Waste incineration fly ash high-temperature melting flue gas treatment device
By designing a high-temperature molten flue gas treatment device for waste incineration fly ash with multi-stage treatment components, the problem of difficulty in removing various pollutants in the flue gas is solved, efficient purification of flue gas is achieved, and national emission standards are met.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421211060.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-14
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-05-30
AI Technical Summary
The flue gas generated during the high-temperature melting of fly ash in waste incineration contains a large amount of NOX, HCl, SOX, dioxin and heavy metals and other pollutants, which is difficult to meet the national emission standards.
A high-temperature molten flue gas treatment device for waste incineration fly ash including heat exchange assembly, quench assembly, deacidation assembly, dust removal assembly and denitrification assembly is designed to gradually remove pollutants in the flue gas through a multi-stage treatment process.
This device significantly improves the flue gas purification efficiency and can effectively remove pollutants such as dioxins, heavy metals, NOX, HCl, SOX in the flue gas, ensuring that the flue gas meets national emission standards.
Smart Images
Figure CN222468584U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to a device for processing high-temperature molten flue gas from fly ash from garbage incineration. Background Art
[0002] Waste incineration is a common method of urban waste disposal, but the incineration process produces a large amount of fly ash, which contains a variety of harmful substances, such as heavy metals and dioxins, posing potential risks to the environment and human health.
[0003] High temperature melting is an effective method for treating fly ash from garbage incineration, which can reduce the content of harmful substances and solidify the fly ash to prevent further pollution. However, due to the complex composition of fly ash, a large amount of flue gas containing pollutants such as NOX (nitrogen oxides), HCl (hydrochloric acid), SOX (sulfur compounds), dioxins, heavy metals, etc. will be generated during the high temperature melting process. Therefore, a high temperature melting flue gas treatment device for garbage incineration fly ash is proposed to address the above problems. Utility Model Content
[0004] The utility model aims to overcome the existing defects and provide a waste incineration fly ash high-temperature melting flue gas treatment device to improve the purification efficiency and ensure that the flue gas meets the emission standards.
[0005] The technical scheme for achieving the above object is: a high-temperature melting flue gas treatment device for waste incineration fly ash, comprising a heat exchange component, a quenching component, a deacidification component, a dust removal component and a denitrification component;
[0006] The heat exchange component includes a flue gas heat exchanger, a first heat exchange inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger is connected to an air intake duct, a first heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger is connected to the quenching component, the quenching component is connected to the deacidification component, the deacidification component is connected to the dust removal component, the dust removal component is connected to the second heat exchange inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger, the second heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger is connected to the denitrification component, the outlet of the denitrification component is connected to a fan, and the air outlet of the fan is connected to an exhaust chimney.
[0007] Preferably, the quenching component comprises a quenching tower, the inlet of the quenching tower is connected to the first heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger, and the outlet of the quenching tower is connected to the deacidification component.
[0008] Preferably, the deacidification component includes a semi-dry deacidification tower, the inlet of the semi-dry deacidification tower is connected to the outlet of the quenching tower, the outlet of the semi-dry deacidification tower is connected to the inlet of the dry reactor, and the outlet of the dry reactor is connected to the dust removal component.
[0009] Preferably, the dust removal assembly includes three dust collectors, the outlet of the dry reactor is connected to the three dust collectors in parallel, and the outlets of the three dust collectors merge into one flow path connected to the second heat exchange inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger.
[0010] Preferably, the denitration component comprises a denitration reactor, the inlet of the denitration reactor is connected to the second heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger, and the outlet of the denitration reactor is connected to the fan.
[0011] Preferably, compressed air and ammonia inlets are provided between the inlet of the denitration reactor and the second heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger.
[0012] Preferably, an air intake damper is provided between the outlet of the denitration reactor and the inlet of the fan.
