Brake type gradually-changing section drilling device and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a brake type gradually-changed section drilling device and a using method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of underground coal mine construction. Comprising a combined rod body, the tail of the combined rod body is connected with a main control system, the combined rod body comprises a driving rod body of a hollow rod body structure, a brake rod body is arranged in the driving rod body in a sleeved mode, and the end of the driving rod body is connected with a rock-soil breaking tool bit which is of a special-shaped structure and can be opened and closed. A spiral adjusting disc capable of controlling opening and closing of the rock-soil breaking tool bit through rotation is movably arranged on the inner side of the end of the driving rod body and connected with the end of the brake rod body. A motor and a brake are arranged in the main control system, the motor drives the driving wheel to drive the driving rod body to rotate for drilling, the brake limits rotation of the brake rod body to achieve position change of the rock-soil breaking tool bit on the section sliding groove, and therefore the preset drilling hole diameter is controlled and mastered in the drilling process. The device has the advantages of reasonable structure, stable function, economy, high efficiency and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a braking type gradually changing cross-section drilling device and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of underground coal mine construction. Background Art

[0002] Anchor support is widely used in underground engineering, foundation pit engineering and slope engineering support. Anchor support can enhance the bearing capacity of the stratum and the stability of the project. It does not require a large amount of materials and equipment, has little impact on the surrounding environment and surrounding rock, and has the advantages of low cost, high support efficiency, and good support effect. However, the use of anchor support requires preset drilling holes and requires high drilling hole size accuracy, which puts forward requirements for drilling construction operations.

[0003] Affected by geological characteristics, stress environment, bonding properties of anchoring agents and rock movement, the phenomenon of anchor failure between anchor bodies and surrounding rocks often occurs. To solve this problem, the most effective and economical way is to increase the end anchoring force and expand the end anchoring range. However, in the current coal tunnel anchor support operation, due to limited space, it is not suitable for large-scale machinery and equipment, so handheld electric pneumatic drilling machines are still used. Handheld electric pneumatic drilling machines have high efficiency and flexibility, but in actual engineering, they can only preset cylindrical holes with constant apertures, that is, they cannot increase the aperture of the end anchoring part; in addition, to prevent the above problems, grouting is often used in engineering to reinforce the ends, that is, to fill high-strength materials to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the surrounding rock of the anchoring section, so as to increase the bonding ability between the anchoring agent and the surrounding rock of the borehole. However, due to the limitations of its grouting position and equipment, a drill hole needs to be reserved at the end, and after waiting for the slurry to solidify, it may even need to be drilled again before the anchor can be used for anchoring. The operation process is too complicated and the feasibility on site is extremely low. Based on this, patent number CN114278352 A proposed a method of end anchoring and middle section reinforcement, but to achieve this anchoring method, the middle section of the anchor hole needs to be expanded, which cannot be achieved with a handheld electric pneumatic drill. Based on the above problems, it is urgent to develop a gradual cross-section drilling device that can expand the diameter of any position of the anchor hole to solve the existing engineering and technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] Technical problem: In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, a braking type gradual cross-section drilling device and its use method are provided, which has a simple structure, is easy to use, and can be expanded to improve support efficiency, reduce support costs, and increase anchoring performance, thereby effectively solving the problem of aperture protection failure at any position of the anchor hole due to sliding instability.

[0005] Technical solution: The present invention discloses a braking type gradual cross-section drilling device, comprising a combined rod body, the tail of which is connected to a main control system, the combined rod body comprising a driving rod body with a hollow rod body structure, a braking rod body sleeved in the driving rod body, a rock-breaking cutter head with a special-shaped structure and capable of opening and closing connected to the end of the driving rod body, a spiral adjustment disk which can control the opening and closing of the rock-breaking cutter head by rotation and which is movably provided on the inner side of the end of the driving rod body, and the spiral adjustment disk is connected to the end of the braking rod body;

