Copper crucible remanufacturing equipment
The copper crucible remanufacturing device addresses the challenge of multi-step cutting by employing a multi-directional displacement mechanism and limiting mechanism for precise, efficient, and cost-effective one-step cutting of copper crucibles.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421095151.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-03
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-05-20
AI Technical Summary
Existing copper crucible remanufacturing devices cannot cut crucibles into the required size in one step, leading to inefficiencies and resource waste.
A copper crucible remanufacturing device equipped with a cutting device featuring a first, second, and third direction displacement mechanism, along with a cutting head, allowing precise control and one-time cutting to the desired size, and includes a limiting mechanism to stabilize the copper plate during laser cutting.
Enables accurate and efficient one-step cutting of copper crucibles to specific sizes and shapes, reducing production costs and resource waste while ensuring high precision and safety.
Smart Images
Figure CN222289130U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a copper crucible remanufacturing device. Background Art
[0002] In the field of metallurgy, copper crucibles play a vital role. They are often used to melt metals, alloys or other smelting raw materials. The choice of copper crucible usually depends on the material and temperature range required for smelting. It can withstand higher temperatures and is less reactive to certain metals. In the copper smelting process, copper crucibles are not only used to melt copper, but also for the preparation of alloys and other smelting processes. Choosing the right copper crucible is essential to ensure the smooth progress of the smelting process and the quality of the final product.
[0003] Remanufacturing of copper crucibles in the metallurgical field refers to the repair, reprocessing or transformation of used copper crucibles to make them usable again. This remanufacturing process can include steps such as cleaning, repairing cracks, recoating refractory materials, repairing or replacing damaged parts; it also includes remanufacturing techniques such as remanufacturing smelting, cutting or welding; to ensure that the copper crucible can be used safely and effectively again. Remanufacturing of copper crucibles helps to extend their service life, reduce resource waste, and has economic and environmental significance in the metallurgical industry.
[0004] In the patent "A copper plate cutting device" (publication number CN107855580A, hereinafter referred to as prior art 1), a copper plate cutting device is disclosed. Prior art 1 adopts a cutting device provided with a clamping mechanism, and the copper sheet is pressed on the workbench by the clamping device, and then the protruding part of the copper sheet is cut by the cutter; the cutting device in prior art 1 can only cut copper plates of fixed size, and the cut part needs to be fed repeatedly; the size of the copper plate in prior art 1 cannot be controlled, and multiple processing is required to obtain the desired size. Utility Model Content
[0005] In view of this, an embodiment of the utility model provides a copper crucible remanufacturing device to solve the problem in the prior art that it is impossible to cut the crucible into the required size in one step.
[0006] In the first aspect, the embodiment of the utility model provides a copper crucible remanufacturing equipment, including a working base and a cutting device arranged on the top of the working base; the working base is supported by supporting legs and is provided with a accommodating cavity at the bottom; a plurality of material receiving boxes are arranged in the cavity; the cutting device includes a first direction displacement mechanism and a second direction displacement mechanism; a first support platform and a second support platform are provided on both sides of the working base; the first direction displacement mechanism is movably arranged along the setting direction of the first support platform and the second support platform; the second direction displacement mechanism is movably arranged along the setting direction of the first direction displacement mechanism; the cutting head of the cutting device is arranged by a third direction displacement mechanism; the third direction displacement mechanism is movably arranged along the setting direction of the second direction displacement mechanism; the accommodating cavity is arranged through; a receiving frame is provided on the top of the cavity; the receiving frame is fixedly installed through both sides of the working base at uniform intervals; each of the receiving frames is provided with a plurality of receiving teeth; a plurality of the receiving frames are directly arranged at uniform intervals to form a leakage hole, and the leakage hole is connected to the material receiving box.
[0007] Preferably, the interior of the support platform is hollow; a pair of first direction guide rails are respectively arranged on the top of the first support platform and the second support platform; the first direction displacement mechanism is slidably connected to the pair of first direction guide rails through a pair of sliders; and the second direction displacement mechanism is slidably connected through a second direction guide rail arranged on the top of the first direction displacement mechanism.
[0008] Preferably, the second-direction displacement mechanism is provided with a third-direction guide rail perpendicular to the second-direction displacement mechanism via a connecting plate; the third-direction displacement mechanism is slidably connected to the second-direction displacement mechanism via the third-direction guide rail.
[0009] Preferably, a receiving frame mounting plate is provided inside the first supporting platform and the second supporting platform; and both ends of the receiving frame are fixed by the receiving frame mounting plates provided inside the first supporting platform and the second supporting platform, respectively.
