Sorting device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a sorting device and relates to the technical field of mineral foam sorting. The sorting device comprises a grinding and dispersing unit, a microbubble forming unit, a modifying and separating unit and a mineral collecting unit, the grinding and dispersing unit is used for grinding to-be-separated raw ore, mixing the to-be-separated raw ore with water to obtain slurry, and dispersing the slurry to prepare to-be-separated ore pulp; the microbubble forming unit is used for converting gas into bubbles; the modification and separation unit is used for modifying the to-be-separated ore pulp out of a self-hydrophobic surface through electrochemical oxidation reduction so as to be repelled by water to float upwards, and strengthening floating upwards under the adhesion load of input bubbles so as to separate and form target minerals; and the mineral collecting unit is used for collecting the target mineral. The utility model provides a novel separation and separation device and a novel separation and separation process technology, the separation flotation of self-oxidation reduction surface modification of minerals is realized without adding medicaments, and the efficient self-floating separation of micro-fine particle target minerals is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of mineral foam sorting, in particular to a sorting device. Background Art

[0002] At present, mineral foam separation is an effective technical method for separating most minerals. It is a separation method that uses foam as a separation medium and loads minerals to enrich target minerals. The main process is to use bubbling to make the target minerals in the solution / slurry gather at the gas-liquid interface, and float to the top of the main body of the slurry solution with bubbles to form a foam layer, and then separate the foam and the slurry body, so as to achieve the purpose of separating the target substances. A large number of practices have shown that the basis for achieving mineral foam separation and sorting is the difference in the structure and characteristics of the mineral surface properties, solution phase and foam itself; among them, the solution phase of foam separation is generally an aqueous solution. Due to the difference in the hydrophilic / hydrophobic expression of the mineral surface, different minerals have different tendencies to absorb foam and float up due to different loads. The characteristics of the foam itself are highly correlated with the gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid multiphase reactions in the system, and the formation of gas-liquid-solid three-phase foam is strongly related to the surface properties of the mineral. Therefore, in a certain system, the essence of mineral foam separation is the macroscopic expression of the surface properties of the mineral, and is significantly affected by the formation of mineralized foam (gas-liquid-solid three-phase).

[0003] Since the surfaces of most natural minerals are relatively hydrophilic after dissociation and are easily wetted by water, in the process of mineral foam sorting, the prior art basically adds specific surfactants as collectors and foaming agents, and sometimes adds surfactants (surfactants, also known as surfactants, generally refer to organic flotation agents) / inorganic agents (such as sodium sulfide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium hexametaphosphate and other inorganic substances, which can be commonly used in the flotation process) as adjusters to achieve the selective separation of target minerals from mixed minerals. The surfactants added in the foam sorting process selectively change the hydrophobicity of the mineral surface to facilitate the formation of stable three-phase foam in the slurry. Therefore, most of them use organic agents containing polar and non-polar groups, including organic hydroxyl, phosphonic acid, amine, thiol, carboxylic acid, etc. and their cyclic macromolecules or small molecule compounds. In order to achieve effective separation and sorting of minerals, these foam sorting agents are mostly used in the form of agent systems, that is, collectors, adjusters, foaming agents, etc. need to be added at the same time. However, due to the complex surface properties of different minerals in the ore, the existing mineral foam sorting technology requires the addition of various surfactants to achieve mineral separation and sorting, which more or less directly limits its adaptability. Utility Model Content

[0004] The main purpose of the utility model is to provide a separation device, which aims to realize the surface physicochemical modification and self-flotation of the target mineral without adding external reagents, so as to achieve the separation and flotation of the self-oxidation-reduction surface modification of the mineral without adding reagents, thereby improving production and ecological adaptability.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides a sorting device, comprising:

[0006] A crushing and dispersing unit is used to crush the raw ore to be sorted and mix it with water to obtain a slurry, and to disperse the slurry to obtain the ore pulp to be separated and sorted;

[0007] a microbubble forming unit for converting gas into bubbles;

[0008] A modification and separation unit, which is connected to the crushing and dispersing unit and the microbubble supply unit respectively, and is used to modify the ore pulp to be separated and sorted through electrochemical oxidation-reduction to make it float on the hydrophobic surface and be repelled by water, and to enhance the floatation under the adhesion load of the input bubbles, so as to separate and form the target mineral; and

[0009] A mineral collection unit is connected to the modification and separation unit and is used to collect the target mineral.

[0010] Optionally, the modification and separation unit includes a mineral modification and separation reactor and a stirring disperser inserted in the mineral modification and separation reactor, the interior of the mineral modification and separation reactor is formed with a turbulent high pressure difference modification reaction zone, a steady flow low pressure difference modification reaction zone and a hydrophobic mineral floating zone from bottom to top, the stirring part of the stirring disperser is located in the turbulent high pressure difference modification reaction zone, and the steady flow low pressure difference modification reaction zone is separated from the hydrophobic mineral floating zone by a steady flow screen partition.

