Clamping block of step chuck

Abstract

The utility model relates to clamping blocks (5) of a hexagonal step chuck (19), clamping blocks (28) of a triangular step chuck and clamping blocks (23) of a round step chuck, which are used for clamping an off-axis of a lathe and comprise six, three or four fan-shaped clamping blocks (5) which are circumferentially arranged and spliced. The clamping device is characterized in that the inner side face of the clamping block (5) and the contact face of the outer side of the obliquely-arranged and fixed hexagonal or triangular or round workpiece (14) form a regular hexagonal cylinder (18) or a regular triangular cylinder (22) or a cylinder (24); six, three or four clamping blocks (5) are spliced to form a bottom surface which is in parallel and close contact with the bottom end surface of an inclined workpiece (14); the rotating shaft of the clamping block (5) and the symmetry axis of the contact face of the inclined workpiece (14) form an off-axis angle alpha, and alpha is larger than O degrees and smaller than or equal to 30 degrees. Due to the fact that the clamping block (5) adopts an off-axis design, the problem that a chamfered nut (11) and an offset bolt (12) cannot be machined through an existing clamping block is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of clamping workpieces of lathes, in particular to a clamping block of an eccentric step chuck used for processing chamfered nuts or eccentric head bolts, specifically comprising a clamping block of a hexagonal step chuck, a clamping block of a triangular step chuck, and a clamping block of a circular step chuck. Background Art

[0002] The existing CNC lathe / automatic lathe step chuck is a whole, made of spring steel or similar materials. When the chuck is in the relaxed state, the chuck's aperture is open, which is 0.5 to 2 mm larger than the aperture in the clamped state. When debugging the chuck clamping force, first insert the product such as the hexagonal nut or hexagonal bolt head to be processed, and pull the chuck to the appropriate position of the lathe spindle bushing by adjusting the lathe pull rod. The conical surface of the chuck and the conical surface of the bushing fit closely, shrink the chuck's aperture, and the chuck is pulled into the bushing to fix and clamp it, and is positioned axially and radially for processing.

[0003] The existing lathe chuck rotating shaft is coaxial with the axis of the workpiece processing surface to be processed, and it is impossible to use the existing lathe chuck to process a new rotating cutting workpiece surface that is at a certain angle to the original axis before the workpiece processing. If the clamping block of the existing hexagonal step chuck is used, it is impossible to process the "chamfered nut" with good anti-loosening performance described in Chinese Patent Application No. 202320669219.5 invented by myself, and the "offset head hexagon bolt" with excellent anti-loosening performance described in Chinese Patent Application No. 202320920892.1.

[0004] The above-mentioned "chamfered nut" is a nut with a missing end angle, in which the hexagonal side of an ordinary nut or a lock nut body is rotated around its axis of symmetry to any angle, and then a bevel at one end of the nut body is cut off with an inclined plane at a certain angle relative to the axis of symmetry. The remaining part is a convex surface below half of the end face.

[0005] The above-mentioned "offset hexagon bolt" is a self-locking bolt with excellent anti-loosening performance. The symmetry axis of the inner end face cut by the bolt head forms an off-axis angle with the symmetry axis of the bolt screw at a certain angle.

[0006] The above two anti-loosening fasteners have leading anti-loosening performance in the industry, but they cannot be processed with existing lathes. The reason is that the workpieces clamped by the clamping blocks of the existing lathe chucks are all coaxial with the lathe chucks, and it is impossible to process off-axis workpiece surfaces.

[0007] The existing Chinese patent CN210475586U discloses "An eccentric CNC lathe chuck with positioning function", which is characterized by: comprising a chuck seat, a radial material seat block provided at the center of the chuck seat, and a first eccentric chuck and a second eccentric chuck provided on both sides of the radial material seat block to cooperate with the lathe shaft head to clamp the product at the radial material seat block position, and the two chucks are composed of two arc-shaped chucks connected to the chuck seat. It can be seen that the technical solution is "eccentric" on the same plane, and the processing surface of the workpiece and the lathe axis are still coaxial. Utility Model Content

