Five-axis machining tool

Abstract

The utility model discloses a five-axis machine tool, which belongs to the technical field of machining and specifically comprises a tool body and a shell, the tool body comprises a base and a stand column, the base and the stand column are of an integrated structure, a first moving structure is arranged at one end, far away from the stand column, of the base, and a workbench is arranged at the top of the first moving structure. A cradle structure is arranged at the top of the workbench through a second moving structure, an automatic tool changing structure is arranged on the side, close to the workbench, of the stand column, the automatic tool changing structure is connected with the workbench through a third moving structure, the top of the stand column is connected with a machining main shaft through a lifting rotating structure, and the shell is fixedly connected with the base. The stand column and the workbench are both located in an inner cavity of the shell. According to the five-axis machining machine tool, an automatic tool changing structure is additionally arranged at a machining position, the broken tool changing time is shortened, matched tools can be rapidly replaced according to different machining positions, and the machining efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of mechanical processing, in particular to a five-axis processing machine tool. Background Art

[0002] At present, five-axis machining centers are generally used for machining complex curved surfaces, and are generally composed of three linear axes, X, Y, and Z, and two rotation axes. The axis that rotates around the X direction is the A axis, the axis that rotates around the Y direction is the B axis, and the axis that rotates around the Z axis is the C axis. In the prior art, some schemes for five-axis machining centers are disclosed, such as a five-axis machining center disclosed in the authorized patent with application number CN202322337984.X, and a five-axis machining center disclosed in the authorized patent with application number CN202222210381.9.

[0003] When the above-mentioned type of five-axis machining center is in use, the machining spindle is set at the machining position, and the tool magazine is set in an area far away from the machining position. The distance between the tool magazine and the machining spindle is relatively far, so that when changing tools, the machining spindle movement path is relatively long, which increases the time for replacing broken tools. In addition, when the five-axis machining center of the above-mentioned scheme is in use, the machining spindle needs to move along the Y-axis and the Z-axis, resulting in a complex column structure. In addition, since most of the load is borne by the column when the machine tool is in use, in order to ensure the rigidity of the column, the column needs to be manufactured with a stronger material, which increases the manufacturing cost of the five-axis machining center. Based on this, the present application proposes a five-axis machining center. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model provides a five-axis machining machine, which solves the problem proposed in the above-mentioned background technology that the distance between the tool magazine and the machining spindle is far, so that when changing the tool, the moving path of the machining spindle is long, which increases the time for replacing the broken tool; the column structure is complex and needs to be manufactured with stronger materials, which increases the manufacturing cost of the five-axis machining machine.

[0005] The utility model provides the following technical solutions: a five-axis machining machine tool, comprising a bed and a shell, the bed comprising a base and a column, the base and the column are an integrated structure, a moving structure 1 is provided at one end of the base away from the column, a workbench is provided on the top of the moving structure, a cradle structure is provided on the top of the workbench through a moving structure 2, an automatic tool changing structure is provided on the side of the column close to the workbench, the automatic tool changing structure is connected to the workbench through a moving structure 3, a machining spindle is connected to the top of the column through a lifting and rotating structure, the shell is fixedly connected to the base, and the column and the workbench are both located in the inner cavity of the shell;

[0006] The automatic tool changing structure includes a moving block connected to the moving structure in three ways, the moving block is movably connected to a cutter disc on one side close to the workbench, tool seats are evenly arranged on the cutter disc, and the machining spindle is located between the cutter disc and the moving block; the cradle structure includes a moving plate, a supporting side plate, a rotating tooling movably connected to the supporting side plate, and a rotary tooling movably connected to the rotating tooling, and the moving plate and the supporting side plate are an integrated structure.

[0007] Preferably, a safety door and an operation panel are provided on the front of the shell, observation windows are provided on both sides of the shell, an inspection window is provided on the back of the shell, a dust removal structure is provided on the top of the shell, and an alarm is fixed on the outer surface of the shell.