[0011] Optionally, the cross-sectional area of ​​the steady flow low pressure difference modification reaction zone is (1.5-3):1 to the cross-sectional area of ​​the turbulent flow high pressure difference modification reaction zone.

[0012] Optionally, the modification and separation unit further includes a slurry pH meter and a slurry pH adjuster electrically connected to the slurry pH meter, wherein the slurry pH meter is disposed in the mineral modification and separation reactor and is used to detect the pH value of the slurry, and the slurry pH adjuster is used to adjust the power supply voltage of the modification and separation unit according to the pH value to adjust the pH of the slurry.

[0013] Optionally, the microbubble forming unit includes a gas cylinder and a microbubble generator connected to the gas cylinder, and the microbubble generator is connected to the modification and separation unit.

[0014] Optionally, the crushing and dispersing unit includes a crushing device, a grinding device, a slurry classifying device and a slurry stirring and slurry mixing device which are connected in sequence, and the slurry stirring and slurry mixing device is connected to the modification and separation unit; the crushing device is used to crush the original ore; the grinding device is used to finely grind the ore into slurry; the slurry classifying device is used to classify the slurry according to particle size; and the slurry stirring and slurry mixing device is used to stir the slurry.

[0015] Optionally, the mineral collection unit comprises a planktonic mineral collection container, a planktonic mineral collection port is provided at the hydrophobic mineral floating zone of the mineral modification separation reactor, and the planktonic mineral collection port is connected to the planktonic mineral collection container; and / or

[0016] The mineral collection unit comprises a mineral bottom material collection container, and a mineral bottom material discharge port is provided at the turbulent high pressure difference modification reaction zone of the mineral modification and separation reactor, and the mineral bottom material discharge port is communicated with the mineral bottom material collection container.

[0017] Optionally, the sorting device further comprises an electric energy collection and conversion unit, which is electrically connected to the modification and separation unit and is used for collecting green energy and converting it into electric energy and transmitting it to the modification and separation unit.

[0018] Optionally, the electric energy collection and conversion unit includes a green electric energy collection and conversion device, an electric energy buffer storage device and a control device which are electrically connected in sequence, the green electric energy collection and conversion device is used to convert green energy into electric energy, the electric energy buffer storage device is used to store or buffer electric energy, and the control device is electrically connected to the electrode pair of the modification and separation unit and is used to control the output electric energy or potential or current.

[0019] Optionally, the diameter of the bubbles is 10 to 3000 μm.

[0020] In the technical solution of the utility model, the sorting device includes a crushing and dispersing unit, a microbubble forming unit, a modification and separation unit and a mineral collection unit; the crushing and dispersing unit is used to crush the raw ore to be sorted and mix it with water to obtain a slurry, and disperse the slurry to obtain the ore pulp to be separated and sorted; the microbubble forming unit is used to convert the gas into bubbles; the modification and separation unit is connected to the crushing and dispersing unit and the microbubble supply unit respectively, and is used to modify the ore pulp to be separated and sorted through electrochemical oxidation-reduction modification to make it float on the hydrophobic surface and be repelled by water, and strengthen the floating under the adhesion load of the input bubbles to separate and form the target mineral; the mineral collection unit is connected to the modification and separation unit and is used to collect the target mineral. It can be understood that the utility model proposes a new separation and sorting device and process technology, which realizes the separation and flotation of self-oxidation-reduction surface modification of minerals without adding reagents, has no reagent residue, and improves the adaptability to production and ecology; uses electrochemical optimization of mineral surface physicochemical properties reconstruction technology to reduce the lower limit of mineral foam sorting particle size and enhances the efficient self-floatation separation of fine-grained minerals.

[0021] In addition, the utility model improves the adaptability of the production system and its energy self-circulation efficiency by setting up an electric energy collection and conversion unit, especially for ecologically fragile areas with high cold, high altitude and drought, and optimizes the synergistic mode of green energy and chemical energy in ecologically fragile areas, so that the produced green electricity can be used on-site for the foam separation and sorting process of the target minerals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the sorting device of the utility model.

[0024] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0025] 10. Crushing and dispersing unit; 20. Electric energy collection and conversion unit; 30. Microbubble formation unit; 40. Modification and separation unit; 50. Mineral collection unit; 11. Crushing device; 12. Grinding device; 13. Slurry classification device; 14. Slurry stirring and slurry mixing device; 15. Slurry feeding and conveying pipeline; 21. Green electric energy collection and conversion device; 22. Electric energy buffer storage device; 23. Control device; 24. Electric energy transmission line; 31. Gas cylinder; 32. Pressure gauge; 33. Gas flow meter; 34. Gas control three-way valve; 35 , air pump; 36, microbubble generator; 37, gas delivery pipeline; 41, mineral modification and separation reactor; 42, steady flow screen partition; 43, stirring disperser; 41a, turbulent high pressure difference modification reaction zone; 41b, steady flow low pressure difference modification reaction zone; 41c, hydrophobic mineral floating zone; 44, slurry pH meter; 45, slurry pH adjuster; 411, negative electrode; 412, positive electrode; 41d, floating mineral collection port; 41e, mineral bottom material discharge port; 51, floating mineral collection container; 52, mineral bottom material collection container.

