Method for planting amorphophallus bulbifer under macadamia nut forest and application of amorphophallus bulbifer

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of amorphophallus bulbifer planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting amorphophallus bulbifer under a macadamia nut forest and application of the method. According to the method, the amorphophallus bulbifer is planted along the straight line in a limited mode, and later film covering management is facilitated By reasonably regulating and controlling the planting density of the amorphophallus bulbifer and carrying out film covering management on the amorphophallus bulbifer after seedling emergence, the emergence rate of amorphophallus bulbifer seeds can be increased; and a proper living environment is provided for the later growth of the amorphophallus bulbifer by combining the canopy density of the macadamia nut garden. Experiments show that after the technical scheme provided by the invention is adopted, the yield of the amorphophallus bulbifer is increased by 22.3%, diseases and insect pests are reduced, and manpower and material resources are greatly saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of bulbil konjac planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting bulbil konjac under a macadamia nut forest and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Amorphophallus bulbifer (Roxb.) Blume is a plant of Araceae, Amorphophallus genus, and bulbiferous konjac species. It has strong disease resistance and rapid growth. It also has a high content of glucomannan and can be widely used in many fields such as medicine, petroleum, chemical industry, environmental protection, and food, and has a broad prospect. As the market conditions of bulbiferous konjac are getting better and better, it has become the first choice for planting under economic forests in tropical areas, and how to carry out film-covered planting has become a major problem.

[0003] There are two ways of covering the film at present: one is to directly cover the film on the sown konjac bulb, so that the konjac can break the film by itself or artificially assist the breaking of the film; the second is to first ridge, dig a planting hole, place the konjac seeds, and then use a small wooden stick or a disposable bamboo chopstick to erectly insert it directly above the konjac seeds, then cover the soil with the small wooden stick or the disposable bamboo chopstick together with the konjac seeds, the soil must not exceed the small wooden stick or the disposable bamboo chopstick, and then spread the two-color silver-gray reflective ground film, press the ground film with your hands, so that the small wooden stick or the disposable bamboo chopstick pokes the ground film, and then use a film breaker to break the film with the small wooden stick or the disposable bamboo chopstick as the mark of the planting center, so that the konjac plant can grow out in the broken film hole. However, directly covering the film may cause the konjac to be scalded because the temperature in the film is too high, and the artificially assisted method has the situation that the film is not broken in time or the film is leaked, and the use of methods such as millet sticks will cause the increase of manpower and material costs. Therefore, the existing method of planting bulbil konjac under the forest will not only reduce the konjac yield because the emergence rate is low, but also cause a large amount of waste of manpower and material resources. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to provide a method for planting konjac under a macadamia nut forest and application thereof, which can not only increase the yield of konjac and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, but also is simple and convenient, and is conducive to saving manpower and material resources.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for planting bulbil konjac under a macadamia nut forest, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Planting Amorphophallus konjac in a straight line in a macadamia nut garden and covering the Amorphophallus konjac after it emerges from the soil;

[0007] The planting density of the bulbil konjac is 20-25 cm×40-45 cm;

[0008] During the film covering, the height of the bulbil konjac is 1 to 10 cm;

[0009] The canopy density of the macadamia nut orchard is 0.65-0.85.

[0010] Preferably, when covering, the ground film type is a two-color silver-grey reflective ground film.

[0011] Preferably, the conditions of the location of the macadamia nut orchard include: an annual average temperature of 18°C ​​to 23°C, an air humidity of 70% to 80%, an altitude of 800 to 1500m, and an annual precipitation of ≥1000mm.

[0012] Preferably, before planting the bulbiljak, the method further comprises: setting a planting ditch in the macadamia nut garden;

[0013] The planting ditch has a width of 15 to 20 cm and a depth of 15 to 20 cm.