[0006] The main control system includes a rectangular control box, which is provided with a handrail. The rectangular control box is provided with a motor, a brake, a driving wheel, a driven wheel and a comprehensive program processor. The rectangular control box is movably connected to the driving rod body of the combined rod body through a bearing, and the driven wheel is sleeved on the tail of the driving rod body. After the motor is started, the driving wheel is driven to rotate through the driving shaft, and the driving wheel drives the driven wheel to rotate; the brake is connected to the tail of the brake rod body through the brake shaft and limits the rotation of the brake rod body, so that the rotation speed of the brake rod body can be controlled to be less than that of the driving rod body;

[0007] The motor and brake are connected to the integrated program processor through wires, and the integrated program processor is provided with a motor start-stop control button and a speed adjustment button, a brake start-stop control button and a digital display screen;

[0008] A spiral protrusion is provided on the spiral adjustment disk at the end of the driving rod body; the end of the driving rod body is embedded in the rock-breaking cutter head through a horizontally arranged slide groove, and the rock-breaking cutter head can be opened and closed along the slide groove; a groove is provided behind the rock-breaking cutter head, and the groove matches the size of the spiral protrusion on the spiral adjustment disk, and the rock-breaking cutter head can rotate with the driving rod body to break rock and soil forward, and the drilling shape is controlled by the brake rod body; when the brake motor controls the brake rod body to rotate at a speed lower than the driving rod body, the spiral protrusion on the spiral adjustment disk will drive the rock-breaking drill bit to open to both sides along the spiral adjustment disk through the groove, thereby realizing the expansion of the drilling hole; the opening or closing distance and speed of the rock-breaking cutter head along the slide groove are controlled by the spiral adjustment disk and controlled by the brake rod body;

[0009] By controlling the working conditions of the motor and the brake through a program processor, the information parameters of the rock breaking cutter head during the drilling process can be adjusted in real time to form different expansion holes according to needs.

[0010] Furthermore, spirally arranged rock-soil breaking teeth are provided around the driving rod body to discharge the broken rock-soil from the anchor hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the brake rod body is deeply embedded in the driving rod body, and one end of the brake rod body close to the main control system can be braked by the brake mechanism through the brake shaft. The other end is fixedly connected to the spiral adjustment disk, and the surface of the spiral adjustment disk is provided with a spiral protrusion, which matches the size of the groove on the rock and soil breaking cutter head, that is, the relative rotation of the spiral adjustment disk and the driving rod body can realize the position sliding of the rock and soil breaking cutter head.

[0012] Furthermore, when selecting the material for the rock and soil breaking cutter head, it should be ensured that its strength and rigidity are sufficient.

[0013] Furthermore, the motor drives the active wheel to rotate through the driving shaft, thereby driving the driving rod body, the rock breaking cutter head and the brake rod body to rotate together. If the aperture of the preset position of the anchor hole needs to be expanded, the brake motor is started to limit the rotation of the brake rod body, and the driving rod body and the brake rod body will be twisted relative to each other. The spiral adjustment disk further adjusts the position of the rock breaking cutter head in the slide groove to achieve the expansion of the preset position of the anchor hole.

[0014] A method for using a braking type gradual cross-section drilling device, the steps are as follows:

[0015] The construction drilling position is pre-calibrated in the surrounding rock, the main control system is turned on, and the motor is controlled by the motor start and stop control button and the speed adjustment button on the integrated program processor to drive the driving rod body to rotate, thereby driving the rock-breaking cutter head to cut the soil layer on the surrounding rock and drill a hole; at this time, the rock-breaking teeth inherently arranged in a spiral on the driving rod body rotate to discharge the broken rock and soil cut by the rock-breaking cutter head out of the anchor hole;

[0016] When drilling into the preset position, it is necessary to expand the diameter of the anchor hole at that position to enhance its anchoring effect. Then, the brake machine is started through the integrated program processor to limit the rotation of the brake rod body. At this time, due to the braking of the brake machine, the driving rod body and the brake rod body will be relatively twisted, and the rock breaking cutter head moves along the slide groove to the two ends of the circumference under the adjustment of the spiral adjustment disk, thereby realizing the expansion drilling of the preset anchoring position;

[0017] After drilling is completed, install the anchor rod, send the anchoring agent putty roll, curing agent roll and anchor rod into the anchor hole, start the agitator to drive the anchor rod body to rotate and stir, wait for the anchor agent to solidify, and then install the tray and anti-slip wire nut on the exposed part of the anchor hole in sequence.