[0026] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the utility model will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0028] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0030] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present utility model are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing in the full text is to include three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, or solution B, or a solution that satisfies both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present utility model.

[0031] The utility model provides a novel foam (floating) separation and sorting device, which can be applicable to the reagent-free separation and sorting of sulfide minerals, but is not limited here.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 In one embodiment of the utility model, the sorting device includes a crushing and dispersing unit 10, a microbubble forming unit 30, a modification and separation unit 40 and a mineral collection unit 50; the crushing and dispersing unit 10 is used to crush the raw ore to be sorted and mix it with water to obtain a slurry, and disperse the slurry to obtain a slurry to be separated and sorted; the microbubble forming unit 30 is used to convert gas into bubbles; the modification and separation unit 40 is connected to the crushing and dispersing unit 10 and the microbubble supply unit respectively, and is used to modify the slurry to be separated and sorted through electrochemical oxidation-reduction modification to make it float on the hydrophobic surface and be repelled by water, and strengthen the floating under the adhesion load of the input bubbles to separate and form the target mineral; the mineral collection unit 50 is connected to the modification and separation unit 40 and is used to collect the target mineral.

[0033] In this embodiment, the crushing and dispersing unit 10 can adopt a device capable of crushing raw ore, a device for finely grinding ore, a grading device capable of grading the grinding slurry according to particle size, and a stirring device capable of stirring and dispersing the slurry, without limitation.

[0034] The microbubble forming unit 30 may be a microbubble generating device that can convert gas into microbubbles, without limitation.

[0035] The modification and separation unit 40 can be a reactor that allows the target mineral (such as sulfide mineral) to undergo surface electrochemical redox modification to a hydrophobic surface under the drive of an external electric field and simultaneously float to the floating layer with the input microbubble load to become a floating (foam) product of the target mineral, without limitation to the specific one.

[0036] In the utility model, the modification and separation unit 40 integrates the modification and separation of the slurry to be separated. First, the surface of the target mineral is modified by electrochemical oxidation-reduction using electric energy to produce a hydrophobic surface that is repelled by water and floats. Then, the microbubbles of specific gas components input by the microbubble forming unit 30 are used in coordination. The microbubbles are easy to adhere to the minerals with hydrophobic surfaces in the stirred slurry and carry the minerals to float, thereby strengthening the floating of the target mineral. The different surface minerals modified by electrochemical energy are used to achieve hydrophobic floating, and the hydrophilic minerals are left at the bottom of the slurry as tailings.

[0037] The mineral collection unit 50 may include at least one container for collecting the target mineral product, and the number of containers is not limited.

[0038] It can be understood that the utility model proposes a new separation and sorting device and process technology, which realizes the separation and flotation of self-oxidation-reduction surface modification of minerals without adding reagents, without any reagent residue, and improves the adaptability to production and ecology; it uses electrochemical optimization of the mineral surface physicochemical properties reconstruction technology to reduce the lower limit of the mineral foam sorting particle size and enhance the efficient self-floatation separation of fine-grained minerals.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 In one embodiment, the modification and separation unit 40 may specifically include a mineral modification and separation reactor 41 and a stirring disperser 43 inserted in the mineral modification and separation reactor 41. The interior of the mineral modification and separation reactor 41 is formed with a turbulent high-pressure difference modification reaction zone 41a, a steady-flow low-pressure difference modification reaction zone 41b and a hydrophobic mineral floating zone 41c from bottom to top. The stirring part of the stirring disperser 43 is located in the turbulent high-pressure difference modification reaction zone 41a, and the steady-flow low-pressure difference modification reaction zone 41b is separated from the hydrophobic mineral floating zone 41c by a steady-flow screen partition 42.

[0040] In this embodiment, the mineral modification and separation reactor 41 is divided into three reaction zones according to the structural design. The target mineral for electrochemical hydrophobic modification floats from bottom to top to the hydrophobic mineral floating zone 41c at the top of the reactor. The bottom space of the reactor is relatively narrow and small, which is the turbulent high-pressure difference modification reaction zone 41a with strong stirring effect of the stirring disperser 43. It is intended to increase the contact probability between the target mineral in the slurry and the modified negative electrode 411 by enhancing stirring. The middle part is the steady-flow low-pressure difference modification reaction zone 41b, which has a relatively large cross-sectional area. The purpose of the relatively large middle space is to reduce the bottom stirring intensity, so that the hydrophobic species tend to float towards the steady flow. The middle and upper parts are separated by the steady-flow screen partition 42, so that the floating hydrophobic species stably float to the upper hydrophobic mineral floating zone 41c for sorting and separation.

[0041] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​the steady flow low pressure difference modification reaction zone 41b is (1.5-2):1 to the cross-sectional area of ​​the turbulent flow high pressure difference modification reaction zone 41a. This arrangement can further enhance the floating effect efficiency of the target mineral.