[0008] In order to overcome the disadvantage that the clamping block of the existing step chuck cannot rotate to process the surface of an eccentric workpiece, the utility model provides a clamping block of an eccentric step chuck fixed on a main shaft of a lathe.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the utility model is implemented as follows:

[0010] The existing step chuck is composed of a clamping mechanism, a spring, a clamping nut, and a clamping block component with an inner step. The clamping mechanism controls the movement of the step clamping block by adjusting the position of the clamping nut to achieve clamping of the workpiece; the spring plays a role in supporting the clamping block, so that the clamping block can fit closely to the surface of the workpiece to ensure the radial fixation of the clamping block; the clamping nut plays an axial fixation of the clamping block; when the clamping nut is tightened, the clamping block moves toward the surface of the workpiece due to pressure, and the spring is also compressed and deformed. When the clamping nut is loosened, the elastic restoring force of the spring loosens the clamping block and separates it from the workpiece. By continuously adjusting the position of the clamping nut, accurate clamping and loosening of the workpiece can be achieved; the clamping mechanism is pushed or manually, pneumatically, or hydraulically; when the clamping block moves backward under pressure, the clamping groove between the chuck bodies is driven to close and narrow, thereby fixing the workpiece.

[0011] The clamping block of the step chuck of the utility model is provided with a clamping groove with a gap of 1 to 5 mm at six or three edges with a hexagonal, triangular or circular step on the chuck body, and one end of the clamping block of the chuck body is axially divided into six, three or four clamping blocks, the opposite sides of the clamping block are 0.1 to 3 mm larger than the opposite sides of the workpiece, the opening edge of the clamping block is on the same clamping surface perpendicular to the rotation axis of the hexagonal, triangular or circular step chuck, the root of the clamping block is connected to the hexagonal, triangular or circular step chuck body, the clamping block is connected to the clamping nut at the root of the chuck body through the connecting block, the six, three or two clamping blocks are arranged in a circular shape, and the inner side thereof constitutes a regular hexagon, a regular trihedron or a cylinder, and the characteristics are:

[0012] The clamping block of the step chuck, after clamping, the inner side surface of the clamping block and the contact surface of the outer side surface of the inclined fixed hexagonal, triangular, or circular workpiece form a regular hexagonal prism, a regular triangular prism, or a cylinder;

[0013] The inner bottom surface of the step of the hexagonal prism, triangular prism or cylindrical body of the clamping block is matched and contacted with the bottom surface of the inclined regular hexagonal prism, regular triangular prism or cylindrical workpiece, and is composed of six, three or four sector-shaped joint surfaces separated by the clamping groove, and the six, three or four sector-shaped joint surfaces are parallel to the bottom end surface of the workpiece perpendicular to the axis of the clamped workpiece;

[0014] The rotation axis of the chuck body where the clamping block is located forms an off-axis angle α with the symmetry axis of the contact surface of the clamping block for clamping the oblique workpiece, and 0°<α≤30°;

[0015] Furthermore, the eccentric angle α is preferably 2°≤α≤4° according to the size of the pitch angle of the thread of the workpiece to be processed, that is, the value of the eccentric angle α satisfies 2°≤α≤4°;

[0016] When the clamping block of the hexagonal, triangular or circular step chuck is in use, the hexagonal, triangular or circular workpiece is obliquely clamped between the clamping blocks by utilizing the clamping block structure with an eccentric design. One end angle of the hexagonal, triangular or circular nut, or one end angle on the inner side of the hexagonal, triangular or circular bolt head will protrude outside the surface to be cut. By using rotary cutting of the tool perpendicular to the rotary axis, the chamfered nut and the eccentric head hexagonal bolt with excellent anti-loosening performance that need to be processed can be obtained.