[0018] Furthermore, the drilling information parameters are adjusted through the integrated program processor, and the opening and closing of the rock breaking cutter head are adjusted dynamically in real time, so as to construct a gradually expanding borehole. The expansion space is cylindrical, terraced and spindle-shaped. After the annular grouting plug is installed at the corresponding position of the grouting anchor rod, it is placed in the anchor hole, and cement slurry is injected into the expansion space through the grouting anchor rod. After waiting for the cement slurry to solidify, the tray and anti-slip wire nut are successively installed on the exposed part of the anchor hole to avoid the disadvantages caused by the cement slurry anchoring at the end.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The present invention has the function of expanding the aperture of any position of the anchor hole, thereby increasing the anchoring performance, improving the support efficiency, reducing the support cost, and effectively solving the support failure problems such as sliding instability.

[0020] (1) The end anchoring force is increased by increasing the aperture of the end anchoring part, and the end anchoring range is expanded, which makes up for the problem of insufficient anchoring force of existing anchor support, resulting in the failure of the anchor body and the surrounding rock to slip; (2) The aperture of the anchor hole can be expanded at any position, so that the surrounding rock can be grout-reinforced in the middle section of the anchor hole, which makes up for the inconvenience of reserving a drill hole when anchoring after the end reinforcement, simplifies the construction process, and saves a lot of manpower and material resources. The device uses an electric motor to drive the driving wheel to rotate, which can drive the driving rod body and the brake rod body to rotate; the soil layer (rock layer) is cut by the rock breaking cutter head, and the slag cut by the drilling is transported to the anchor hole mouth for discharge by the spirally arranged rock breaking teeth; the cross-sectional position of the rock breaking cutter head is adjusted by the limiting effect of the brake machine on the brake rod body, which can achieve the expansion effect of any position of the anchor hole. The present invention has a simple structure, economical cost, easy promotion, stable function, and can greatly increase the anchoring performance, improve the support efficiency, and reduce the support cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a drilling device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of drilling construction of a braking type gradual cross-section drilling device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] FIG3( a ) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a spiral adjustment disk in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] FIG3( b ) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bearing in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] FIG4( a ) is a perspective schematic diagram of the end of a driving rod body in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] FIG4( b ) is a perspective view of the installation of a rock breaking cutter head according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of drilling capacity expansion in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] FIG6( a ) is a schematic diagram of anchor rod installation in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] FIG. 6( b ) is a schematic diagram of the middle section anchoring installation of the grouting anchor rod in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1-surrounding rock, 2-anchor rod, 3-tray, 4-anti-slip wire nut, 5-anchor hole, 6-driving rod body, 7-brake rod body, 8-rock breaking teeth, 9-spiral adjustment disk, 10-rock breaking cutter head, 11-groove, 12-spiral protrusion, 13-main control system, 14-bearing, 15-driven wheel, 16-driving wheel, 17-motor, 18-driving shaft, 19-brake shaft, 20-integrated program processor, 21-conducting wire, 22-brake machine, 23-handrail, 24-grouting anchor rod, 25-anchoring agent solidified body, 26-cement slurry solidified body, 27-annular slurry blocking plug, 28-chute. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments in the accompanying drawings:

[0032] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown in Figures 3(a) and 3(b), a braking type gradual cross-section drilling device of the present invention includes a main control system 13, a driving rod body 6, a braking rod body 7 and a rock breaking cutter head 10.