[0042] Further, refer to Figure 1 In one embodiment, the modification and separation unit 40 may further include a slurry pH meter 44 and a slurry pH adjuster 45 electrically connected to the slurry pH meter 44. The slurry pH meter 44 is disposed in the mineral modification and separation reactor 41 and is used to detect the pH value of the slurry. The slurry pH adjuster 45 is used to adjust the power supply voltage of the modification and separation unit 40 according to the detected pH value, thereby adjusting the pH of the slurry.

[0043] In the process of mineral modification and separation, the pH of the separated slurry can be detected by the slurry pH meter 44 and the slurry pH adjuster 45 and fed back to the input voltage control unit to adjust the pH of the slurry by adjusting the voltage. This can further improve the efficiency of floating product production and help improve the quality of the finished product.

[0044] In order to further enhance the efficient self-floating separation of fine-grained minerals, refer to Figure 1 In one embodiment, the microbubble forming unit 30 may include a gas cylinder 31 and a microbubble generator 36 connected to the gas cylinder 31 , and the microbubble generator 36 is connected to the modification and separation unit 40 .

[0045] The gas cylinder 31 can be adjusted to various gases as needed, such as oxygen, compressed air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc.

[0046] The microbubble generator 36 can be a bubble generator, an ultra-micron bubble generator, a compression nozzle, a micro-bubble releaser, etc. It is a device that converts the input gas into micro-bubbles. The formed micro-bubbles are transported to the modification and separation unit 40 through the gas delivery pipeline 37. Micro-bubbles are used to enhance the ability of bubbles to load hydrophobic minerals.

[0047] In this embodiment, a pressure gauge 32 and a gas flow meter 33 may be provided on the outlet pipeline of the gas cylinder 31, and a plurality of gas control three-way valves 34 may be provided on the pipeline between the gas cylinder 31 and the microbubble generator 36, and the pipeline may be connected to an air pump 35 to increase the gas flow rate. In addition, the above-mentioned devices of the microbubble forming unit 30 may be coordinated as a whole to adjust the gas or bubble components input into the modification and separation unit 40.

[0048] To improve production efficiency and product quality, refer to Figure 1In one embodiment, the crushing and dispersing unit 10 may include a crushing device 11, a grinding device 12, a slurry classifying device 13 and a slurry stirring and slurry mixing device 14 which are connected in sequence, and the slurry stirring and slurry mixing device 14 is connected to the modification and separation unit 40; the crushing device 11 is used to crush the raw ore; the grinding device 12 is used to finely grind the ore into slurry; the slurry classifying device 13 is used to classify the slurry according to the particle size; the slurry stirring and slurry mixing device 14 is used to stir the slurry.

[0049] In this embodiment, the crushing device 11 is a machine that can crush large pieces of ore to the level of grinding feed, such as a jaw crusher, a cone crusher, a double-roll crusher, a high-pressure roller, a semi-autogenous grinder, etc. The grinding device 12 is a grinding device 12 that can finely grind the material, such as a ball mill, a rod mill, a stirred mill, etc. The slurry classification device 13 is a device that can classify the grinding slurry according to the particle size, such as a hydrocyclone, a spiral classifier, etc. The slurry stirring and slurry mixing device 14 is a device that can complete the mixing and stirring of the slurry, such as a stirring barrel, etc. The slurry feed conveying pipeline 15 can be a pipeline with a regulating valve to regulate the slurry flow rate, including a conveying pump, a regulating valve, a pipeline, etc.

[0050] In order to realize the automatic collection of floating minerals and unfloating tailings and further improve production efficiency, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the mineral collection unit 50 may include a floating mineral collection container 51 and a mineral bottom material collection container 52; a floating mineral collection port 41d is provided at the hydrophobic mineral floating area 41c of the mineral modification separation reactor 41, and the floating mineral collection port 41d is connected to the floating mineral collection container 51; a mineral bottom material discharge port 41e is provided at the turbulent high pressure difference modification reaction zone 41a of the mineral modification separation reactor 41, and the mineral bottom material discharge port 41e is connected to the mineral bottom material collection container 52.

[0051] The mineral collection unit 50 of the utility model is to discharge the electrochemically modified strong self-hydrophobic target minerals and the bottom material that has not been separated by floating through different pipelines, produce and collect floating mineral products and floating separation tailings products, thereby realizing the separation of target minerals and non-target minerals.

[0052] In order to save energy, improve the energy self-circulation efficiency of the separation device, effectively solve the electricity demand in the ecologically fragile areas of high cold, high altitude and drought, optimize the synergistic mode of green energy and chemical energy in the ecologically fragile areas, and use the produced green electricity (wind power, solar power, etc.) for the foam (floating) separation and sorting process of the target minerals on site, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the sorting device may further include an electric energy collection and conversion unit 20, which is electrically connected to the modification and separation unit 40, for collecting green energy and converting it into electric energy and transmitting it to the modification and separation unit 40.

