35results about How to "Good digestion effect" patented technology

A high pressure digestion ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) method for determining rare earth element contents in crude oil belongs to a chemical detection method for detecting 16 rare earth elements in crude oil, such as Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, etc. In a sample high pressure digestion process, an ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) method is first used to determine a wave spectrum intensity at 193.027nm of a carbonaceous element in a digestion solution, in order to determine a digestion degree; so that problems of apparatus loss and pollution caused by incomplete digestion and large result deviation caused by high matrix interference in a high pressure digestion method are solved. In an ICP-MS apparatus determination of the sample digestion solution, an on-line adding of internal standard solution and a collision reaction cell technology are employed to eliminate interferences and optimize apparatus working conditions. The method has a detection limit reaching 0.01[mu]g / kg-0.7[mu]g / kg and a recovery rate between 80.4%-105.2%, has advantages of low detection limit, rapidness and accuracy, etc., and can satisfy detection requirements of rare earth elements in crude oil.

The invention discloses a method for detecting chromium, nickel, arsenic, selenium, cadmium and lead elements in cigarette ashes. The method is characterized in that cigarette ashes are collected by using a cigarette ash plate, a cigarette ash sample is dispelled by adopting a microwave digestion method, and the contents of chromium, nickel, arsenic, selenium, cadmium and lead elements in the cigarette ashes are detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The cigarette ashes are collected by adopting the cigarette ash plate, independent collection of each cigarette ash is achieved on a conventional smoking machine, and loss of cigarette ashes and cross contamination of different cigarette ashes in the smoking process are effectively avoided. The sample is processed by adopting the microwave digestion method, so that the risk caused by use of a perchloric acid in the traditional electric hot plate digestion mode is avoided, the dosage of the acid is reduced, the digestion ability is improved, the method is good in digestion effect, less in element loss, and simple and easy to operate, and the used mixed acid system is applicable to treatment of the cigarette ash sample, and thorough to digest. The interference is effectively corrected by adopting inductively coupled plasma mass spectrum parameters, and the method is high in sensitivity, good in repeatability, high in recovery rate, and accurate in result.

The invention relates to a method for detecting the contents of chromium, nickel, arsenic, selenium, cadmium and lead in a cigarette butt, which is characterized in that a cigarette butt collecting method is specified; a cigarette butt sample is decomposed by using micro-wave; and the contents of chromium, nickel, arsenic, selenium, cadmium and lead in the cigarette butt are detected through the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. According to the invention, the disadvantages of the cigarette butt collecting method in the existing detection technology are overcome; the cigarette butt collecting method is perfect; the cigarette butt sample is decomposed by using micro-wave, therefore, the use amount of acid and the decomposition time are effectively reduced; the method disclosed by the invention is good in decomposing effect, little in element loss and simple to operate; in a mixed acid decomposing system, the cigarette butt sample is thoroughly decomposed; decomposing solution is clear and transparent and free from precipitation; parameters of the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry are adopted; the matrix effect is effectively reduced; and the method disclosed by the invention is high in sensitivity, good in repeatability, high in recovery rate and accurate in result.

The invention discloses a process for preparing high calcium fly ash cement by high calcium fly ashes. A combustion chamber is arranged at the head part of the existing ball mill for pre-mixing measured high calcium fly ashes and a digesting agent and then feeding measured cement clinker, gypsum, blast furnace slag, etc. into a ball mill for ball grinding; and the material temperature in the mill is rising under the mechanical action of the mill, additionally, the grinding head combustion chamber provides heat, so the water in the digestion solution is evaporated and the digestion solution and free calcium oxide in the high calcium fly ashes have the mechanical and chemical action, the free calcium oxide digestion is realized during the cement grinding process, and finally the high calcium fly ash cement is prepared. The process is simple and needs not to add the special high calcium ash treating process before producing the cement, the free calcium oxide digestion effect is obvious, the mixing amount of the high calcium ashes in the cement can be greatly increased and the cement manufacturing cost is reduced. The process overcomes the defect that the humidity-control and digestion of fly ash free calcium oxide need two to seven days, and can implement the continuous production, and the ball-milling efficiency of the cement mill is improved by over 10 percent in the meantime.