[0010] Preferably, the receiving frame is arranged in a sheet shape; the receiving frame mounting plate is a square tube with an opening on the side, and the square tube is provided with a limiting groove extending from the top to the middle of the square tube; there are a plurality of limiting grooves, and the plurality of limiting grooves are evenly spaced on the square tube.
[0011] Preferably, the working base is further provided with a support frame below the receiving frame; the support frame comprises a support plate and a support rod; the support plate and the support rod are vertically arranged.
[0012] Preferably, the support rods are arranged in the same direction as the receiving frames, and are evenly spaced apart at positions between the two receiving frames.
[0013] Preferably, the cutting device also includes a limiting mechanism; the limiting mechanism includes a limiting block and a movable limiting frame; the movable limiting frame is arranged on the top of the working base and is movably assembled through a pair of first direction guide rails arranged on both sides of the top of the working base.
[0014] Preferably, the limit block includes a first end limit block and a second end limit block; the first end limit block is movably assembled with the first limit guide rail at the bottom of the movable limit frame through a slider; the second end limit block is movably assembled with the second limit guide rail at one end of the working base through a slider.
[0015] Preferably, the first end limit block and the second end limit block are both provided with fixing bolts; and the second end limit block is movably arranged at the bottom of the movable limit frame in an inverted hanging manner.
[0016] The copper crucible remanufacturing equipment provided by the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0017] The cutting device in the utility model can perform one-time cutting and shaping of the required size; the cutting device mainly comprises a first direction displacement mechanism, a second direction displacement mechanism and a third direction displacement mechanism, which move along the first and second support table directions respectively. In addition, the cutting head is arranged by the third direction displacement mechanism so that it moves along the direction of the second direction displacement mechanism. These displacement mechanisms can move the cutting head to the required position through precise control to meet the specific required size. For example, if a copper plate needs to be cut into copper sheets of a specific size, the operator can adjust the cutting head in the horizontal and vertical directions through the control mechanism to ensure the accuracy and precision of the cutting. The entire cutting process can be completed in one operation because the cutting device is highly adjustable and accurate and can meet the requirements of different sizes and shapes. This can improve work efficiency, reduce production costs, and ensure that the cutting results meet the expected requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the utility model, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiment of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work, and these are all within the protection scope of the utility model.
[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the top structure of a copper crucible remanufacturing device;
[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the receiving frame part of the copper crucible remanufacturing equipment;
[0021] Figure 3It is a partial structural diagram of a receiving frame of a copper crucible remanufacturing equipment;
[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal side structure of a receiving frame of a copper crucible remanufacturing equipment;
[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cutting partial structure of a copper crucible remanufacturing device;
[0024] Parts and numbers in the picture:
[0025] 10-working table, 11-receiving box, 12-first supporting platform, 13-second supporting platform, 14-cutting head, 15-receiving frame, 151-receiving teeth, 152-leakage hole, 16-receiving frame mounting plate, 161-limiting groove, 171-support plate, 172-support rod; 21-first direction displacement mechanism, 22-second direction displacement mechanism, 23-third direction displacement mechanism, 24-first direction guide rail, 25-second direction guide rail, 26-third direction guide rail, 27-connecting plate; 31-first end limit block, 32-second end limit block, 33-movable limit frame, 34-first limit guide rail, 35-second limit guide rail, 36-fixing bolt; 40-copper plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the utility model clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the utility model. It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. In the description of the utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the utility model. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprises..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements. If there is no conflict, the embodiments of the utility model and the various features in the embodiments can be combined with each other, all within the scope of protection of the utility model.
[0027] Example 1
[0028] See also Figure 1 The embodiment of the utility model provides a copper crucible remanufacturing equipment, including a working base and a cutting device arranged on the top of the working base; the working base is supported by supporting legs and is provided with a receiving cavity at the bottom; a plurality of material receiving boxes 11 are provided in the cavity; when the copper plate 40 after remanufacturing is formed, it is necessary to cut it into copper blocks of a preset size, and waste will be generated when it is cut; in the cutting process, since the cutting temperature is relatively high and laser cutting is adopted in the utility model; the waste generated under this cutting condition has a certain temperature. If the material receiving box 11 is not adopted to collect the waste, and the waste is allowed to fall on the working table 10 or the ground, the waste will be fixed to the working table 10 or the ground after the temperature cools down, and it is difficult to clean; the material receiving box 11 is adopted to collect the waste, which can not only recycle the waste for reuse, but also effectively protect the working environment.