[0053] In this embodiment, the electric energy collection and conversion unit 20 may include a green electric energy collection and conversion device 21, an electric energy buffer storage device 22 and a control device 23 which are electrically connected in sequence. The green electric energy collection and conversion device 21 is used to convert green energy into electric energy, the electric energy buffer storage device 22 is used to store or buffer electric energy, and the control device 23 is electrically connected to the electrode pair of the modification and separation unit 40 and is used to control the output electric energy or potential or current.

[0054] The green electric energy collection and conversion device 21 is a device that can convert green energy into electric energy, such as solar panel power generation, wind power generation, tidal power generation, hydroelectric power generation and other energy conversion devices. The electric energy buffer storage device 22 is a device that stores or buffers green energy to meet the electricity demand at different time periods. The control device 23 is a control device that can control the output of electric energy / potential / current. The electric energy transmission line 24 is a line connecting the electrolytic plate and the electrochemical electrode.

[0055] In addition, for the redox circuit, its low-voltage negative electrode 411 (reduction reaction electrode) is the negative electrode of the electrolytic cell, which is in a low potential state and is the electrode for the reduction reaction of the ore pulp to be separated. The exposed area of ​​the electrode is small and is placed in the middle of the reactor; the high-voltage positive electrode 412 (oxidation reaction electrode) refers to the electrode that electrochemically oxidizes and modifies the polymetallic sulfide minerals in the material to be separated into the surface of the hydrophobic mineral by inputting electrical energy. The utility model adopts the method of regulating the potential difference between the high-voltage positive electrode 412 and the low-voltage negative electrode 411 to control the modification and separation. Preferably, two high-voltage positive electrodes 412 can be provided, and the two positive electrodes 412 can adopt different potentials to strengthen the directional control of the hydrophobic modification of the mineral surface, wherein the potential difference in one oxidation anode is higher than that in the other oxidation anode, and the reaction is driven rapidly by a large oxidation potential. The former is placed in the lower area of ​​the reactor with stronger stirring (turbulent high-pressure difference modification reaction zone 41a), and the latter adopts a relatively low oxidation voltage and is placed in the middle and upper area of ​​the reactor (steady-flow low-pressure difference modification reaction zone 41b), so as to form a charge balance circuit of the directional oxidation electrolysis modification of sulfide minerals with a selected potential difference, thereby promoting the electrochemical step-by-step hydrophobic modification trend of the target mineral surface.

[0056] Among them, the low-voltage negative electrode 411 can be made of wear-resistant inert electrode materials, such as titanium plate. The two high-voltage positive electrodes 412 can be made of wear-resistant inert electrode materials with high specific surface area, such as titanium wire mesh, graphite mesh, iron wire mesh, etc. In addition, the number of positive electrodes 412 can be increased in series according to the needs of the modification reaction, and can be one or more than two, which is not limited here.

[0057] When producing the separation device of the utility model, the following mineral flotation separation method can be referred to:

[0058] Step S10, material crushing and grinding - slurry dispersion preparation operation, the ore material is mechanically crushed by a crusher to a size of 2-10mm, and then further ground and dissociated by grinding equipment. The obtained grinding slurry is subjected to grinding-classifying closed-loop circulation by a grading equipment to obtain the slurry to be separated and sorted; wherein, the crushing and grinding-classification adopts equipment that can achieve the requirements of the utility model, preferably a crushing and grinding classification process with low energy consumption. The classification fineness of the material to be separated is determined by the occurrence characteristics of the minerals of the material itself. The utility model can meet the requirements of various particle size material products. For example, the crushing and grinding-classification preparation is adopted to obtain the slurry to be sorted with -0.074mm, -0.038mm, and -0.025mm accounting for 90%, and the classified slurry is introduced into the mineral modification separation reactor 41 through the slurry stirring and slurry mixing device 14 and the slurry feeding and conveying pipeline 15 to complete the preparation work of material crushing and classification.

[0059] Step S20, electric energy (electrochemical energy) collection, conversion and transmission operations, using appropriate green power generation equipment to collect solar energy, wind energy and other energy and convert them into electric energy, and then buffer the required electrochemical energy through the electric energy buffer storage device 22, and the electrochemical modification and its electrochemical energy control circuit composed of the potential / current control device 23, the electric energy transmission line 24, the low-voltage negative electrode 411 (reduction electrode), and the high-voltage positive electrode 412 (oxidation electrode) introduces the appropriate electrochemical energy into the mineral modification separation reactor 41.

