The invention relates to an aquaculture tank and a recycling aquaculture system with energy saving, high efficiency and environmental protection. The aquaculture tank comprises a skeleton structure and a water-proof material, wherein the water-proof material is fixed to the skeleton structure to form a tank body, the aquaculture tank is equipped with a water inlet for pulling seedlings, and the side wall of the aquaculture tank is equipped with a receiving port; and the recycling aquaculture system with energy saving, high efficiency and environmental protection comprises a land-based aquaculture zone, a sedimentation pond, a biochemical pond, a ground aquatic plant purification zone and a water storage pond, the land-based aquaculture zone is arranged on the ground, the sewage of the land-based aquaculture zone is discharged into the sedimentation pond, the water of the sedimentation pond is flowed into the biochemical pond, the water of the biochemical pond is flowed into the groundaquatic plant purification zone, the ground aquatic plant purification zone and the water storage pond are provided with water pumping pipelines, and the water of the water storage pond is pumped backto the land-based aquaculture zone. The aquaculture tank and the system are simple in operation, timely and high efficient in sewage treatments, short in a growth period of aquaculture products, highin yield, low in energy consumption, and green and environment-friendly.