[0014] Preferably, the method further comprises applying organic fertilizer to the area before planting or applying organic fertilizer in the planting furrow; the fertilization method before planting is broadcasting; the amount of broadcasting is 1.5-2 kg / m 2 ; The method of applying organic fertilizer in the planting ditch is spot application; the location of the spot application is between two adjacent bulbil konjac seeds; the amount of the spot application is 150-200g / point.

[0015] Preferably, the method further comprises: performing insect control and topdressing management on the film-covered konjac;

[0016] The insect prevention management includes: installing insecticidal lamps in the planting area; during the topdressing management, the type of fertilizer is a high-efficiency water-soluble compound fertilizer; the mass ratio of N:P:K in the high-efficiency water-soluble compound fertilizer is 15:15:15 or 17:17:17.

[0017] Preferably, during the topdressing management, the frequency of fertilizer application is once a month, and the application amount is 10 to 15 kg / mu.

[0018] Preferably, the planting time of the bulbil konjac is from March to early May.

[0019] Preferably, the variety of the pearly konjac includes yellow pearly konjac; the seed specification of the pearly konjac is 50-200g / piece.

[0020] The present invention provides application of the method described in the above technical solution in increasing the yield of bulbil konjac and / or reducing diseases and insect pests.

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention provides a method for planting konjac under a macadamia nut forest, comprising the following steps: planting konjac along a straight line in a macadamia nut garden, and covering the konjac after it emerges from the soil; the planting density of the konjac is 20-25 cm×40-45 cm; during the covering, the height of the konjac is 1-10 cm; and the canopy density of the macadamia nut garden is 0.65-0.85. The present invention is conducive to the later film covering management by limiting the planting of konjac along a straight line; by reasonably regulating the planting density of konjac and covering the konjac after the emergence, it is conducive to improving the emergence rate of konjac seeds; and in combination with the canopy density of the macadamia nut garden, a suitable living environment is provided for the later growth of konjac. Experiments show that after adopting the technical scheme provided by the present invention, the yield of konjac is not only increased (the increase is 22.3%), the pests and diseases are reduced, but also manpower and material resources are greatly saved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planting in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The invention provides a method for planting bulbil konjac under a macadamia nut forest. The method comprises the following steps: planting bulbil konjac along a straight line in a macadamia nut garden, and covering the unearthed bulbil konjac with a film; the planting density of the bulbil konjac is 20-25 cm×40-45 cm; during the covering, the height of the bulbil konjac is 1-10 cm; and the canopy density of the macadamia nut garden is 0.65-0.85.

[0026] The present invention preferably determines a macadamia nut orchard. In the present invention, the annual average temperature of the location of the macadamia nut orchard is preferably 18°C ​​to 23°C; on the basis of ensuring the annual average temperature, the temperature is further preferably the average temperature of the coldest month ≥ 11.5°C, the average temperature of the hottest month ≤ 26°C, the extreme minimum temperature ≤ -3°C and the frequency of occurrence is < 10%, and the extreme maximum temperature is < 38°C; the air humidity of the location of the macadamia nut orchard is preferably 70% to 80%; the altitude of the location of the macadamia nut orchard is preferably 800 to 1500m, more preferably 800 to 1200m, and the annual precipitation is preferably ≥ 1000mm.

[0027] After determining the macadamia nut orchard, the present invention preferably screens the planting plots. In the present invention, the screening preferably selects relatively neat plots with suitable canopy density; the canopy density is preferably 0.65 to 0.85, more preferably 0.65. By determining suitable planting plots in the macadamia nut orchard, it is not only beneficial to the management of the macadamia nut orchard to achieve cultivation instead of tending, but also can save the cost of pulling shade nets in the cultivation of pearly konjac.