[0060] Among them, a high-voltage positive electrode 412 is placed in the turbulent area of ​​the reactor, and the other high-voltage positive electrode 412 is placed in the steady flow area of ​​the reactor. The voltage of the oxidation electrode is stably adjusted to be 1.0-2.0V (turbulent area), and the voltage of the oxidation electrode is 0.5-1.0V (steady flow area). A step oxidation mode of relatively high pressure rapid oxidation in the turbulent area and relatively low pressure enhanced oxidation in the steady flow area is adopted to strengthen the mineral surface to form a dense hydrophobic modified surface to enhance the self-hydrophobic floating strength; the process reaction logic of the step electrochemical modification of the mineral surface is that the sulfide minerals recovered as the target minerals exhibit semiconductor properties, which are conductive relative to the gangue minerals. The slurry to be separated introduced from the bottom is much stronger. When the potential difference (current) is input, the slurry to be separated is in the turbulent zone with high potential difference. The sulphide ore itself is oxidized and reduced to show the mineral characteristics of dynamic current. That is, a large oxidation potential difference is used to make it oxidized quickly, and then the non-smooth sulphide mineral surface quickly forms hydrophobic active species in the corners or defect areas. Under the influence of such hydrophobic species, it tends to combine with microbubbles and tends to float. When it floats to the steady flow area, it is electrochemically modified with low potential difference. The purpose of selecting the secondary enhancement of low potential difference is to form a stable and dense hydrophobic mineral surface layer structure. On the one hand, it can prevent the hydrophobic species (S 0 / S x 0On the other hand, the electric potential drives the formation of a dense hydrophobic species layer on the mineral surface, which further enhances the self-hydrophobic strength of the mineral surface and is conducive to mineral floating.

[0061] Step S30, microbubble transport operation, its role is, first, to provide suitable microbubbles to carry the hydrophobic electrochemically modified minerals to float, second, to adjust the gas components in the bubbles to provide a suitable atmosphere for slurry separation, such as rich O 2 , inert atmosphere environment, etc.; when it is necessary to control the separation and sorting to an inert atmosphere, a gas cylinder 31 is used to input gas through a pressure gauge 32, a gas flow meter 33 and a gas control three-way valve 34 controlled by a gas pipeline; when an oxygen-rich environment is required, air is pressed into the air pump 35, and the gas is introduced into the modified-sorted ore pulp body through a microbubble generator 36. The microbubble components can be adjusted according to the reaction needs, and the diameter of the tiny bubbles used can be 10 to 3000 μm. It should be noted that the general flotation bubble diameter is 0.5 to 3 mm. This application can not only be applied to bubbles of conventional size, but also to bubbles of unconventional size. The microbubble flotation separation effect of this application is better, and the lower limit of the bubble diameter can be up to 0.01 mm, and the preferred range is 10 to 200 μm.

[0062] Step S40, electrically driven mineral surface modification and separation operation, which is achieved under the premise of providing a suitable slurry to be separated in step S10, controlling the directional modification of the target mineral in step S20, and inputting microbubbles in step S30, and realizing the electrochemical directional hydrophobic modification of different minerals, the stabilization of the hydrophobic surface layer, the floating of microbubbles and the stable formation of the hydrophobic layer in one step in the reactor; the slurry material to be separated is introduced into the turbulent high pressure difference modification reaction zone 41a through the slurry feed conveying pipeline 15, and under the stirring action of the stirring disperser 43, the mineral particles in the slurry collide with the high voltage oxidation electrode, and due to the difference in the electrochemical reaction performance of different minerals themselves, the sulfide minerals Me (Cu, Ni, Fe, Co, Pb, Zn, Mo, et al.) S x (Target mineral) undergoes rapid oxidation reaction under high voltage to form hydrophobic S x 0 The active surface layer then collides with the introduced microbubbles and tends to float upward. When it floats to the middle area, due to the increase in the diffusion area, the mechanical stirring is weakened and gradually tends to a steady flow state in the middle of the reactor. In the steady flow modification reaction zone, the relatively long-term secondary electrochemical modification effect of low oxidation potential oxidation promotes the gradual formation of a dense hydrophobic surface layer on the mineral surface, thereby increasing the force of water repelling it. After being stabilized by the steady flow sieve partition 42 with a sieve hole size of 0.2 to 2 mm, a floating mineral layer product is obtained.

[0063] In this process, since non-target minerals (gangue minerals) are limited by their own redox activity, such as the gangue minerals are basically non-conductive and the products of the surface ion dissolution process have high resistance, the non-target minerals remain in the tank and are discharged from the bottom. In this process, the pH of the ore slurry for the electrochemical modification-separation reaction is controlled to be 5-11 by adjusting the oxidation potential, which is mainly determined by the actual ore properties.

[0064] Step S50, this process is to collect the floating target minerals at the floating mineral collection port 41d through a pipeline and a connected floating mineral collection container 51, and to collect the non-floating gangue mineral bottom material at the mineral bottom material discharge port 41e through a pipeline and a connected mineral bottom material collection container 52, thereby realizing the floating separation of different minerals in the ore slurry.