[0013] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the high-temperature melting flue gas treatment device for fly ash from garbage incineration optimizes the treatment process according to the characteristics of the fly ash melting flue gas, and has a better treatment effect on pollutants such as dioxins, heavy metals, NOX, HCl, SOX, etc. in the flue gas; the treatment process has a wide range of applicability, and has a good impact resistance to the flue gas after the hazardous waste melting treatment with fly ash of such characteristics; the purification efficiency is improved, and the flue gas is guaranteed to meet the national emission standards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Figure 1 It is a connection schematic diagram of a waste incineration fly ash high-temperature melting flue gas treatment device of the utility model.
[0015] In the figure: 1. Flue gas heat exchanger; 2. Air intake duct; 3. Fan; 4. Chimney; 5. Rapid cooling tower; 6. Semi-dry deacidification tower; 7. Dry reactor; 8. Dust collector; 9. Denitrification reactor; 10. Compressed air and ammonia inlet; 11. Air intake damper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0017] The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, a high-temperature melting flue gas treatment device for waste incineration fly ash includes a heat exchange component, a quenching component, a deacidification component, a dust removal component and a denitrification component; the heat exchange component includes a flue gas heat exchanger 1, a first heat exchange inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 1 is connected to an air intake pipe 2, a first heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 1 is connected to the quenching component, the quenching component includes a quenching tower 5, an inlet of the quenching tower 5 is connected to the first heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 1, and an outlet of the quenching tower 5 is connected to the deacidification component.
[0019] Specifically, the quenching component is connected to the deacidification component, and the deacidification component includes a semi-dry deacidification tower 6, the inlet of the semi-dry deacidification tower 6 is connected to the outlet of the quenching tower 5, the outlet of the semi-dry deacidification tower 6 is connected to the inlet of the dry reactor 7, and the outlet of the dry reactor 7 is connected to the dust removal component. The semi-dry deacidification tower 6 is provided with a tower top ceiling on the outside, and industrial water lime slurry and compressed air are provided inside; a block crusher is provided at the bottom of the semi-dry deacidification tower 6, a gate is provided at the bottom of the block crusher, a rotary valve is provided at the bottom of the gate, and the first ton bag is provided at the bottom of the rotary valve. Activated carbon and lime powder are provided inside the dry reactor 7.
[0020] Specifically, the deacidification component is connected to the dust removal component, and the dust removal component includes three dust collectors 8. The outlet of the dry reactor 7 is connected to the three dust collectors 8 in parallel, and the outlets of the three dust collectors 8 merge into a flow path connected to the second heat exchange inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 1. The lower part of the three dust collectors 8 is respectively provided with a gate valve, and the lower part of each gate valve is provided with a second ton bag.
[0021] Specifically, the dust removal component is connected to the second heat exchange inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 1, and the second heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 1 is connected to the denitrification component. The denitrification component includes a denitrification reactor 9, and the inlet of the denitrification reactor 9 is connected to the second heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 1, and the outlet of the denitrification reactor 9 is connected to the fan 3.
[0022] Specifically, the outlet of the denitration component is connected to the fan 3, and the outlet of the fan 3 is connected to the exhaust chimney 4. A compressed air and ammonia inlet 10 is provided between the inlet of the denitration reactor 9 and the second heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 1. An air intake damper 11 is provided between the outlet of the denitration reactor 9 and the inlet of the fan 3.