The invention discloses a digesting agent for digesting free calcium oxide and a method for digesting free calcium oxide in high calcium fly-ash, the digesting agent is spray digesting liquid composed of a digesting agent which can dissolve in water directly and water, or digesting liquid integrally composed of spray liquid and a water-insoluble solid digesting agent, wherein the digesting agent which can dissolve in water comprises triethanolamine, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate and natrium hydroxydatum, the steps of the process are that during the process of ball milling for high calcium fly-ash, spraying the digesting liquid on a grinding mill, utilizing chemicals of the digesting agent in the digesting liquid and the mechanical action in the process of ball milling, and employing the evaporating action principle of the digesting liquid after the temperature of materials is increased in the process of ball milling, thereby achieving the digesting of the free calcium oxide in high calcium fly-ash. The digesting method is simple in process, fully utilizes the characteristic that temperature of materials is increased during the process of ball milling of fly ash, and employs mechanical action and chemical principle to achieve digesting of the free calcium oxide in high calcium fly ash, thereby avoiding impaction to the stability of cement and concrete.

The invention discloses a method for compounding active ingredients in rhizoma acori graminei by utilizing oligopeptide supramolecular hydrogel. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a compound supramolecular hydrogel factor by utilizing an activated commercial amino acid; and diluting an ethanol solution of the compound supramolecular hydrogel factor to 0.5%(w / v) with PBS with the pH value of 7.4, and ultrasonically heating and cooling in a short time, thereby obtaining the compound supramolecular hydrogel. The compound supramolecular hydrogel prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is simple and cheap, has multiple response properties, is hydrogel at a high concentration and is a nanosphere at a low concentration. The change between the hydrogel and the nanosphere can be used for controlling slow release of active ingredients in rhizoma acori graminei, so that long-term inhibition of Alzheimer's disease is realized.

The invention discloses a pretreatment method for detecting metal elements in kapok powder. The pretreatment method comprises the steps that 1, kapok is crushed and then put into a digestion tank, and nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide are added into the digestion tank; 2, the digestion tank is put into a digestion instrument for microwave digestion; 3, digestion sample liquid in the digestion tank is transferred into a polytetrafluoroethylene crucible, the digestion tank is washed with ultrapure water, all washing liquid is gathered into the polytetrafluoroethylene crucible, and heating is performed for removing the acid; 4, when the polytetrafluoroethylene crucible is cooled to room temperature, the liquid in the polytetrafluoroethylene crucible is all transferred into a volumetric flask, the polytetrafluoroethylene crucible is washed with the ultrapure water, and all the washing liquid is gathered into the volumetric flask, and constant volume is performed with nitric acid with the mass fraction of 2%. Compared with traditional open type methods such as an ashing method and an acid heating digestion method, the pretreatment method has the advantages of being short in time consumption, little in pollution and reagent amount consumption, thorough in digestion and good in reproducibility, and the problem that organic substances left in sample decomposition disturb detection can be effectively solved.

The invention provides a method for processing antibiotic residue by the utilization of pectase. pectase is used for processing antibiotic residue. The antibiotic residue is erythromycin sulfur residue. Erythromycin sulfur residue is processed by the use of pectase for 4-6 h under the following conditions: the temperature is 30-55 DEG C, pH is 7.0-9.5, and enzyme concentration is 0.5-0.65 g / mL. Titer of the erythromycin sulfur residue is reduced by 90% and above. The method of the invention is simple and feasible, processing cost is low, and secondary pollution is not generated. The method is energy-saving and environment-friendly. By the method, most residual antibiotics in the antibiotic residue can be removed. The method is convenient for subsequent processing of antibiotic residue and provides a certain data basis for the technology of processing antibiotic residue by the use of enzyme.

