The invention discloses a special catalyst for preparing 3, 4-dichlorobenzonitrile. The carrier of the special catalyst is a silica gel-carbon nitride composite carrier formed by doping carbon nitridewith silica gel, and the composition of a loaded active component is shown as VSbbPcDdEeGgOx, wherein D is boron, lanthanum, cerium, samarium, europium, scandium, chromium, molybdenum, bismuth or tungsten, E is titanium, zirconium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc or tin, and G is lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium or barium. The invention also discloses a preparation method and application of the catalyst. In the composite carrier of the special catalyst prepared by the method, carbon nitride is used as Lewis base to perform Lewis acid-base reaction with an active component used as Lewis acid so that the action of the active component and the carrier is enhanced, the loss of the active component is reduced, the active component is dispersed more uniformly, and the strength and wear resistance of the catalyst are improved; the service life is prolonged; and the oxidation-reduction capability of the catalyst and the coordination capability with reactants can be adjusted by utilizing the carbon nitride so that the activity and the selectivity of the catalyst are improved.