[0017] Compared with the existing technology, the clamping block of the existing lathe step chuck adopts the same rotating shaft and coaxial structure and cutting process, which cannot process the eccentric nut end and the inner surface of the bolt head, and cannot process the chamfered nuts and eccentric hexagonal bolts with superior performance and leading anti-loosening technology in the world. Especially large chamfered nuts and eccentric hexagonal bolts, which are two anti-loosening fastening products that cannot be produced by cold heading process due to the easy damage of molds by asymmetric extrusion process. The clamping block of the step chuck of the utility model adopts an eccentric structure design, which solves this production technology problem, and the production cost is very low, which will become the mainstream technology for the production of such products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a side view schematic diagram of the structure of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of the hexagonal step chuck of the utility model structure;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic oblique view of the hexagonal step chuck of the utility model structure;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the hexagonal step chuck of the utility model structure;

[0022] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a chamfered hexagonal nut processed by the utility model;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the offset head hexagonal bolt processed by the utility model;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the chamfered round nut processed by the utility model;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the offset head hexagon socket round head bolt processed by the utility model;

[0026] Fig. 9 This is a front view of the clamping block of the triangular step of the utility model;

[0027] Fig.10 It is a front view of the clamping block of the circular step of the utility model.

[0028] In the figure:

[0029] 1. Chuck body 2. Connecting block

[0030] 3. Internal thread 4. Clamping groove

[0031] 5. Clamping block 6. Clamping nut

[0032] 7. Hexagonal step 8. Clamping block bottom

[0033] 9. Inner side of clamping block 10. Edge of clamping block

[0034] 11. Chamfered nut 12. Offset head bolt

[0035] 13. Tool 14. Workpiece

[0036] 15. Workpiece chamfered surface 16. Workpiece original surface

[0037] 17. Clamping block outer chamfer surface 18. Hexagonal column

[0038] 19. Hexagonal step chuck 20. Clamp surface

[0039] 21. Spring 22. Triangular prism

[0040] 23. Clamping block of circular step chuck 24. Cylinder

[0041] 25. Chamfered round nut 26. Offset head hexagon socket round head bolt

[0042] 27, Hexagon 28, Clamping block for triangular step chuck

[0043] 29. Circular stairs 30. Triangular stairs

[0044] 31. Round step chuck 32. Triangular step chuck

[0045] 33. The clamping block α of the hexagonal step chuck is the eccentric angle DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0047] The utility model only improves the clamping block of the hexagonal, triangular, or circular step chuck, wherein the clamping block of the triangular step chuck can clamp a hexagonal nut. Now, examples are given for triangular nuts or circular workpieces, respectively. No restrictions, improvements, or involvement are made to other parts of the chuck, such as the clamping mechanism, spring, clamping nut, and whether the clamping mechanism is driven manually, pneumatically, hydraulically, or electrically, etc. Other parts of the chuck can be any clamping structure and principle, as long as they are matched, combined, and adopt the eccentric clamping block structure and principle described in the utility model, they are all within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0048] Figures 1 to 4 In the figure, the clamping block of the hexagonal step chuck of the utility model for the hexagonal workpiece is shown. In addition, the utility model also includes the processing clamping block of the quadrilateral workpiece and the cylindrical workpiece. Because of the simple structure, ordinary technicians can know it by analogy, so no figure is given. The structural principle is the same as Figures 1 to 4 The same, I won’t repeat it here.

[0049] Figures 1 to 4In the embodiment, the clamping block 33 of the hexagonal step chuck is provided with a hexagonal step 7 on the chuck body 1, and the depth of the hexagonal step 7 satisfies: it can not only clamp the workpiece 14, but also easily remove the workpiece 14 after being loosened. Six or three edges are provided with clamping grooves 4 with a gap of 1 to 5 mm. These six or three clamping grooves 4 evenly divide one end of the clamping block 5 of the chuck body 1 into six clamping blocks 5 or three clamping blocks 5 in the axial direction. The opposite sides of the clamping block 5 are 0.1 to 3 mm larger than the opposite sides of the workpiece 14. The clamping edge 10 of the clamping block 5 is on the same clamping surface 20 perpendicular to the rotation axis of the hexagonal step chuck 19. The outer side of the clamping block 5 may have an outer chamfered surface 17 of the clamping block, or no outer chamfered surface 17 of the clamping block is provided. The root of the clamping block 5 is a spring 21, which is connected to the six The chuck body 1 is connected, and the clamping block 5 is connected to the clamping nut 6 at the root of the chuck body 1 through the connecting block 2. The outer circumference of the clamping block 5 gradually converges coaxially to the outer circumference of the connecting block 2, and the diameter gradually decreases. When the chuck body 1 is pushed forward or pulled backward, the clamping block 5 on the hexagonal step chuck 19 can be opened or closed to release or clamp the workpiece 14. The six or three clamping blocks 5 are arranged in a circular shape, and their inner sides form a regular hexagon or a regular triangle, and match the hexagonal sides of the workpiece 14 of corresponding specifications. When the hexagonal step chuck 19 is loosened, the workpiece 14 can be put in and taken out; when the hexagonal step chuck 19 is clamped, the workpiece 14 can be clamped axially and radially, and the axis of the hexagonal step chuck 19 can rotate.