The invention discloses an ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) rapid detection method to measure lead and total arsenic in soybean sauce at same time, comprising the steps of (1) digesting a sample; (2) detecting with an ICP-MS instrument. The method of the invention has the advantages that chemical reaction conditions are improved, digestion of the sample is accelerated, detection time is shortened, and detection efficiency is improved; the method provides closed and low temperature conditions, rarely causes volatilization loss and mutual pollution interference, is simple, reliable and efficient to perform and has good digestion effect, high detection precision and high accuracy; residual liquid from sample pretreatment is free of heating or emptying, the residual liquidis recycled directly, and low environmental pollution is caused; many samples can be pretreated at a time; reagent consumption is low, equipment power consumption is low, and detection cost is low.

The invention relates to a technical field of breeding, and particularly relates to a colibacillosis-prevented pig raising method. The method includes a piglet midwifery stage, an anthony pig stage, a nursing pig stage, a growing pig stage and a pig growing and fattening stage. In the anthony pig stage, every anthony pig shall eat breast milk at a fixed nipple on the sow; after 4-5 days, the anthony pig shall eat the compound feed for anthony pig; the compound feed for anthony pig every day is 50-100 g, wherein the compound feed for anthony pig is mainly prepared from corn powder, peanut straws, fish meal, rice bran, bone powder, incised notopterygium, bamboo leaf powder, radix bupleuri, resina liquidamberis, folium eriobotryae, snow pear, orange peel, garlic, coptis chinensis, golden cypress and rheum officinale. According to the common disease of a pig, vaccination and diet rehabilitation are carried out on the pig; the hog house can keep clean; it is an effective method for solving the problem that pig is easy to get ill, therefore, the method is worthy of popularization.

The invention discloses an online detecting method of the content of heavy metal in water. The online detecting method comprises the following steps: sucking an original water sample of a river channel into a storage cabin by a sampling device, and switching off a water inlet valve and switching on a water outlet valve when a liquid level sensor in the storage cabin induces that the water sample reaches a set amount; outputting the original water sample from the storage cabin, forming a dosing water sample after mixing the original water with a reagent, feeding the dosing water sample into a digestion device, digesting in the digestion device, and cooling; opening a detection light source of a detector, irradiating the dosing water sample by the detection light source through the digestiondevice, reading an optical signal from the detector, and computing the content of the heavy metal; sending data to a computer side by the detector through a wireless signal, and saving the data, thusrealizing real-time online monitoring on the content of the heavy metal in the water. According to the online detecting method disclosed by the invention, 24-hour real-time automatic online detectionon the heavy metal in the water can be realized, and the detection accuracy is high; a detection process is simple and easy to realize, an operator is not required to be on the scene all the time, and labor strength is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of poultry breeding, in particular to a method for improving the raw pork quality and intercropping earthworms. The method for improving the raw pork quality and intercropping the earthworms comprises the steps of breeding ground building, pig feeding management and earthworm feeding management; in pig feeding management, formula feed for suckling pigs is used for feeding the suckling pigs; in earthworm feeding management, formula feed for the earthworms is used for feeding the earthworms; the formula feed for the suckling pigs is mainly prepared from corn flour, peanut vines, fish meal, rice bran, bone meal, borax, bamboo leaf powder, sauropi folium, folium sennae, rhizoma coptidis, cortex phellodendri, rhubarb, aloe, ciliatenerve knotweed roots and garlic; the formula feed for the earthworms is mainly prepared from radix aucklandiae, pig manure, bamboo leaves, garlic, peach leaves, cyrtomium rhizomes and pumpkin seeds. By means of the method, the pork quality of the pigs can be improved, the pig manure can be used for feeding the earthworms, and an earthworm intercropping method is formed.

The invention provides a radioactive organic matter pretreatment method. The method comprises the steps of sampling, acid adding, preheating, microwave digesting, acid catching, and volume metering; transferring a certain amount of uranium-containing organic matter to a microwave digestion tank, heating for a certain time in an electric heating plate, placing in a microwave digester, setting a microwave digestion program, and placing in an acid catcher to heat after the microwave digestion is ended, evaporating to the required volume. The method can be used for the pretreatment of the radioactive organic matter, the aqueous phase can be directly obtained through organic phase microwave digestion, the solution obtained after microwave digestion is clear and can directly enter an inductivelycoupled plasma spectrometer or mass spectrometer to determine. The technical scheme provided by the invention is simple in operation, time-saving, and good in treatment effect.