[0023] Specifically, the flue gas enters the flue gas heat exchanger 1 from the first heat exchange inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 1 through the air inlet pipe 2. The flue gas heat exchanger 1 reduces the flue gas temperature to 800°C and recovers the flue gas waste heat; then the flue gas is discharged into the quenching tower 5 through the first heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 1 to quickly cool the flue gas to 250°C, so that the flue gas meets the subsequent deacidification temperature requirements and inhibits dioxin recombination. The cooling time is 1-2 seconds. The quenching method is spraying by the atomization system, and the spraying amount is linked to the outlet temperature and automatically adjusted. The flue gas is discharged into the semi-dry deacidification tower 6 through the outlet of the quenching tower 5. The semi-dry deacidification tower 6 includes a semi-dry deacidification tower, a rotary atomizer, a cooling spray gun, a control station, an ash removal device, etc., which mainly removes acidic gas pollutants such as SO2 and HCl in the flue gas. An air flow distribution structure is set at the inlet of the semi-dry deacidification tower 6 to make the flue gas evenly distributed to the entire cross-section of the tower, fully contact with the atomizing medium, and the spray volume is interlocked and matched with the outlet temperature, and automatically adjusted online; the deacidified flue gas leaves from the bottom of the tower and enters the subsequent dust collector 8, and the flue gas Part of the dust in the gas and the salts from the neutralization reaction fall into the ash hopper at the bottom of the semi-dry deacidification tower 6, and are discharged through the conveyor and ash discharge valve at the bottom of the ash hopper; the reaction time of the flue gas in the semi-dry deacidification tower 6 is not less than 12 seconds; the flue gas enters the dust collector 8, and the dust collector 8 filters the dust mixed in the flue gas. Activated carbon powder is sprayed at the front end of the dust collector, and part of the activated carbon powder contacts with the flue gas, and part of it forms a filter cake layer on the surface of the dust collector filter bag, which further absorbs and removes dust, dioxins and heavy metals in the flue gas and prolongs the residence time of the flue gas. The flue gas is discharged from the outlet of the dust collector 8, enters the flue gas heat exchanger 1 through the second heat exchange inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 1, heats the flue gas to 250°C, and then is discharged to the denitration reactor 9 through the second heat exchange outlet; a denitration reducing agent is sprayed into the inlet of the denitration reactor 9 to mix with the flue gas, a catalyst layer is arranged inside the denitration reactor 9, and the NOx in the flue gas and the reducing agent undergo a selective catalytic reduction reaction on the surface of the catalyst layer to remove NOx, the catalyst is a titanium-based vanadium system, a honeycomb catalyst, and the catalytic temperature range is 220-260°C; the denitration reducing agent is 9% concentration ammonia water evaporated to precipitate ammonia; the denitration reactor is arranged vertically, the flue gas enters from the upper part, the internal catalyst is arranged in three layers, two for use and one for standby, the standby layer is not loaded with catalyst, and when the catalyst is close to the service life in the later stage, the standby layer is supplemented, which can maximize the use efficiency of the upper two layers of catalyst; the flue gas is discharged from the outlet of the denitration reactor 9 and enters the fan 3 through the air intake damper 11, and the fan 3 blows the flue gas to the chimney 4 for discharge.
[0024] The waste incineration fly ash high-temperature melting flue gas treatment device optimizes the treatment process according to the characteristics of fly ash melting flue gas, and has a better treatment effect on dioxins, heavy metals, NOX, HCl, SOX and other pollutants in the flue gas; the treatment process has a wide range of applicability and has a good impact resistance to the flue gas after the hazardous waste melting treatment of fly ash with such characteristics; it improves the purification efficiency and ensures that the flue gas meets the national emission standards.
[0025] A method for treating high-temperature molten flue gas from waste incineration fly ash, comprising the following steps:
[0026] Step 1: The flue gas enters the first heat exchange inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 1 through the air inlet duct 2. The flue gas heat exchanger 1 reduces the flue gas temperature to 800° C. and recovers the waste heat of the flue gas.
[0027] Step 2: The flue gas is then discharged into the quenching tower 5 through the first heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 1. The quenching tower 5 quickly cools the flue gas to 250° C., so that the flue gas meets the subsequent deacidification temperature requirement and inhibits dioxin recombination. The cooling time is 1-2 seconds.
[0028] Step three, the flue gas is discharged into the semi-dry deacidification tower 6 through the outlet of the quenching tower 5, and an airflow distribution structure is set at the inlet of the semi-dry deacidification tower 6 to make the flue gas evenly distributed to the entire cross-section of the tower, fully contact with the atomizing medium, and the spray volume and the outlet temperature are interlocked and matched, and automatically adjusted online; the deacidified flue gas leaves from the bottom of the tower and enters the subsequent dust collector 8, and part of the dust in the flue gas and the salts of the neutralization reaction fall into the ash hopper at the bottom of the semi-dry deacidification tower 6, and is discharged through the conveyor at the bottom of the ash hopper and the ash discharge valve; the reaction time of the flue gas in the semi-dry deacidification tower 6 is not less than 12 seconds, and the acidic gas pollutants such as SO2 and HCl in the flue gas are mainly removed;
[0029] Step 4: The flue gas enters the dust collector 8, which filters the dust mixed in the flue gas. Activated carbon powder is sprayed at the front end of the dust collector. Part of the activated carbon powder contacts the flue gas, and part of it forms a filter cake layer on the surface of the dust collector filter bag, which further absorbs and removes the dust, dioxins and heavy metals in the flue gas, and prolongs the residence time of the flue gas.