[0008] Preferably, it also includes an automatic lubrication system and a cooling system, the cooling system includes a column cooling system, a spray cooling system and an electric box air conditioner, the column cooling system cools the column by an oil cooler, the spray cooling system adopts a spray cooling method, and the cutting fluid is atomized and then sprayed onto the tool, the spray cooling system includes a cooling water tank, a cooling water pump, a filter box and an atomizing nozzle, the cooling water tank, the cooling water pump and the atomizing nozzle are connected by a pipeline, and an oil filter is provided at the liquid inlet end of the cooling water pump, the atomizing nozzle is connected to the moving block, and the filter box is located between the cooling water tank and the coolant discharge port of the bed; the electric box air conditioner controls the temperature and humidity of the electrical control cabinet.

[0009] Preferably, the rotary tooling and the slewing tooling both adopt a two-pin-one-face positioning method, and the rotary tooling is provided with a slewing motor, and the output shaft end of the slewing motor is fixedly connected to the rotary tooling.

[0010] Preferably, there are two supporting side plates, and supporting side plates are respectively provided at both ends of the movable plate. A rotating motor is fixed to the outer side of one of the supporting side plates, and the output shaft end of the rotating motor is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating tooling.

[0011] Preferably, a broken knife detector is provided on one side of the moving block, the knife disc is a cam structure, and the knife disc adopts a lightweight design.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] 1. The bed and shell of the five-axis machining center are manufactured by integral casting, which not only meets the high strength requirement but also saves costs. The structure of the column is relatively simple, which further reduces the manufacturing cost of the machining center.

[0014] 2. The five-axis machining center has an automatic tool changer at the machining position, which reduces the time for tool replacement in case of tool breakage, and can quickly replace matching tools for different machining positions, thus improving machining efficiency. Through the setting of the cradle structure, the entire cradle is cast as a whole, with high overall strength and strong anti-deformation ability. The tooling part adopts the most traditional two-pin and one-side positioning method, with a small positioning error, which can fully guarantee the accuracy of the product during machining and prevent problems such as product scratches caused by tooling positioning. In addition, the pins are made of hard materials, which reduces the decrease in positioning accuracy caused by the deformation of the positioning pins during use, thus ensuring the machining quality of the workpiece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a front view of the structure of the utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 The utility model structure Figure 1 Back diagram;

[0017] Figure 3 The utility model structure Figure 1 Internal schematic diagram;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structural bed of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the position of the machining spindle and cutter head of the utility model structure.

[0020] In the figure: 1. Base; 2. Shell; 3. Safety door; 4. Operation panel; 5. Observation window; 6. Alarm; 7. Filter box; 8. Cooling water tank; 9. Workbench; 10. Rotating motor; 11. Column; 12. Dust removal structure; 13. Support side plate; 14. Rotating tooling; 15. Rotating tooling; 16. Moving plate; 17. Moving block; 18. Machining spindle; 19. Cutter head; 20. Lifting and rotating structure; 21. Rotating motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0022] The utility model provides a five-axis machining center, comprising a bed and a shell 2, the bed comprising a base 1 and a column 11, the base 1 and the column 11 are of integrated design and are produced by integral casting, the shell 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the base 1, and the shell 2 is produced by integral casting (sheet metal welding), so that when the machining center is produced, only the bed needs to be manufactured by high-strength materials that meet the requirements, which not only meets the high-strength requirement but also saves costs.