The invention discloses a pretreatment method for determining heavy metal elements in grease food. The method comprises the following steps: sampling, preparing a mixed emulsion of an initial lauryl sodium sulfate solution and a sample as a control group 1, performing a stability experiment on the control group 1, and testing the control group 1; recording stability experiment data 1, reducing the concentration of the initial lauryl sodium sulfate solution, preparing a mixed emulsion with a sample as a control group 2, testing the control group 2, recording stability experiment data 2, repeating N times to obtain N groups of stability experiment data, and screening and comparing the N groups of stability experiment data to obtainan optimal lauryl sodium sulfate solution concentration; and according to the optimal lauryl sodium sulfate solution concentration, adding nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide to carry out emulsification digestion pretreatment on the sample. The method has the beneficial effects that the digestion effect is good, a sample to be detected can be completely digested, and filtering or degreasing is not needed; and the target element can be completely fused out so that the subsequent measurement result is relatively high in precision and is close to a true value.

The invention provides a method for treating antibiotic bacterial residue by using laccase. According to the method adopting laccase for treating the antibiotic bacterial residue, the antibiotic bacterial residue is erythromycin thiocyanate bacterial residue; and the treating conditions are as follows: the temperature is 40 to 55 DEG C, the pH is 6 to 7, the enzyme concentration is 0.005 to 0.02 g / mL, the treating time is 4 to 6 h, and the titer of the erythromycin thiocyanate bacterial residue is reduced by 90% or higher. The method provided by the invention is simple, convenient and feasible; the treatment cost is low; no secondary pollution is generated; energy is saved; the environment is protected; most of residual antibiotics in the antibiotic bacterial residue can be removed, so that the subsequent treatment of the antibiotic bacterial residue is facilitated; and a certain data basis is provided for enzyme treatment technology of the antibiotic bacterial residue.

The invention discloses an energy-saving and efficient method for removing free calcium oxide and magnesium oxide in converter steelmaking slag. The method includes: placing the converter steelmaking slag in a jaw crusher for crushing; sieving crushed steelmaking slag according to three different grain sizes; mixing the steelmaking slag of different grain sizes according to a mass percentage; starting a heating program of a reaction furnace to remove calcium oxide and magnesium oxide; and detecting removing condition. By the method for free calcium oxide and magnesium oxide in the converter steelmaking slag, converter steelmaking slag resources can be fully utilized, and environmental pollution can be reduced. The reaction furnace used can be a rotary kiln, blast furnace waste gases are utilized for heating, so that the slag can fully react to remove the free calcium oxide and magnesium oxide in the slag. The method for free calcium oxide and magnesium oxide in the converter steelmaking slag is simple in operation, low in investment and good in removing effect, occupied space of treatment process is saved, and water is saved.

The invention relates to the field of liquid phase chemistry, in particular to a method for determining mercury and arsenic in briquette coal based on hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle digestion briquette coal-atomic fluorescence spectrometry, which comprises the following steps: adding a certain amount of briquette coal and a proper amount of mixed acid into a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing tank which is subjected to soaking, cleaning and preheating pretreatment, and pre-digesting until gas is released and the reaction tends to be mild; covering, putting into a stainless steel sleeve, sealing, putting into an electrothermal blowing dry box, carrying out closed heating digestion, and then carrying out acid removal and constant volume operation, so as to obtain a solution to be detected; and additionally preparing standard series solutions of mercury and arsenic elements, drawing a standard curve, testing the obtained digestion solution to be detected by using an atomic fluorescence spectrometer to obtain fluorescence intensity, and converting through the standard curve to obtain the content of corresponding elements in the briquette coal. The method can accurately measure the content of volatile trace elements represented by mercury and arsenic in the briquette coal.