[0050] The difference between the clamping block 5 of the existing hexagonal step chuck 19 and the clamping block 5 of the hexagonal step chuck 19 is that the inner side surface of the clamping block 5 after clamping and the contact surface of the outer side surface of the inclined fixed hexagonal or triangular workpiece 14 form an inclined regular hexagonal prism or an inclined regular triangular prism; the step clamping block bottom surface 8 of the hexagonal body of the clamping block 5 and the inclined regular hexagonal prism 18 or the regular triangular prism 22 workpiece 14, such as the end of the chamfered nut 11 that does not need to be chamfered, or the offset head bolt 1 2 The bottom surface of the end that does not need to be chamfered is matched and contacted, and the six or three fan-shaped joint surfaces separated by the clamping groove are parallel to the bottom end surface of the workpiece perpendicular to the axis of the inclined workpiece 14 clamped by the hexagonal or triangular joint surface, and the rotation axis of the hexagonal step chuck 19 body 1 where the clamping block 5 is located forms an off-axis angle α with the symmetry axis of the contact surface of the clamped and inclined workpiece 14 in the clamping block 5, and 0°<α≤30°; or 2°, or 3°, or 4°, or 5°, or 30°. That is, the workpiece 14 is tilted at α degrees and fixed in the clamping block 5. According to the size of the pitch angle of the thread of the workpiece to be processed, the off-axis angle α is preferably 2°≤α≤4°.

[0051] When the clamping block 5 of the hexagonal step chuck 19 is in use, the hexagonal or triangular workpiece 14 is clamped and fixed obliquely between the clamping blocks 5 by utilizing its eccentric design structure. One end angle of the hexagonal nut or one end angle on the inner side of the hexagonal bolt head will protrude outside the surface to be cut. By using rotary cutting of the tool 13 perpendicular to the rotating axis, the chamfered nut 11 with excellent anti-loosening performance and the eccentric head hexagonal bolt 12 that need to be processed can be obtained.

[0052] The hexagonal step chuck is composed of a clamping mechanism, a spring 21, a clamping nut 6, and a clamping block 5 with an inner hexagonal step. The clamping mechanism controls the movement of the clamping block 5 on the hexagonal step 7 by adjusting the position of the clamping nut 6 to achieve clamping of the workpiece; the spring 21 plays a role in supporting the clamping block 5 so that the clamping block 5 can fit closely to the surface of the workpiece 14 to ensure radial fixation of the clamping block 5; the clamping nut 6 plays an axial fixation of the clamping block 5; when the clamping nut 6 is tightened, the clamping block 5 moves toward the surface of the workpiece 14 due to pressure, and the spring 21 is also compressed and deformed. When the clamping nut 6 is loosened, the elastic restoring force of the spring 21 loosens the clamping block 5 , separated from the workpiece 14, and the precise clamping and loosening of the workpiece 14 is achieved by continuously adjusting the position of the clamping nut 6; the pushing of the clamping mechanism may be manual, pneumatic, or hydraulic; when the clamping block 5 is moved backward under pressure, the clamping groove 4 between the chuck body 1 is driven to shrink, close and narrow, and the workpiece 14 is fixed. At this time, the bottom surface 8 of the clamping block is in close contact with the end surface of the workpiece 14 that does not need to be processed, and the inner side surfaces 9 of the six or three clamping blocks are in close contact with the six or three side surfaces of the workpiece 14, tightly clamping a part of the workpiece 14, and the other part is exposed outside the edge 10 of the clamping mouth of the clamping block 5, so that the end surface of the workpiece can be rotated and cut with the tool 13.