[0023] A movable structure 1 is provided at one end of the base 1 away from the column 11, and a workbench 9 is provided on the top of the movable structure. The workbench 9 and the column 11 are both located in the inner cavity of the shell 2. When the machine tool is in use, the shell 2 can intercept processing debris, i.e., dust. The top of the workbench 9 is connected to a cradle structure through a movable structure 2, and an automatic tool changing structure is provided on the side of the column 11 close to the workbench 9. The automatic tool changing structure is connected to the workbench 9 through a movable structure 3. When the five-axis machining center is in use, the automatic tool changing structure can move on the Z axis under the action of the movable structure 3, the cradle structure can move in the X axis direction under the action of the movable structure 2, and the workbench 9 and the cradle structure can move in the Y axis direction under the action of the movable structure 1.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present application, mobile structure one, mobile structure two and mobile structure three all include a ball screw nut structure and a driving motor that drives the ball screw to rotate. The driving motor is a prior art and will not be described here. The ball screw is movably connected to the column 11, the base 1 or the workbench 9, and the driving motor is fixedly connected to the column 11, the base 1 or the workbench 9. The end of the output shaft of the driving motor is fixedly connected to the end of the ball screw through a reducer. The outer ring of the ball screw is threaded with a ball nut. The cradle structure, the workbench 9 or the automatic tool changing structure are fixedly connected to the ball nut. When the driving motor is working, it can drive the ball screw fixedly connected to it to rotate. The rotation of the ball screw makes the ball nut threadedly connected to it move in the direction of the ball screw. When the ball nut moves, it can drive the cradle structure, the workbench 9 or the automatic tool changing structure fixedly connected to it to move, so that the position of the cradle structure, the workbench 9 and the automatic tool changing structure can be changed.

[0025] The top of the column 11 is connected to the processing spindle 18 through the lifting and rotating structure 20. By setting the lifting and rotating structure 20, the height of the processing spindle 18 can be changed, and the rotating structure can drive the processing spindle 18 to rotate. In some embodiments of the present application, the lifting and rotating structure 20 includes a hydraulic telescopic rod fixed to the column 11, one end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the column 11, and a rotating motor is fixed to the output end of the hydraulic telescopic rod. The rotating motor is a prior art and will not be described in detail here. The output shaft end of the rotating motor is fixedly connected to the processing spindle 18.

[0026] The above-mentioned automatic tool changing structure includes a moving block 17 connected to the moving structure three. When the moving structure three is working, the moving block 17 moves on the Z axis. The moving block 17 is movably connected to a cutter disc 19 on one side close to the workbench 9. The cutter disc 19 is evenly provided with a cutter holder. In some embodiments of the present application, the cutter holder is clamped by a spiral clamping jaw or a spring clamping force. Depending on the size of the tool handle and the tool head, there are various shapes of jaws and clamping devices to choose from. In some embodiments of the present application, the cutter disc 19 is driven by a servo motor in the prior art. The servo motor is fixedly connected to the moving block 17. The end of the output shaft of the servo motor is fixedly connected to the cutter disc 19 through a reducer. The rotation of the servo motor can drive the cutter disc 19 to rotate. When the cutter disc 19 rotates, the position of the tool can change, which is convenient for tool changing.

[0027] The above-mentioned machining spindle 18 is located between the cutter disc 19 and the moving block 17, and under the action of the moving structure three, the automatic tool changing structure can be linked with the machining spindle 18. On the premise that the automatic tool changing structure does not affect the workpiece processing, the distance between the automatic tool changing structure and the machining spindle 18 is shortened, which can reduce the time for replacing the tool when it breaks, and the matching tool can be quickly replaced for different processing positions, thereby improving the processing efficiency.

[0028] The tool disc 19 is a cam structure, which can easily perform fast and smooth tool changing actions with the electronic control program setting. The tool disc 19 adopts a lightweight design. In some embodiments of the present application, the automatic tool changing structure adopts a lightweight aluminum alloy design, which can reduce the load on the column motor and meet the requirements of high-speed tool changing actions.

[0029] A broken knife detector is provided on one side of the moving block 17. In some embodiments of the present application, the broken knife detector adopts the solution disclosed in the authorized patent with application number CN202121294932.3.

[0030] The cradle structure includes a movable plate 16, a supporting side plate 13, a rotating tooling 14 movably connected to the supporting side plate 13, and a swivel tooling 15 movably connected to the rotating tooling 14. The movable plate 16 and the supporting side plate 13 are an integrated structure, which is cast as a whole, has a high overall strength, and improves the deformation resistance.

