns, and can measure signals from an entire row or column of pixels at one time; The time domain multiplexing unit is used for detection of a two-dimensional superconducting nanowire single photon detector array; The read frame unit is used to enable a reduction in the number of readout lines while maintaining sensitivity to weak signals and a high signal-to-noise ratio.

2. The single-photon camera structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing module includes a data receiving unit, a preprocessing unit, a signal extraction unit, a data analysis unit and a result output unit, and the data receiving unit, the preprocessing unit, the signal extraction unit, the data analysis unit and the result output unit are all connected to the superconducting detector module; The data receiving unit is used to receive raw photon data from a detector or a storage module of the camera; The preprocessing unit is used to perform preliminary processing on the received raw data; The signal extraction unit is used to extract useful photon signals from the preprocessed data; The data analysis unit is used to further analyze and process the extracted photon signal; The result output unit is used to output the analyzed result to the user or other system components in an appropriate manner.

3. The single-photon camera structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gate control module includes a timing controller unit, a high voltage unit, a gate control signal transmitter unit and a synchronization unit, and the timing controller unit, the high voltage unit, the gate control signal transmitter unit and the synchronization unit are all connected to the main control end; The timing controller unit is responsible for generating accurate timing signals; The high voltage unit is used to provide the required high voltage power supply for the detection element of the camera; The gate signal transmitter unit is used to generate a gate signal, which is used to control the exposure window of the camera; The synchronization unit is used to ensure synchronization between the door control module and other system components.

4. The single-photon camera structure as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The storage module includes a data cache unit, a data storage unit, a storage management unit and a data write-read unit, and the data cache unit, the data storage unit, the storage management unit and the data write-read unit are all connected to the main control end; The data cache unit is used to temporarily store photon data received from the camera detector; The data storage unit is used to store photon data for a long time; The storage management unit is responsible for monitoring and managing the storage resources of the storage module; The data writing and reading unit is used to transfer data from the data cache unit to the data storage unit.

5. The single-photon camera structure as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The single-photon camera structure further includes an encryption module and a verification module, wherein the encryption unit is connected to the main control end, and the verification module is connected to the encryption module; The encryption module is used to ensure the security of the data captured by the camera during transmission and storage; The verification module is used to ensure the accuracy and completeness of data.

6. The single-photon camera structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The encryption module includes a key management unit, a data encryption unit, a data decryption unit and an encryption protocol processing unit, and the key management unit, the data encryption unit, the data decryption unit and the encryption protocol processing unit are all connected to the main control end; The key management unit is used to generate, store and manage the keys required in the encryption process; The data encryption unit is used to encrypt the data captured by the camera using a key; The data decryption unit is used to decrypt the encrypted data using a corresponding key; The encryption protocol processing unit is used to process the protocols and communications involved in the encryption and decryption processes.

7. The single-photon camera structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The verification module includes a data checking unit, a data comparison unit, an error processing unit and a data recovery unit, and the data checking unit, the data comparison unit, the error processing unit and the data recovery unit are all connected to the encryption module; The data checking unit is used to check the stored data; The data comparison unit is used to compare the stored data with known reference data or expected results; The error handling unit is used to handle errors found during data verification or comparison; The data recovery unit is used to try to recover the data when the stored data is damaged or lost.

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