The invention relates to a multi-element simultaneous determination method for trace elements in a copper-chromium electrical contact material. The method comprises the following specific steps of: preparing a mixed standard solution, preparing a working curve solution, digesting a sample, and determining on a machine. By adopting the method, digested hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide are used for digesting a sample on an electric hot plate, the problem that a copper-chromium electrical contact material is difficult to dissolve completely is solved, high-purity copper and high-purity chromium are used for matrix matching to make a working curve, the interference of high-content chromium on a to-be-detected element is eliminated, an optimal analysis line of each element is selected on an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer, background correction is carried out, according to a linear relation between spectral line intensity and element content, the content of 10 trace elements including aluminum, iron, nickel, cobalt, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, silicon and lead in the copper-chromium electrical contact material is measured at the same time, the detection period is short, the operation process is simple, reagent consumption is low, the method is suitable for batch detection, and the blank of a method for simultaneously determining and analyzing a plurality of trace elements in the copper-chromium electrical contact material is filled.

The invention discloses a pretreatment method for detecting metal elements in kapok powder, comprising: step 1, pulverizing kapok and putting it into a digestion tank, adding nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide; Microwave digestion in the instrument; step 3, transfer the digestion sample liquid in the digestion tank to a polytetrafluoroethylene crucible, wash the digestion tank with ultrapure water, and combine all the washing liquids into the polytetrafluoroethylene crucible, Heating to catch acid; step 4, after the PTFE crucible is cooled to room temperature, transfer the liquid in the PTFE crucible to a volumetric flask, wash the PTFE crucible with ultrapure water, and combine all the washing liquids into a volumetric flask, and dilute to volume with 2% nitric acid. Compared with traditional open methods such as ashing method and heating acid digestion method, the present invention has the characteristics of short time consumption, less pollution, less reagent consumption, thorough digestion and good reproducibility, and can effectively solve the problem of sample decomposition residues. The problem of organic interference detection.

The invention provides a quick digestion device for measurement of total phosphorus. The two ends of a quartz tube of which the periphery is wound with a heating wire are connected with a to-be-digested water sample container and a digested water sample container respectively; the cavity of the digested water sample container is enclosed, and is connected with an air pump; a cooling device is arranged outside the digested water sample container; the digested water sample container is preferably connected with a pressure control valve and an electromagnetic valve; and the quartz tube is preferable bent into a clip form. The device is used for the pretreatment for measurement of total phosphorus in a water body, is suitable for online measurement, is used for quickly digesting a water sample, is convenient and standard for operating, has a good digesting effect and has digesting time shortened by over a half compared with that of the prior art.

The invention discloses a soil sample pretreatment device for detecting the heavy metal content of lead-zinc slag, relates to the technical field of soil detection, and includes a microwave digestion device, a reagent adding device, and an acid removal device. The reagent adding device is fixedly installed on the On the upper right of the microwave digestion device, the acid removal device is fixedly installed on the left side of the microwave digestion device. The present invention pre-processes the soil sample, and can perform microwave drying on the soil sample. Afterwards, it is digested by microwave, and the digested gas enters the acid removal device for acid gas treatment. This device integrates multiple functions and can improve the processing efficiency in the pre-treatment of soil samples.

A method for determining the content of chromium, nickel, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, and lead in cigarette ash, characterized in that the cigarette ash is collected by using an ash board, the ash sample is digested by microwave digestion, and the chromium in the ash is detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry , nickel, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, lead element content. The present invention adopts the ash plate to collect the soot, realizes the separate collection of the soot of each cigarette on the conventional smoking machine, and effectively avoids the loss of the soot during the smoking process and the cross-contamination of the soot of different cigarettes. Microwave digestion is used to process samples, which avoids the danger of using perchloric acid in the traditional electric heating plate digestion method, reduces the amount of acid used, improves the digestion capacity, has good digestion effect, less element loss, and is simple and easy to operate. The mixed acid system used is suitable for the treatment of cigarette ash samples, and the digestion is complete. The parameters of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry adopted in the method can effectively correct interference, and the method has high sensitivity, good repeatability, high recovery rate and accurate results.

The invention relates to the field of treatment of phthalate substances, in particular to a method for reducing dibutyl phthalate. According to the method, a plate-plate electrode low-temperature plasma excitation source based on a dielectric barrier discharge technology is used for generating low-temperature plasma to reduce dibutyl phthalate. According to the method, the reduction rate of dibutyl phthalate can reach about 60% or above, the digestion effect is good, and the toxicity to cells is smaller.