[0031] There are two supporting side plates 13, and supporting side plates 13 are respectively provided at both ends of the moving plate 16. A rotating motor 10 is fixed to the outer side of one supporting side plate 13. The output shaft end of the rotating motor 10 is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating fixture 14 through a reducer. The rotating fixture 14 is provided with a rotary motor 21, and the output shaft end of the rotary motor 21 is fixedly connected to the rotating fixture 15 through a reducer. Through the arrangement of the rotating fixture 14 and the rotating fixture 15, when the device is in use, a fixture for clamping the workpiece to be processed is fixed on the rotating fixture 15. When the workpiece is clamped and fixed by the fixture, the workpiece can be rotated 360 degrees during the processing process. Except for the bottom surface, the other five surfaces of the workpiece fixed on the workbench can be processed by the vertical column.

[0032] The rotary fixture 14 and the swivel fixture 15 both adopt the most traditional two-pin-one-face positioning method, which has a small positioning error and can fully guarantee the accuracy of the product during the processing and prevent the product from being scratched due to the positioning of the fixture. In addition, the pin is made of NAK80 hard material, which reduces the decrease in positioning accuracy caused by the deformation of the positioning pin during use.

[0033] The front of the housing 2 is provided with a safety door 3 and an operation panel 4, observation windows 5 are provided on both sides of the housing 2, an inspection window is provided on the back of the housing 2, a dust removal structure 12 is provided on the top of the housing 2, and an alarm 6 is fixed to the outer surface of the housing 2. In some embodiments of the present application, the dust removal structure 12 adopts the solution disclosed in the authorized patent with application number CN202321740111.7.

[0034] A five-axis machining center provided by the present application also includes an automatic lubrication system and a cooling system. The automatic centralized lubrication system can perform timed and quantitative oiling of each lubrication point to keep linear guides, screws, etc. lubricated, reduce mechanical wear, and extend service life. The present application uses an automatic oil supply pump and a throttling distributor to distribute the lubricating oil to each lubrication point, and the automatic oil supply pump and the throttling distributor are both provided with filters, thereby ensuring the quality of the lubricating oil at each lubrication point and the smooth flow of the pipeline.

[0035] The cooling system includes a spindle cooling system, a spray cooling system and an electric box air conditioner. The spindle cooling system cools the spindle through an oil cooler. The spindle cooling system mainly cools the spindle through an oil cooler to extend the life of the spindle. The oil temperature can be normally adjusted to the range of 26°-30°. The spray cooling system adopts a spray cooling method to spray the cutting fluid onto the tool after atomization. The spray cooling system includes a cooling water tank 8, a cooling water pump, a filter box 7 and an atomizing nozzle. The cooling water tank 8, the cooling water pump and the atomizing nozzle are connected by a pipeline, and an oil filter is provided at the liquid inlet end of the cooling water pump. The atomizing nozzle is connected to the moving block 17, and the filter box 7 is located between the cooling water tank 8 and the coolant discharge port of the bed; the electric box air conditioner controls the temperature and humidity of the electrical control cabinet to improve the reliability and life of electrical components, reduce failures of the electrical control system due to high temperature, humidity, etc., and ensure safe and reliable operation of the electrical control system.

[0036] From the above description, it can be seen that when the five-axis machining center is in use, an automatic tool changing structure is added to the machining position, which reduces the time for replacing broken tools, and can quickly replace matching tools for different machining positions to improve machining efficiency; the bed and the outer shell are manufactured by integral casting, which not only meets the high strength requirements but also saves costs, and the structure of the column is relatively simple, further reducing the manufacturing cost of the machining machine.

[0037] The electrical components involved in this application are all prior art, and technicians in this field are familiar with their connection methods. Through these technicians, all the electrical components in this application are connected to their compatible power supplies through wires, and according to the actual situation, a suitable controller is selected to meet the control requirements. The specific connection and control sequence are described below. The electrical connection is completed in a sequential working order, and the detailed connection means are well known in the art. The following mainly introduces the working principle and process, and no further explanation of the electrical control is given.