[0029] See also Figure 1The cutting device includes a first direction displacement mechanism 21 and a second direction displacement mechanism 22; a first support platform 12 and a second support platform 13 are provided on both sides of the working base; the first direction displacement mechanism 21 is movably arranged along the setting direction of the first support platform 12 and the second support platform 13; the second direction displacement mechanism 22 is movably arranged along the setting direction of the first direction displacement mechanism 21; the cutting head 14 of the cutting device is arranged through a third direction displacement mechanism 23; the third direction displacement mechanism 23 is movably arranged along the setting direction of the second direction displacement mechanism 22; since the area of the working table 10 on the top of the working base is also relatively large, the cutting surface to be covered is also relatively wide, and the three-direction displacement mechanism is used to fully cover it, so that the copper plate 40 to be cut can be cut in all directions; the first direction displacement mechanism The mechanism 21 moves in a longitudinal direction on the work surface 10 of the work base, so that it can cut the length direction of the remanufactured copper plate 40; the second directional displacement mechanism 22 moves in a transverse direction on the work surface 10 of the work base, so that it can cut the width direction of the remanufactured copper plate 40; the third directional displacement mechanism 23 generates a moving away or approaching movement between the second displacement mechanism and the copper plate 40; the cutting work of the remanufactured copper plate 40 can be completed by the first directional displacement mechanism 21 and the second directional displacement mechanism 22; when the cutting head 14 is installed using the third directional displacement mechanism 23, the cutting head 14 is a laser cutting setting; the efficiency of its cutting work is adjusted by setting the interval between the cutting head 14 and the remanufactured copper plate 40.
[0030] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 The receiving cavity is through-set; a receiving frame 15 is provided on the top of the cavity; the receiving frame 15 is fixedly installed at uniform intervals through both sides of the working base; each receiving frame 15 is provided with a plurality of receiving teeth 151; a plurality of receiving frames 15 are directly arranged at uniform intervals to form a material leakage hole 152, and the material leakage hole 152 is connected to the material receiving box 11; the receiving space is connected to the working table 10, so that the waste of the copper plate 40 after cutting can pass through the through part and fall into the material receiving box 11 ; However, the required thickness of the copper plate 40 used in the manufacture of the copper crucible is not high, so it must be fixed when cutting it. If it is not fixed, the vibration generated during laser cutting will affect the cutting work and lose the required cutting accuracy; therefore, a receiving frame 15 with many receiving teeth 151 is used to receive it, and it has a certain limiting effect. Since there are a large number of receiving teeth 151, many receiving teeth 151 are in contact with one side of the remanufactured steel plate, resulting in more contact parts, greater friction, and a limitation on the slippage of its position.
[0031] The interior of the support platform is hollow; a pair of first direction guide rails 24 are respectively arranged on the top of the first support platform 12 and the second support platform 13; the first direction displacement mechanism 21 is slidably connected to the pair of first direction guide rails 24 through a pair of sliders; the second direction displacement mechanism 22 is slidably connected through a second direction guide rail 25 arranged on the top of the first direction displacement mechanism 21. The second direction displacement mechanism 22 is provided with a third direction guide rail 26 perpendicular to itself through a connecting plate 27; the third direction displacement mechanism 23 is slidably connected to the second direction displacement mechanism 22 through the third direction guide rail 26. The support platform is arranged on both sides, the interior is hollow, and a slide rail is arranged on the top, so that each component has a position where it can be stably installed; so that the displacement mechanisms in three directions can stably complete the cutting process.
[0032] Example 2
[0033] See also Figure 1 The embodiment of the utility model provides a copper crucible remanufacturing device, wherein the first support platform 12 and the second support platform 13 are both provided with a support frame mounting plate 16; the two ends of the support frame 15 are respectively fixed by the support frame mounting plates 16 provided inside the first support platform 12 and the second support platform 13. The support frame 15 is provided in a sheet shape; the support frame mounting plate 16 is a square tube with an opening on the side, and the square tube is provided with a limiting groove 161 extending from the top to the middle of the square tube; the limiting grooves 161 are provided in a plurality, and the plurality of limiting grooves 161 are evenly spaced on the square tube. The receiving frame 15 and the receiving frame mounting plate 16 are detachably arranged. When the remanufactured copper plate 40 is completely cut and separated during laser cutting, the laser cutting will penetrate the depth of the copper plate 40 and reach the position of the receiving frame 15, which will cause certain damage to the receiving frame 15, thereby reducing the restricting effect on the remanufactured copper plate 40 and requiring replacement of a new receiving frame 15. However, the overall area covered by the receiving frame 15 is relatively large, and the overall replacement cost is relatively high. Therefore, each receiving frame 15 and the receiving frame mounting plate 16 are detachably arranged, which is not only convenient for installation and disassembly, but also convenient for partial replacement when part of it is damaged, thereby saving costs.