The invention discloses a digestion device for amino acid digestion experiments, in particular to a laboratory instrument, which includes an inner cylinder, a solid-liquid mixing mechanism and an outer sleeve; the solid-liquid mixing mechanism includes a fixed column, a first elastic Parts, mixing cylinder and storage mechanism; the bottom of the mixing cylinder is provided with a through hole for the passage of the fixed column, the first elastic piece is sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed column, and one end of the first elastic piece is connected with the inner cylinder The bottom end of the outer sleeve is fixed, and the other end is fixed with the bottom of the mixing tube; the opening end of the outer sleeve is provided with an opening and closing mechanism for sealing gas or ventilation, and the inner cylinder and the solid-liquid mixing mechanism are all set inside the outer sleeve , the side of the outer sleeve facing away from the open end is provided with a joint connected to the nitrogen ventilation pipe. Correspondingly, the side wall containing the inner sleeve is provided with a nitrogen outflow hole for nitrogen to flow out into the outer sleeve, accommodating the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve. A gap is left between the cylinders for the passage of nitrogen gas. The invention has the advantage of being convenient for experimenters to achieve homogeneity through vibration.

The invention discloses a process for preparing high calcium fly ash cement by high calcium fly ashes. A combustion chamber is arranged at the head part of the existing ball mill for pre-mixing measured high calcium fly ashes and a digesting agent and then feeding measured cement clinker, gypsum, blast furnace slag, etc. into a ball mill for ball grinding; and the material temperature in the mill is rising under the mechanical action of the mill, additionally, the grinding head combustion chamber provides heat, so the water in the digestion solution is evaporated and the digestion solution and free calcium oxide in the high calcium fly ashes have the mechanical and chemical action, the free calcium oxide digestion is realized during the cement grinding process, and finally the high calcium fly ash cement is prepared. The process is simple and needs not to add the special high calcium ash treating process before producing the cement, the free calcium oxide digestion effect is obvious, the mixing amount of the high calcium ashes in the cement can be greatly increased and the cement manufacturing cost is reduced. The process overcomes the defect that the humidity-control and digestion of fly ash free calcium oxide need two to seven days, and can implement the continuous production, and the ball-milling efficiency of the cement mill is improved by over 10 percent in the meantime.

The invention provides a method for analyzing niobium and titanium in a radioactive organic phase. The method comprises the following steps: digesting a to-be-measured organic phase by using nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid and tartaric acid through a microwave digester, removing acid, transferring, fixing the volume to a certain volume to prepare a to-be-measured solution, and directly measuring inan inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. The method can solve the problems that the content of easily hydrolyzed elements in radioactive organic matters is difficult to measure, the adding standard recovery rate is low and the like, improves the stability of analysis results, and is simple in sample pretreatment and accurate in analysis results.

The invention discloses a digestion device for an amino acid digestion experiment device, in particular to a laboratory instrument. Thedigestion device comprises a containing inner cylinder, a solid-liquid evenly-mixing mechanism and an outer sleeve, and the solid-liquid evenly-mixing mechanism comprises a fixed column,first elastic parts, anevenly-mixingcylinder and a storage mechanism. Through holes adaptive for penetration of the fixing column are arranged at the bottom end of the evenly-mixing cylinder, the first elastic parts are arranged on the outer side wall of the fixed column, one ends of the first elastic pieces are fixed to the bottom end of the containing inner cylinder, and the other ends of the elasticpieces are fixed to the bottom of the evenly-mixing cylinder; an opening and closing mechanism for air sealing or ventilating is arranged at the open end of the ventilating, the containing inner cylinderand the solid-liquid evenly-mixing mechanism are both arranged inside the outer sleeve, a joint communicating witha nitrogen ventilating tube is arranged on the side, back to the openend, of the outer sleeve, and correspondingly, a nitrogen outflow hole allowing nitrogento flow into the outer sleeve is arranged on the side wall of the containing inner cylinder, a gap for allowing the nitrogen to pass is arranged between the containing inner cylinder and the outer sleeve.The digestion device for the amino acid digestion experimentdevice has the advantage that homogenization can be realizedthrough shakingby experimenters.