[0065] In addition, the separation device and its mineral flotation separation method have been verified by experiments:

[0066] The low-grade, fine-grained nickel polymetallic sulfide ore in a high-altitude, arid, strong-light ecologically fragile area in Qinghai has a nickel content of 0.6%, a copper content of 0.2%, a cobalt content of 0.04%, an iron content of 8.3%, and a sulfur content of 6%. The gangue minerals are mainly magnesium-containing silicate minerals, including talc, serpentine, pyroxene, chlorite, etc. Other gangue minerals include calcite, quartz, etc.; due to the close relationship between the main metal and iron sulfide minerals, and the proportion of fine-grained (-20μm) embedded particles is 23%, the target minerals to be recovered in the ore are various types of sulfide minerals.

[0067] Under laboratory conditions, the ore is treated by the reagent-free flotation separation technology of the utility model, and the specific separation steps include:

[0068] Step S10, material crushing and grinding - slurry dispersion preparation operation, the ore material is crushed by a double-roll crusher to less than 2mm, and then further ground and dissociated by a ball mill, and the obtained ground slurry is subjected to a grinding-classifying closed-loop circulation by a classification equipment to obtain the slurry to be separated; crushing-classifying preparation - 0.038mm slurry with a mass concentration of 90% and a concentration of 20% of the slurry to be separated, the obtained classified slurry is introduced into the mineral modification separation reactor 41 through the slurry stirring and slurry mixing device 14 and the slurry feeding and conveying pipeline 15, completing the material crushing-classifying preparation work.

[0069] Step S20, electric energy (electrochemical energy) collection, conversion and transmission operation, using solar energy as power generation equipment, the electric energy obtained by solar energy generation is buffered by the electric energy buffer storage device 22, and the potential / current control device 23 is used to control the area of ​​20cm 2 The inert titanium plate is the low-voltage negative electrode 411 (reduction electrode), and the area of ​​the titanium mesh material is adjusted to 100 cm 2The voltage of the high-voltage positive electrode 412 (oxidation electrode) is 1.2-1.4V, and the area of ​​the titanium mesh is adjusted to 60cm 2 The voltage of the low voltage electrode (oxidation electrode) is 0.6-0.8V, and the electrodes of the electrochemical field loop are placed at appropriate positions in the mineral modification separation reactor 41 through the electrochemical modification loop formed by the electric energy transmission line 24;

[0070] Step S30, microbubble transportation is to use the air pump 35 to pressurize 0.2MPa air as oxygen-enriched modified microbubbles, and the compressed air is prepared into 20-60μm by the microbubble generator 36 and then introduced into the modified-separated ore pulp body.

[0071] Step S40, when electrically driving the surface modification and separation of the mineral, is to electrochemically modify Me(Cu, Ni, Fe, Co)S by inputting electrical energy. x The mineral surface is densely hydrophobic S x 0 The surface transformation strengthens the water medium's rejection of sulfide minerals and increases the tendency of sulfide minerals to float up under the drag of foam, and the sulfide minerals float hydrophobically to the surface of the slurry; that is, it is achieved under the premise of -0.038mm slurry to be separated accounting for 90% provided in step S10, electrochemical field directional modification of sulfide minerals controlled by step S20, and input of 20-60μm oxygen-rich microbubbles in step S30, and the electrochemical directional hydrophobic modification of different minerals, the stabilization of the hydrophobic surface layer, the floating of microbubbles and the stable formation of the hydrophobic layer are achieved in one step in the reactor; the slurry material to be separated is introduced into the turbulent modification reaction zone through the slurry feeding conveying pipeline 15, and under the stirring action of the stirring disperser 43, the mineral particles in the slurry collide with the high-voltage oxidation electrode, and Me(Cu,Ni,Fe,Co)S x The difference in electrochemical reaction performance of sulfide minerals themselves causes the sulfide minerals (target minerals) to undergo rapid oxidation reaction at a high voltage of 1.2 to 1.4 V, causing the mineral surface to react to form hydrophobic S x 0 The active surface layer then collides with the microbubbles introduced by the gas delivery pipeline 37 and tends to float upward. When it floats to the middle area, due to the increase in the diffusion area, the mechanical stirring is weakened and gradually tends to a steady flow state in the middle of the reactor. In the steady flow modification reaction zone, the relatively long-term secondary electrochemical modification by low oxidation potential of 0.6 to 0.8V promotes the gradual formation of a dense hydrophobic surface layer on the mineral surface, thereby increasing the force of water repulsion. After being stabilized by a steady flow sieve partition 42 with a sieve hole size of 0.5mm, a floating mineral layer product is obtained; wherein, the time for hydrophobic electrochemical modification-floating separation is 30min, in order to adjust the oxidation potential form, and control the pH of the ore pulp of the electrochemical modification-separation reaction to be 6 to 8.

[0072] In step S50, the mixed sulfide minerals are enriched through the floating mineral collection port 41d, the floating mineral collection container 51 and its pipeline to obtain a polymetallic sulfide mineral concentrate product with a sulfide concentrate yield of 1.7%, Ni, Cu, Co, and MgO contents of 10.2%, 4.6%, 0.75%, and 2.1%, respectively, and recovery rates of 89.3%, 94.5%, 88.7%, and 0.61%, respectively. Obviously, the product quality recovery rate and quality are much better than those obtained by conventional flotation operations.