[0028] After the screening, the present invention preferably organizes the planting plot. In the present invention, there is no special requirement for the organization method, and the debris in the planting plot is removed manually or mechanically to make the plot relatively flat; during the organization, the present invention preferably applies base fertilizer or no base fertilizer in the planting plot, and more preferably applies base fertilizer in the plot; when applying base fertilizer, the type of base fertilizer is preferably organic fertilizer; there is no special requirement for the source of the organic fertilizer, which shall be based on the organic fertilizer in accordance with NY / T525-2021; the method of applying the base fertilizer is preferably broadcasting; the application amount of the base fertilizer is preferably 1.5-2Kg / m 2 , more preferably 2Kg / m 2 Since base fertilizer has been applied when the planting plot is prepared, there is no need to apply organic fertilizer subsequently.

[0029] When the planting plot is arranged without applying base fertilizer, the present invention preferably applies organic fertilizer in the planting ditch; there is no special requirement for the source of the organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer that complies with NY / T525-2021 shall prevail; the application method of the organic fertilizer is preferably spot application; the location of the spot application is preferably between two adjacent konjac species; the amount of the spot application is preferably 150-200g / spot, more preferably 150g / spot. In other words, the number of applications of the organic fertilizer of the present invention is only 1 time, that is, it is applied in the form of base fertilizer when the planting plot is arranged or applied in the planting ditch between two adjacent konjac species.

[0030] After the arrangement, the present invention preferably sets a planting ditch on the arranged plot; the distance between the planting ditch and the macadamia tree is preferably 30 cm. The planting ditch of the present invention is preferably set along a straight line; the width of the planting ditch is preferably 15-20 cm, more preferably 17 cm, and the depth is preferably 15-20 cm, more preferably 20 cm; the distance between two adjacent planting ditches is preferably 40 cm-45 cm, more preferably 45 cm; the two adjacent planting ditches are preferably arranged in parallel; there is no requirement for the length of the planting ditch, which can be adjusted according to the length of the planting plot; there is no special requirement for the method along the straight line, and the technology well known in the art can be used. In the specific implementation of the present invention, a straight line is drawn when setting the planting ditch, and the planting ditch is dug along one side of the straight line to obtain a planting ditch set along a straight line.

[0031] After obtaining the planting ditch, the present invention preferably plants pearly konjac in the planting ditch. In the invention, the planting is preferably placing pearly konjac and covering it with soil; the planting time of the pearly konjac is preferably from March to early May, more preferably April; the variety of the pearly konjac is preferably yellow pearly konjac; the planting specification of the pearly konjac is preferably 50-200g / piece, more preferably 150g / piece; during the planting, the distance between two adjacent pearly konjacs is preferably 20-25cm, more preferably 25cm; the thickness of the covering with soil is preferably 5-10cm, more preferably 8cm. By reasonably setting the planting ditch and optimizing the way of planting pearly konjac, it can be ensured that the pearly konjac is planted in a straight line, and its planting density is regulated to 20-25cm×40-45cm. When it is necessary to apply organic fertilizer in the planting ditch, the method and amount of applying organic fertilizer have been described in detail above, and will not be repeated here.

[0032] After the planting, the present invention covers the unearthed konjac with a film. In the present invention, during the covering, the height of the konjac is 1 to 10 cm, preferably 5 cm; the type of the film is preferably a two-color silver-gray reflective ground film; the width of the two-color silver-gray reflective ground film is preferably 40 to 45 cm, more preferably 45 cm; the thickness is preferably 0.012 mm to 0.015 mm, more preferably 0.015 mm; during the covering, the black side is preferably facing down and the silver-gray side is facing up. Reasonable covering can help solve the problem of konjac seedling germination difficulties. At the same time, the black side of the film can prevent and control weeds, and the silver-gray color can reflect light, which is conducive to increasing the brightness and driving away pests, thereby preventing the burning of seedlings caused by overheating of the film.

[0033] After the film coating, the present invention also preferably performs insect control on the film-coated konjac. In the present invention, the insect control is preferably to install insecticidal lamps in the planting area to kill adult pests; the insecticidal lamps are preferably solar insecticidal lamps; when the damage rate of pests is ≥10 larvae / mu, the present invention also preferably uses chemical insecticides on the film-coated konjac; the type and use method of the chemical insecticide are not particularly limited, and the technology well known in the art can be used.