[0038] To sum up: when the five-axis machining center is in use, the workpiece is fixed on the rotary fixture 15, the workpiece can be driven to rotate by the rotary motor 21, and the workpiece can be driven to rotate by the rotating motor 10. The coordinated use of the rotary motor 21 and the rotating motor 10 allows the workpiece to rotate 360 ​​degrees, so that the five surfaces of the workpiece fixed on the workbench except the bottom surface can be processed by the machining spindle 18. During the machining of the workpiece, the automatic tool changing structure under the action of the moving structure three shortens the distance between the machining spindle 18 and the cutter disc without affecting the machining of the workpiece, and the rotation of the cutter disc can change the position of the tool, so that the machining spindle 18 can quickly replace the tool, thereby improving the tool changing speed and workpiece machining efficiency.

[0039] The standard parts used in the utility model can be purchased from the market, and the special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description in the specification and the drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt the conventional means such as mature bolts, rivets, welding, etc. in the prior art. The machinery, parts and equipment all adopt the conventional models in the prior art and will not be described in detail here. The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field. Although the embodiments of the utility model have been shown and described, it can be understood by ordinary technicians in this field that various changes, modifications, substitutions and modifications can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the utility model. The scope of the utility model is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A five-axis machining machine tool, comprising a bed and a housing (2), characterized in that: The bed comprises a base (1) and a column (11), wherein the base (1) and the column (11) are an integrated structure, a movable structure 1 is provided at one end of the base (1) away from the column (11), a workbench (9) is provided at the top of the movable structure, a cradle structure is provided at the top of the workbench (9) through a movable structure 2, an automatic tool changing structure is provided at a side of the column (11) close to the workbench (9), the automatic tool changing structure is connected to the workbench (9) through a movable structure 3, a machining spindle (18) is connected at the top of the column (11) through a lifting and rotating structure (20), the shell (2) is fixedly connected to the base (1), and the column (11) and the workbench are both located in the inner cavity of the shell (2); The automatic tool changing structure comprises a moving block (17) connected to a moving structure, wherein a side of the moving block (17) close to the workbench (9) is movably connected to a cutter disc (19), and tool seats are evenly arranged on the cutter disc (19), and the processing spindle (18) is located between the cutter disc (19) and the moving block (17); the cradle structure comprises a moving plate (16), a supporting side plate (13), a rotating tool (14) movably connected to the supporting side plate (13), and a rotary tool (15) movably connected to the rotating tool (14), and the moving plate (16) and the supporting side plate (13) are an integrated structure.

2. A five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front of the shell (2) is provided with a safety door (3) and an operation panel (4), both sides of the shell (2) are provided with observation windows (5), the back of the shell (2) is provided with an inspection window, the top of the shell (2) is provided with a dust removal structure (12), and the outer surface of the shell (2) is fixed with an alarm (6).

3. The five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an automatic lubrication system and a cooling system, wherein the cooling system includes a column cooling system, a spray cooling system and an electric box air conditioner. The column cooling system cools the column by means of an oil cooler. The spray cooling system adopts a spray cooling method to spray the cutting fluid onto the tool after atomization. The spray cooling system includes a cooling water tank (8), a cooling water pump, a filter box (7) and an atomizing nozzle. The cooling water tank (8), the cooling water pump and the atomizing nozzle are connected by a pipeline, and an oil filter is provided at the liquid inlet end of the cooling water pump. The atomizing nozzle is connected to a moving block (17). The filter box (7) is located between the cooling water tank (8) and the coolant outlet of the bed. The electric box air conditioner controls the temperature and humidity of the electrical control cabinet.

4. The five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary tooling (14) and the slewing tooling (15) both adopt a two-pin-one-face positioning method. The rotary tooling (14) is provided with a slewing motor (21), and the output shaft end of the slewing motor (21) is fixedly connected to the rotary tooling (15).

5. The five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two supporting side plates (13), and supporting side plates (13) are respectively provided at both ends of the movable plate (16). A rotating motor (10) is fixed on the outer side of one of the supporting side plates (13), and the output shaft end of the rotating motor (10) is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating tooling (14).

6. The five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: A broken knife detector is provided on one side of the moving block (17); the knife disc (19) is a cam structure; and the knife disc (19) adopts a lightweight design.

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