[0033] The main control system 13 is a rectangular control box structure, which is movably connected to the driving rod body 6 through a bearing 14. It is provided with a motor 17, a brake 22, a driving wheel 16, a driven wheel 15 and a comprehensive program processor 20. The motor 17 drives the driving wheel 16 to rotate through a driving shaft 18, and the driving wheel 16 drives the driven wheel 15 to rotate. The driven wheel 15 is embedded on one side of the end of the driving rod body 6, so when the motor 17 is started, it can drive the driving rod body 6 to rotate. The brake 22 is connected to the brake rod body 7 through a brake shaft 19, which can limit the rotation of the brake rod body 7, thereby adjusting the position of the end rock breaking cutter head 10 on the spiral adjustment disk 9, so as to adjust and control the aperture of the preset drilling hole. The motor 17 and the brake 22 are connected to the comprehensive program processor 20 through a wire 21. The comprehensive program processor 20 is provided with a start and stop control button of the motor 17 and a speed adjustment button, a start and stop control button of the brake 22 and a digital display screen, which are used to adjust the information parameters during the drilling process in real time.

[0034] The driving rod body 6 is a hollow rod body, driven by a motor 17, and internally connected to a brake rod body 7. One end of the driving rod body 6 close to the outside of the anchor hole 5 is movably connected to the main control system 13 through a bearing 14, and the other end is provided with a slide groove 28, in which a rock breaking cutter head 10 is embedded, and the rock breaking cutter head 10 can slide along the slide groove 28 under the adjustment of a spiral adjustment disk 9. The driving rod body 6 is provided with rock breaking teeth 8 around its body, and the rock breaking teeth 8 are spirally arranged to discharge the broken rock and soil from the anchor hole 5.

[0035] The brake rod body 7 is inserted into the driving rod body 6, and one end of the brake rod body 7 near the main control system 13 can be braked by the brake machine 22 through the brake shaft 19. The other end of the brake rod body 7 is fixedly connected to the spiral adjustment disk 9, and the surface of the spiral adjustment disk 9 is provided with a spiral protrusion 12, and the size of the spiral protrusion 12 matches the size of the groove 11 on the rock breaking cutter head 10, that is, the relative rotation of the spiral adjustment disk 9 and the driving rod body 6 can realize the position sliding of the rock breaking cutter head 10.

[0036] like Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the construction steps are as follows: first, the construction drilling position is pre-calibrated on the surrounding rock 1, then, the main control system 13 is turned on, and the motor 17 is controlled by the start and stop control button and the speed adjustment button of the motor 17 on the integrated program processor 20 to drive the driving rod body 6 to rotate, and then drive the rock-breaking cutter head 10 to cut the soil layer on the surrounding rock 1 to drill. At this time, because the driving rod body 6 has inherent spirally arranged rock-breaking teeth 8, the broken rock and soil cut by the rock-breaking cutter head 10 can be discharged from the anchor hole 5. When the predetermined position is drilled (that is, the aperture of the anchor hole at this position needs to be expanded to enhance its anchoring effect), the brake 22 is started by the integrated program processor 20 to limit the rotation of the brake rod body 7. At this time, due to the braking of the brake 22, the driving rod body 6 and the brake rod body 7 will be relatively twisted, and the rock-breaking cutter head 10 is further adjusted by the spiral adjustment disk 9. Move to both ends of the circumference along the slide 28 to achieve the expansion of the preset anchoring position.

[0037] As shown in Fig. 4(a) and Fig. 4(b), the rock breaking cutter head 10 is a special-shaped structure, which is embedded in the end slide groove 28 of the driving rod body 6 and can rotate with the driving rod body 6 to break the rock and move forward. The rock breaking cutter head 10 is provided with a groove 11, and the groove 11 matches the size of the spiral protrusion 12 on the spiral adjustment disk 9, so the sliding effect (sliding distance and sliding speed) along the slide groove 28 is controlled by the spiral adjustment disk 9, and then controlled by the brake rod body 7.

[0038] like Figure 5 As shown in Figures 6(a) and 6(b), when implementing anchor support, the anchoring agent mortar roll, the curing agent roll and the anchor rod 2 are sent into the anchor hole 5, the agitator is started to drive the rod body to rotate and stir, and after the anchoring agent is cured, an anchoring agent cured body 25 is formed in the drilling expansion area, and the tray 3 and the anti-slip wire nut 4 are sequentially installed on the exposed part of the anchor hole 5.