[0073] The sorting device of the utility model has at least the following advantages:

[0074] 1) The surface physicochemical modification of the target mineral is self-floating without adding external reagents, so as to achieve the separation and flotation of the mineral by self-oxidation-reduction surface modification without adding reagents;

[0075] 2) The electrochemical optimization of mineral surface physical and chemical properties reconstruction technology improves inorganic compounds, reduces the lower limit of mineral foam separation particle size, and strengthens the efficient self-floating separation of fine-grained minerals;

[0076] 3) It has strong adaptability to fine-grained minerals. It uses the high surface activity of fine particles to improve the recovery efficiency of fine-grained minerals. The recovery is basically not limited by the particle size, which improves the recovery limit of fine-grained minerals;

[0077] 4) The energy utilization method has obvious advantages. It uses clean advantageous energy such as solar energy and wind energy that are easily available in water-scarce and arid high-altitude areas as the driving force for separation. There is no problem of disposing reagents in the return water cycle, and the return water cycle is simple to reuse, with outstanding effects of saving water, energy and electricity. It improves the adaptability of the production system and its energy self-circulation efficiency, especially for ecologically fragile areas with high cold, high altitude and arid conditions. It optimizes the synergistic mode of green energy and chemical energy in ecologically fragile areas, and uses the produced green electricity (wind power, solar power, etc.) on-site for the foam (floating) separation and sorting process of the target minerals.

[0078] The above description is only an optional embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sorting device, characterized in that: include: A crushing and dispersing unit is used to crush the raw ore to be sorted and mix it with water to obtain a slurry, and to disperse the slurry to obtain the ore pulp to be separated and sorted; a microbubble forming unit for converting gas into bubbles; The modification and separation unit is connected to the crushing and dispersing unit and the microbubble supply unit respectively, and is used to modify the ore pulp to be separated and sorted through electrochemical oxidation and reduction to make it float on the hydrophobic surface and be repelled by water, and to strengthen the floatation under the adhesion load of the input bubbles, so as to separate and form the target mineral; as well as A mineral collection unit is connected to the modification and separation unit and is used to collect the target mineral.

2. The sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modification and separation unit includes a mineral modification and separation reactor and a stirring disperser inserted in the mineral modification and separation reactor. The interior of the mineral modification and separation reactor is formed with a turbulent high-pressure difference modification reaction zone, a steady-flow low-pressure difference modification reaction zone and a hydrophobic mineral floating zone from bottom to top. The stirring part of the stirring disperser is located in the turbulent high-pressure difference modification reaction zone, and the steady-flow low-pressure difference modification reaction zone is separated from the hydrophobic mineral floating zone by a steady-flow screen partition.

3. The sorting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the steady flow low pressure difference modification reaction zone is (1.5-3):1 to the cross-sectional area of ​​the turbulent flow high pressure difference modification reaction zone.

4. The sorting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The modification and separation unit also includes a slurry pH meter and a slurry pH adjuster electrically connected to the slurry pH meter. The slurry pH meter is arranged in the mineral modification and separation reactor and is used to detect the pH value of the slurry. The slurry pH adjuster is used to adjust the power supply voltage of the modification and separation unit according to the pH value to adjust the pH of the slurry.

5. The sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbubble forming unit comprises a gas cylinder and a microbubble generator connected to the gas cylinder, and the microbubble generator is connected to the modification and separation unit.

6. The sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing and dispersing unit includes a crushing device, a grinding device, a slurry classifying device and a slurry stirring and slurry mixing device which are connected in sequence, and the slurry stirring and slurry mixing device is connected to the modification and separation unit; the crushing device is used to crush the raw ore; the grinding device is used to finely grind the ore into slurry; the slurry classifying device is used to classify the slurry according to the particle size; and the slurry stirring and slurry mixing device is used to stir the slurry.

7. The sorting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mineral collection unit comprises a planktonic mineral collection container, a planktonic mineral collection port is provided at the hydrophobic mineral floating zone of the mineral modification separation reactor, and the planktonic mineral collection port is connected to the planktonic mineral collection container; and / or The mineral collection unit comprises a mineral bottom material collection container, and a mineral bottom material discharge port is provided at the turbulent high pressure difference modification reaction zone of the mineral modification and separation reactor, and the mineral bottom material discharge port is communicated with the mineral bottom material collection container.

8. The sorting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The sorting device also includes an electric energy collection and conversion unit, which is electrically connected to the modification and separation unit and is used to collect green energy and convert it into electric energy and transmit it to the modification and separation unit.

9. The sorting device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The electric energy collection and conversion unit includes a green electric energy collection and conversion device, an electric energy buffer storage device and a control device which are electrically connected in sequence. The green electric energy collection and conversion device is used to convert green energy into electric energy, the electric energy buffer storage device is used to store or buffer electric energy, and the control device is electrically connected to the electrode pair of the modification and separation unit and is used to control the output electric energy or potential or current.

10. The sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the bubbles is 10 to 3000 μm.

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