[0030] Step 5: The flue gas is discharged from the outlet of the dust collector 8, enters the flue gas heat exchanger 1 through the second heat exchange inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 1, heats the flue gas to 250°C, and then is discharged to the denitration reactor 9 through the second heat exchange outlet;
[0031] Step 6: spray a denitration reducing agent into the inlet of the denitration reactor 9 to mix with the flue gas. A catalyst layer is arranged inside the denitration reactor 9. The NOx in the flue gas and the reducing agent undergo a selective catalytic reduction reaction on the surface of the catalyst layer to remove NOx. The catalyst is a titanium-based vanadium system, a honeycomb catalyst, and the catalytic temperature range is 220-260°C; the denitration reducing agent is 9% concentration ammonia water evaporated to precipitate ammonia gas; the denitration reactor is arranged vertically, and the flue gas enters from the top. The internal catalyst is arranged in three layers, two for use and one for standby. The standby layer is not loaded with catalyst. When the catalyst is close to the service life in the later stage, it is supplemented with the standby layer to maximize the use efficiency of the upper two layers of catalyst;
[0032] Step seven, the flue gas is discharged from the outlet of the denitration reactor 9 and enters the fan 3 through the air intake damper 11, and the fan 3 blows the flue gas to the chimney 4 for discharge.
[0033] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, rather than to limit it. Although the utility model is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model.
Claims
1. A high-temperature melting flue gas treatment device for waste incineration fly ash, characterized in that: Including heat exchange components, quenching components, deacidification components, dust removal components and denitrification components; The heat exchange component comprises a flue gas heat exchanger (1), a first heat exchange inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger (1) is connected to an air intake duct (2), a first heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger (1) is connected to the quenching component, the quenching component is connected to the deacidification component, the deacidification component is connected to the dust removal component, the dust removal component is connected to the second heat exchange inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger (1), the second heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger (1) is connected to the denitration component, the outlet of the denitration component is connected to a fan (3), and the air outlet of the fan (3) is connected to an exhaust chimney (4).
2. The high-temperature melting flue gas treatment device for waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The quenching component comprises a quenching tower (5), the inlet of the quenching tower (5) is connected to the first heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger (1), and the outlet of the quenching tower (5) is connected to the deacidification component.
3. The high-temperature melting flue gas treatment device for waste incineration fly ash according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The deacidification component comprises a semi-dry deacidification tower (6), the inlet of the semi-dry deacidification tower (6) is connected to the outlet of the quenching tower (5), the outlet of the semi-dry deacidification tower (6) is connected to the inlet of the dry reactor (7), and the outlet of the dry reactor (7) is connected to the dust removal component.
4. The waste incineration fly ash high temperature melting flue gas treatment device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The dust removal assembly comprises three dust collectors (8), the outlet of the dry reactor (7) is connected in parallel to the three dust collectors (8), and the outlets of the three dust collectors (8) merge into one flow path connected to the second heat exchange inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger (1).
5. The high-temperature melting flue gas treatment device for waste incineration fly ash according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The denitration component comprises a denitration reactor (9), the inlet of the denitration reactor (9) is connected to the second heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger (1), and the outlet of the denitration reactor (9) is connected to the fan (3).
6. The high-temperature melting flue gas treatment device for waste incineration fly ash according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A compressed air and ammonia inlet (10) is provided between the inlet of the denitration reactor (9) and the second heat exchange outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger (1).
7. The waste incineration fly ash high temperature melting flue gas treatment device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: An air intake damper (11) is provided between the outlet of the denitration reactor (9) and the inlet of the fan (3).