[0039] By adjusting the drilling information parameters through the integrated program processor 20, the opening and closing of the rock breaking cutter head 10 are adjusted dynamically in real time, so as to construct a gradually expanded borehole, and the expanded space is cylindrical, terraced and spindle-shaped. After the annular grouting plug 27 is installed at the corresponding position of the grouting anchor rod 24, it is placed in the anchor hole, and cement slurry is injected into the expanded space through the grouting anchor rod 24. After the cement slurry is solidified, a cement slurry solidified body 26 is formed. The tray 3 and the anti-slip wire nut 4 are sequentially installed on the exposed part of the anchor hole 5, so as to avoid the disadvantages caused by the end cement slurry anchoring.

[0040] The device can also realize the anchoring of the middle section of the anchor rod, that is, the drilling information parameters are adjusted by the integrated program processor 20, so that the device can gradually expand at the corresponding position of the anchor hole (this part can be preset to be expanded into a large-diameter cylindrical section or a truncated cone section), and an annular grouting plug 27 is installed at the corresponding position of the grouting anchor rod 24. Then, cement slurry is injected through the grouting anchor rod 24. After the cement slurry is solidified, the tray 3 and the anti-slip wire nut 4 are sequentially installed on the exposed part of the anchor hole 5, thereby avoiding the disadvantages caused by the end cement slurry anchoring.

Claims

1. A braking type gradual cross-section drilling device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a combined rod body, the tail of which is connected to a main control system (13), the combined rod body comprising a driving rod body (6) of a hollow rod body structure, a brake rod body (7) being sleeved inside the driving rod body (6), an end of the driving rod body (6) being connected to a rock-breaking cutter head (10) of a special-shaped structure and capable of opening and closing, a spiral adjustment disk (9) being movably provided on the inner side of the end of the driving rod body (6) and capable of controlling the opening and closing of the rock-breaking cutter head (10) by rotation, and the spiral adjustment disk (9) being connected to the end of the brake rod body (7); The main control system (13) comprises a rectangular control box, on which a handrail (23) is provided, and inside which a motor (17), a brake (22), a driving wheel (16), a driven wheel (15) and a comprehensive program processor (20) are provided. The rectangular control box is movably connected to a driving rod body (6) of the combined rod body via a bearing (14), and the driven wheel (15) is sleeved on the tail of the driving rod body (6). After the motor (17) is started, the driving wheel (16) is driven to rotate via a driving shaft (18), and the driving wheel (16) drives the driven wheel (15) to rotate; the brake (22) is connected to the tail of the brake rod body (7) via a brake shaft (19) and limits the rotation of the brake rod body (7), so that the rotation speed of the brake rod body (7) can be controlled to be less than that of the driving rod body (6); The motor (17) and the brake (22) are connected to the integrated program processor (20) through a wire (21), and the integrated program processor (20) is provided with a start / stop control button and a speed adjustment button for the motor (17), a start / stop control button for the brake (22) and a digital display screen; A spiral protrusion (12) is provided on the spiral adjustment disk (9) at the end of the driving rod body (6); the end of the driving rod body (6) is embedded in the rock breaking cutter head (10) through a transversely arranged slide groove (28), and the rock breaking cutter head (10) can be opened and closed along the slide groove (28); a groove (11) is provided at the rear of the rock breaking cutter head (10), and the size of the groove (11) matches the spiral protrusion (12) on the spiral adjustment disk (9), and the rock breaking cutter head (10) can rotate with the driving rod body (6) to break rocks. The soil moves forward, and the shape of the drilling hole is controlled by the brake rod body (7); when the brake machine (22) controls the rotation speed of the brake rod body (7) to be less than that of the driving rod body (6), the spiral protrusion (12) on the spiral adjustment disk (9) will drive the rock breaking drill bit (10) to open to both sides along the spiral adjustment disk (9) through the groove (11), thereby realizing the expansion of the drilling hole; the opening or closing distance and speed of the rock breaking cutter head (10) along the slide groove (28) are controlled by the spiral adjustment disk (9) and controlled by the brake rod body (7); By controlling the working conditions of the motor (17) and the brake (22) through a program processor (20), information parameters of the rock breaking cutter head (10) during the drilling process can be adjusted in real time, so that different expansion boreholes can be formed according to needs.