[0053] Figures 5 to 8 There are four kinds of workpieces in different shapes and a schematic diagram of cutting processing. The workpiece 14 is clamped in the clamping block 5. The tool 13 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the chuck body 1. The workpiece 14 is placed in the clamping block 5. The symmetry axis inside the clamping block 5 is offset at an angle α from the symmetry axis of the chuck body 1. The cutting depth of the tool 13 is determined according to the size of the cutting surface.

[0054] Fig. 9 This is a front view of a triangular step clamping block that can clamp hexagonal nuts, triangular workpieces, and round workpieces.

[0055] Fig.10It is a front view of the clamping block of the circular step. In addition, similarly, the clamping block 23 of the circular step chuck is used to process chamfered nuts and offset hexagon socket bolts with circular cross-sections. In addition to the clamping block 5 being divided into four parts, the bottom surface 8 of the clamping block is four fan-shaped joint surfaces, the inner side surface 9 of the clamping block is an inclined cylinder 24, and the oblique workpiece 14 clamped is also a cylinder. The corresponding clamping block 23 of the circular step chuck has four clamping grooves 4 axially opened, and the other structures and working principles are the same as those of the embodiment of the present invention. Figures 1 to 4 The above is the same and will not be repeated here.

[0056] The clamping block 33 of the hexagonal step chuck, the clamping block 28 of the triangular step chuck and the clamping block 23 of the circular step chuck of the utility model can be processed by a lathe, a milling machine, a sawing machine and a drilling machine, and can be processed for nuts and bolts of different specifications. The specific process can be done by ordinary technicians in this field. It will not be described here.

[0057] Since the utility model adopts the structure of the eccentric clamping block 5, the problem that the clamping block of the existing lathe step chuck rotates coaxially with the step chuck body and cannot process eccentric products such as chamfered nuts 11 and eccentric head bolts 12, and cannot cut the chamfered surface 15 of the workpiece that is asymmetrical with the rotating axis is solved, so that the large-scale and rapid production of anti-loosening products with excellent performance such as chamfered nuts 11 and eccentric head bolts 12 is realized.

[0058] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A clamping block of a step chuck, wherein the chuck body (1) is provided with six, or three, or four edges with steps (7) and a clamping groove (4) with a gap of 1 to 5 mm, and the clamping block (5) of the chuck body (1) is axially divided into six, or three, or four clamping blocks at one end, and the opposite sides of the clamping block (5) are larger than the opposite sides of the workpiece (14) by 0.1 to 3 mm, and the clamping edge (10) of the clamping block (5) is on the same side as the hexagonal step chuck (19), or a triangular step chuck (32), or a circular step chuck (31) on the chuck surface perpendicular to the rotation axis, the root of the clamping block (5) is connected to the chuck body (1), the clamping block (5) is connected to the clamping nut (6) at the root of the chuck body (1) through the connecting block (2), six, three, or four clamping blocks (5) are arranged in a circular shape, and their inner sides form a regular hexagon, a regular trihedron, or a cylinder, characterized in that: The clamping block (5) of the step chuck, after clamping, the inner side surface of the clamping block (5) and the contact surface of the outer side of the inclined fixed hexagonal, triangular, or circular workpiece (14) form a regular hexagonal prism (18), a regular triangular prism (22), or a cylinder (24); The inner bottom surface of the step of the hexagonal prism (18), triangular prism (22), or cylinder (24) of the clamping block (5) is in contact with the bottom surface of the inclined regular hexagonal prism (18), regular triangular prism (22), or cylinder (24) and the workpiece (14), and is a six, three, or four sector-shaped joint surfaces with a clamping groove (4), and the six, three, or four sector-shaped joint surfaces are parallel to the bottom end surface of the workpiece (14) perpendicular to the axis of the clamped workpiece (14); The rotation axis of the chuck body (1) where the clamping block (5) is located forms an off-axis angle α with the symmetry axis of the contact surface of the clamping block (5) for clamping the obliquely-placed workpiece (14), and 0°<α≤30°.

2. The clamping block of the step chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: The value of the off-axis angle α satisfies 2°≤α≤4°.

Images