Oral cancer nano vaccine and structuring method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an oral cancer nano vaccine and a structuring method thereof. The vaccine comprises a water-in-oil type nano-emulsion cancer vaccine and tomato lectin which is modified on the surface of the water-in-oil type nano-emulsion cancer vaccine through a cross-linking agent of phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The structuring method comprises the steps of: 1, preparing the water-in-oil type nano-emulsion cancer vaccine; 2, synthesizing tomato lectin-phosphatidyl ethanolamine; and 3, modifying the surface of the nano-emulsion cancer vaccine. In the oral cancer nano vaccine provided by the invention, the tomato lectin is combined with intestinal tract cells M in a specific targeting manner, which is favorable for effectively improving vaccine absorptivity and activating mucous membrane and whole body dual immune; a nano emulsion is used as a vector for the vaccine so as to ensure that the vaccine effectively passes through an enzymatic barrier and a membrane barrier, and improve the bioavailability of the oral vaccine; and a superantigen SEA component is added into a cancer antigen, which is favorable for effectively activating cells CD4+T at the same time of activating cells CD8+T, and the superantigen SEA component and the cancer antigen take effect synergistically to enhance the immune effect of the cancer antigen.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tumor immunotherapy, and in particular relates to an oral tumor nano vaccine and a construction method thereof. Background technique [0002] The development of tumor vaccines has a history of more than 100 years, and a variety of vaccines have been clinically tested and achieved encouraging results. However, we should also note that the results of some vaccines that are very effective in animal experiments are disappointing in human trials. An important reason is that after inoculation using conventional routes (muscle injection, intradermal inoculation), lymphoid tissue uptake The amount of antigen is limited, so that the immune efficacy of the vaccine cannot be fully exerted. In contrast, the intestinal mucosa, which is twice the body surface area, contains extremely rich lymphoid tissue, and the vaccine can activate both mucosal and systemic immunity after oral administration, and has the characteris...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] However, the active ingredients of tumor vaccines are mostly antigenic protein molecules or genes encoding antigens. These biomacromolecules are easily diluted by body fluids and degraded by enzymes after oral administration, making it difficult to pass through biological barriers (immune system, tissues, cell membranes, etc.), or Due to the short half-life and high clearance rate, the bioavailability of tumor vaccines is reduced, which greatly limits the oral application of protein / peptide vaccines

[0004] Although experiments have confirmed that nanomedicine can be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, however, the absorption rate of particulate antigenic substances administered through the mucosal route is still very low, making it difficult for the vaccine to reach M cells after oral administration, and usually does not induce Expected mucosal immune response, a defect that severely limits the development of mucosal vaccines

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