The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing test equipment, and relates to a temperature-rise test device and method for sealed double-row angular contact ball bearings. A main body of the temperature-rise test device structurally comprises a driving motor, a driving belt wheel, a small belt wheel, a rotation speed sensor, a driving shaft, a control system, a main shaft, a sleeve, an iron sheet, a test bearing, a stress and measurement device, a locking nut, a withdrawal nut, an adapter sleeve, a body, a driving belt, a shell and a stud. The temperature-rise test method comprises the following four steps of: setting test parameters, and starting the test device; determining bearing temperature and environment temperature at initial rotation speed; measuring the bearing temperature and the environment temperature at rated rotation speed; and disassembling the bearing, and performing statistical computation on the measured temperature. The device and the method are applicable to a temperature-rise test on double-row angular contact ball bearings. A test result can be reproduced, and the consistency of test data is high; and the device is simple in structure, principle is reliable, test cost is low, the test result is accurate, test condition is easily controllable, and environmental friendliness can be achieved.