[0034] See also Figure 2In order to avoid damage to the receiving frame 15 due to the large area and high mass of the copper plate 40, the receiving frame 15 is relatively thin and is subjected to greater pressure; therefore, the working base is also provided with a support frame below the receiving frame 15; the support frame includes a support plate 171 and a support rod 172; the support plate 171 and the support rod 172 are vertically arranged; the support plate 171 and the two sides of the working base support the longitudinal position of the receiving frame 15; the support rod 172 is consistent with the direction in which the receiving frame 15 is set, and is evenly spaced between the two receiving frames 15; the support rod 172 provides an auxiliary support for the horizontal position of the receiving frame 15; the support rod 172 is fixed by the first support platform 12 and the second support platform 13 on both sides of the working base, and also supports the receiving frame mounting plate 16 to prevent the receiving frame mounting plate 16 from being subjected to excessive gravity.
[0035] Example 3
[0036] See also Figure 5 The embodiment of the utility model provides a copper crucible remanufacturing equipment, wherein the cutting device also includes a limiting mechanism; the limiting mechanism includes a limiting block and a movable limiting frame 33; the movable limiting frame 33 is arranged at the top of the working base, and is movably assembled through a pair of first direction guide rails 24 arranged on both sides of the top of the working base. The limiting block includes a first end limiting block 31 and a second end limiting block 32; the first end limiting block 31 is movably assembled with the first limiting guide rail 34 at the bottom of the movable limiting frame 33 through a slider; the second end limiting block 32 is movably assembled with the second limiting guide rail 35 at one end of the working base through a slider. Both the first end limiting block 31 and the second end limiting block 32 are provided with fixing bolts 36; and the second end limiting block 32 is movably arranged at the bottom of the movable limiting frame 33 in an inverted hanging manner.
[0037] See also Figure 5The limit mechanism includes a limit block and a movable limit frame 33; the movable limit frame 33 changes the position of the first end limit block 31 through the first limit guide rail 34 set at the bottom; the second end limit block 32 changes its position through the slider and the second limit guide rail 35 at one end of the working base; one side of the remanufactured copper plate 40 is contacted with one of the inner walls of the first support platform 12 and the second support platform 13, and the other side is limited by the first end limit block 31 and the second end limit block 32 to limit the position of the two ends of the remanufactured copper plate 40; when the positions of the first end limit block 31 and the second end limit block 32 are fixed, the positions of the first end limit block 31 and the second end limit block 32 are respectively limited on the first limit guide rail 34 and the second limit guide rail 35 by tightening the fixing bolts 36; its limit blocks are set in an angular limit manner, and the copper plate 40 is clamped by the angle setting of the opening.
[0038] Laser cutting technology is to generate a laser beam through a laser generator and transmit it to the cutting head 14 through an optical fiber. The cutting head 14 focuses the laser beam on the surface of the copper plate 40 through a focusing lens to form a small irradiation point. The laser beam produces a strong thermal effect and photomechanical effect on the surface of the copper plate 40 at the irradiation point, causing the rust layer to heat up rapidly and undergo physical or chemical changes. As the laser beam scans, the rust layer is gradually vaporized or melted and blown away by the high-speed airflow. After reaching a certain depth, the copper plate 40 is cut off. The utility model has the function of flexibly adjusting the size of the copper plate 40. During the laser rust removal process, when the laser beam contacts the surface of the copper plate 40, due to the photothermal effect, the copper plate 40 may be slightly moved, which will affect the accuracy and efficiency of the cutting. In order to solve this problem, a limiting mechanism is particularly provided on the workbench to ensure the stability of the copper plate 40 during the processing process. These limiting mechanisms are made of high-strength materials, have a sturdy structure, and can firmly fix the copper plate 40 to prevent it from moving during the laser processing process. The design of the limit mechanism also takes into account scrap steel of different sizes and shapes, and can be adapted to the sizes of various copper plates 40 through simple adjustments, ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of laser cutting.