[0034] At the same time as the insect-proof management, the present invention preferably performs topdressing management on the film-coated konjac. In the present invention, the time of the topdressing is preferably after the konjac has emerged neatly and the leaves are fully unfolded; the type of fertilizer during the topdressing management is preferably a high-efficiency water-soluble compound fertilizer; the mass ratio of N:P:K in the high-efficiency water-soluble compound fertilizer is preferably 15:15:15 or 17:17:17; the application frequency of the high-efficiency water-soluble compound fertilizer is preferably 1.5 to 2 months / time, more preferably 1 month / time, and the application amount is preferably 10 to 15 kg / mu, more preferably 12 kg / mu; the time when the topdressing ends is preferably when the konjac is mature and picked; the time when the konjac is mature and picked is preferably late December of the planting year or early February of the second year of planting; there are no special requirements for the topdressing method, and the technology well known in the art can be used. After the topdressing, if it does not rain, it is preferred to water the land after the topdressing; there are no special requirements for the amount and method of watering, as long as the high-efficiency water-soluble compound fertilizer is dissolved.

[0035] The present invention also provides the application of the method described in the above technical solution in increasing the yield of konjac and / or reducing pests and diseases. Experiments show that after adopting the technical solution provided by the present invention, the yield of konjac increases by 22.3%, pests and diseases are reduced, and manpower and material resources are greatly saved.

[0036] To further illustrate the present invention, a method for planting konjac under a macadamia forest and its application provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Experimental Example 1

[0038] A method for planting bulbil konjac under a macadamia nut forest, comprising the following steps:

[0039] (1) The macadamia nut farm is located in Dadishan Township and Chonggang Township, Yongde County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province

[0040] ① Temperature and humidity in the planting area: annual average temperature 18℃~23℃, average temperature of the coldest month ≥11.5℃, average temperature of the hottest month ≤26℃, extreme minimum temperature ≤-3℃ and the frequency of occurrence is less than 10%, extreme maximum temperature <38℃; air humidity during the growing season is 70%~80%.

[0041] ②Altitude range: about 1000m

[0042] ③ Annual precipitation: not less than 1100mm

[0043] ④Macadamia nut orchard canopy density: 0.75

[0044] (2) Konjac seeds: The variety is yellow konjac with bulbil, and the planting specification is 50g to 200g per piece.

[0045] (3) Land preparation

[0046] ①Plot selection: Choose a flat or relatively flat plot. First, clear the debris on the ground, and evenly spread organic fertilizer (conventionally purchase organic fertilizer that meets the NY / T525-2021 standard) at a standard of 1.5 kg per square meter on the ground, use a micro-tillage machine to rake the soil, remove stones, and make the plot relatively flat.

[0047] (4) Planting: specific planting methods include: Figure 1 As shown;

[0048] ① Planting time: March to early May

[0049] ② Planting method: In order to facilitate film covering, a straight line must be drawn during planting, and a planting ditch with a width of 15 cm and a depth of 15 cm is dug along one side of the straight line. After the planting ditch is dug, the konjac seeds in step (2) are placed at intervals of 20 cm to 25 cm along the center of the ditch, and the soil is returned to cover the seeds by 5 cm to 10 cm. Then the previous straight line is moved to 45 cm from the previous planting ditch, and another planting ditch parallel to the previous line is dug. The planting method is the same as above, and the planting is carried out in this way. The final spacing between plants and rows is 25 cm × 45 cm.