2. A braking type gradual cross-section drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving rod body (6) is provided with rock-soil breaking teeth (8) around its periphery. The rock-soil breaking teeth (8) are spirally arranged to discharge the broken rock and soil from the anchor hole (5).

3. A braking type gradual cross-section drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brake rod body (7) is inserted deep into the driving rod body (6); one end of the brake rod body (7) close to the main control system (13) can be braked by a brake machine (22) through a brake shaft (19); the other end is fixedly connected to a spiral adjustment disk (9); a spiral protrusion (12) is provided on the surface of the spiral adjustment disk (9); the size of the spiral protrusion (12) matches that of a groove (11) on a rock breaking cutter head (10), that is, the position sliding of the rock breaking cutter head (10) can be achieved by relative rotation of the spiral adjustment disk (9) and the driving rod body (6).

4. A braking type gradual cross-section drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When selecting the material of the rock breaking cutter head (10), it should be ensured that its strength and rigidity are large enough.

5. A braking type gradual cross-section drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor (17) drives the driving wheel (16) to rotate via the driving shaft (18), thereby driving the driving rod body (6), the rock breaking cutter head (10) and the brake rod body (7) to rotate together. If it is necessary to expand the aperture of the preset position of the anchor hole (5), the brake motor (22) is started to limit the rotation of the brake rod body (7), and the driving rod body (6) and the brake rod body (7) are relatively twisted. The spiral adjustment disk (9) is further used to adjust the position of the rock breaking cutter head (10) in the slide groove (28) to achieve the expansion of the preset position of the anchor hole (5).

6. A method for using the braking type gradual cross-section drilling device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Here are the steps: The construction drilling position is pre-calibrated on the surrounding rock (1), the main control system (13) is turned on, and the motor (17) is controlled by the motor start / stop control button and the speed adjustment button on the integrated program processor (20) to drive the driving rod (6) to rotate, thereby driving the rock-breaking cutter head (10) to cut the soil layer on the surrounding rock (1) and drill a hole; at this time, the rock-breaking teeth (8) inherently arranged in a spiral on the driving rod (6) rotate to discharge the broken rock and soil cut by the rock-breaking cutter head (10) out of the anchor hole (5); When drilling into a predetermined position, it is necessary to expand the diameter of the anchor hole at that position to enhance its anchoring effect. Then, the brake (22) is started by the integrated program processor (20) to limit the rotation of the brake rod body (7). At this time, due to the braking of the brake (22), the driving rod body (6) and the brake rod body (7) will be relatively twisted, and the rock breaking cutter head (10) moves along the slide groove (28) to the two ends of the circumference under the adjustment of the spiral adjustment disk (9), thereby realizing the expansion drilling of the preset anchoring position; After drilling is completed, the anchor rod is installed, and the anchoring agent mortar roll, the curing agent roll and the anchor rod (2) are sent into the anchor hole (5). The stirrer is started to drive the anchor rod body to rotate and stir. After the anchoring agent is cured, the tray (3) and the anti-slip wire nut (4) are sequentially mounted on the exposed part of the anchor hole (5).

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: By adjusting the drilling information parameters through the integrated program processor (20), the opening and closing of the rock breaking cutter head (10) is adjusted in real time and dynamically, thereby constructing a gradually expanded drilling hole, the expanded space is cylindrical, terraced and spindle-shaped, and an annular grouting plug (27) is installed at the corresponding position of the grouting anchor rod (24) and then placed in the anchor hole. Cement slurry is injected into the expanded space through the grouting anchor rod (24). After the cement slurry is solidified, a tray (3) and an anti-slip wire nut (4) are sequentially mounted on the exposed part of the anchor hole (5), thereby avoiding the disadvantages caused by the cement slurry anchoring at the end.

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