[0039] Example 4
[0040] See also Figure 1The embodiment of the utility model provides a copper crucible remanufacturing equipment, which provides an effective processing tool for reusing waste copper crucibles, and can remanufacture waste copper crucibles, thereby extending their service life and reducing resource waste. The copper plate 40 is cut accurately. Through the precise control of the first direction displacement mechanism 21, the second direction displacement mechanism 22 and the third direction displacement mechanism 23, the cutting device can be accurately operated at the required position to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of the remanufacturing process. The equipment has a stable support structure. The equipment adopts support legs and support frames to ensure the stability of the working base, thereby providing a good working environment and operating conditions. A reasonable leakage hole 152 is set. Through the setting of the receiving teeth 151 on the receiving frame 15 and the leakage hole 152, the waste can smoothly enter the receiving box 11, avoiding material waste and environmental pollution. The scheme adopts structures such as internal hollow setting, directional guide rail connection, and receiving frame mounting plate 16, so that the equipment is optimized in terms of stability and accuracy, and the overall performance and use experience are improved.
[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, rather than to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solution deviate from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the utility model.
Claims
1. A copper crucible remanufacturing device, characterized in that: It comprises a working base and a cutting device arranged on the top of the working base; the working base is supported by supporting legs and has a receiving cavity at the bottom; a plurality of receiving boxes (11) are arranged in the cavity; The cutting device comprises a first direction displacement mechanism (21) and a second direction displacement mechanism (22); a first support platform (12) and a second support platform (13) are provided on both sides of the working base; the first direction displacement mechanism (21) is movably arranged along the setting direction of the first support platform (12) and the second support platform (13); the second direction displacement mechanism (22) is movably arranged along the setting direction of the first direction displacement mechanism (21); the cutting head (14) of the cutting device is arranged by means of a third direction displacement mechanism (23); the third direction displacement mechanism (23) is movably arranged along the setting direction of the second direction displacement mechanism (22); The accommodating cavity is arranged in a through-going manner; a receiving frame (15) is provided on the top of the cavity; the receiving frame (15) is fixedly installed at both sides of the working base at uniform intervals; each receiving frame (15) is provided with a plurality of receiving teeth (151); a plurality of receiving frames (15) are directly arranged at uniform intervals to form a material leakage hole (152), and the material leakage hole (152) is connected to the material receiving box (11).
2. A copper crucible remanufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the support platform is hollow; a pair of first direction guide rails (24) are respectively arranged on the top of the first support platform (12) and the second support platform (13); the first direction displacement mechanism (21) is slidably connected to the pair of first direction guide rails (24) via a pair of sliders; and the second direction displacement mechanism (22) is slidably connected via a second direction guide rail (25) arranged on the top of the first direction displacement mechanism (21).
3. A copper crucible remanufacturing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second-direction displacement mechanism (22) is provided with a third-direction guide rail (26) perpendicular to the second-direction displacement mechanism (22) via a connecting plate (27); the third-direction displacement mechanism (23) is slidably connected to the second-direction displacement mechanism (22) via the third-direction guide rail (26).
4. The copper crucible remanufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A receiving frame mounting plate (16) is provided inside the first supporting platform (12) and the second supporting platform (13); and both ends of the receiving frame (15) are fixed by the receiving frame mounting plates (16) provided inside the first supporting platform (12) and the second supporting platform (13), respectively.
5. A copper crucible remanufacturing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The receiving frame (15) is provided in a sheet shape; the receiving frame mounting plate (16) is a square tube with an opening on the side, and the square tube is provided with a limiting groove (161) extending from the top to the middle of the square tube; there are a plurality of limiting grooves (161), and the plurality of limiting grooves (161) are evenly spaced and distributed on the square tube.
6. The copper crucible remanufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working base is further provided with a support frame below the receiving frame (15); the support frame comprises a support plate (171) and a support rod (172); the support plate (171) and the support rod (172) are arranged vertically.
7. The copper crucible remanufacturing equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support rods (172) are arranged in the same direction as the receiving frames (15), and are arranged between the two receiving frames (15) at even intervals.
8. The copper crucible remanufacturing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cutting device further comprises a limiting mechanism; the limiting mechanism comprises a limiting block and a movable limiting frame (33); the movable limiting frame (33) is arranged on the top of the working base and is movably assembled through a pair of first direction guide rails (24) arranged on both sides of the top of the working base.
9. The copper crucible remanufacturing equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The limit block comprises a first end limit block (31) and a second end limit block (32); the first end limit block (31) is movably assembled with a first limit guide rail (34) at the bottom of the movable limit frame (33) through a sliding block; the second end limit block (32) is movably assembled with a second limit guide rail (35) at one end of the working base through a sliding block.
10. The copper crucible remanufacturing equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first end limit block (31) and the second end limit block (32) are both provided with fixing bolts (36); and the second end limit block (32) is movably arranged at the bottom of the movable limit frame (33) in an inverted hanging manner.