[0050] ③ Covering film

[0051] When the konjac has just emerged from the soil (about 1cm to 10cm is exposed from the soil), a two-color silver-gray reflective ground film with a width of 45cm and a thickness of 1.5 threads (i.e. 0.015mm) is used to cover the konjac planting rows. At this time, the position of the konjac plant can be accurately found to avoid covering the position where the konjac emerges from the soil when covering the film, which affects the emergence of the konjac seedlings. When covering the film, the black side should be facing down and the silver-gray side should be facing up. The black color can prevent and control weeds, and the silver-gray color can reflect light, increase the brightness and drive away pests. At the same time, it can prevent the black film from overheating and causing the seedlings to burn. This film covering method can solve the problem that it is difficult to break through the covered film when the konjac seedlings emerge.

[0052] (5) Pest control management

[0053] ① Weeding: promptly remove the small amount of weeds growing out of the gaps in the film. Weeding should be done as early as possible rather than later. Do not wait until the grass grows up before weeding to avoid lifting the film during weeding.

[0054] ② Principles of pest control: Adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive control, and pest control before disease control". The main pests are hawk moth larvae and bat moth larvae. Installing solar insect killer lamps on the edge of the field can effectively prevent adult insects. When pests cause harm to konjac, that is, when the harm rate reaches ≥10 larvae / mu, use chemical insecticides for control. The type and application method of chemical insecticides can be based on local planting habits.

[0055] (6) Topdressing management

[0056] After the konjac seedlings have emerged evenly and the leaves have fully expanded, apply high-efficiency water-soluble compound fertilizer (the mass ratio of N:P:K in the high-efficiency water-soluble compound fertilizer is 15:15:15) once every month, with an amount of 15 kg per mu. If it does not rain after fertilization, water the plants in time to fully dissolve the compound fertilizer.

[0057] (7) Harvesting: By January, the harvesting is gradually carried out according to the needs of the processing plant. After removing the soil, the fruits are placed in plastic mesh bags and wait for direct loading trucks to transport them.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] The difference from Example 1 is that no base fertilizer is applied in step (3);

[0060] In step (4), between adjacent two konjaku species, put 150% organic fertilizer (organic fertilizer is identical with the organic fertilizer in embodiment 1), back-soil 5~10cm covers konjaku species and organic fertilizer.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] The difference from Example 1 is that step (4) does not involve the process of covering the film.

[0063] Results and Analysis:

[0064] The growth potential and yield statistics of the konjac after different planting modes in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were respectively performed, i.e., the plant growth was measured in August and in January of the second year, 3 sampling areas with an area of ​​1 square meter were randomly drawn in the experimental fields of the embodiment and the comparative example, and the konjac in the sampling areas were respectively dug and weighed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0065] Table 1 Effects of different planting methods on the growth and yield of konjac

[0066]

[0067] Note: The weight of konjac seeds is 150g to 200g.

[0068] As can be seen from Table 1, during the same planting time, the average growth height of konjak in Comparative Example 1 is only 59.33cm, the average number of germinating plants is only 1.67, and the average weight of konjak is 926.33g / ; and the average growth height and the average number of germinating plants of konjak in Embodiment 1 are respectively up to 114.33cm and 2.67, and the average weight of konjak is up to 1132.67g / , and the increase is 22.3%. It can be seen from this that the technical solution provided by the present invention is conducive to the raising of konjak output.

[0069] Comparative Example 2

[0070] The difference from Example 1 is that the type of film in step (4) is a porous film with a pore size of 7 cm, specifically 1.5 filaments, 1.5 m width, and 12 holes / row.

[0071] Since the diameter of the hole is 7cm, the seeds that can be sown are only those with a bulb diameter of less than 5cm. If the diameter is larger than 5cm, it will not work. In addition, the small size of the seeds determines the low yield, about 456 grams per seed.

[0072] Comparative Example 3

[0073] The difference from Example 1 is that the film covering method in step (4) is as follows: first, ridges are formed, planting holes are dug (the planting hole depth is about 20 cm, and the area is about 20×20 cm), konjac seeds are placed (specific requirements are: double-row triangle planting of 50×50 cm, and the row spacing is 90 cm), i.e., about 2300 konjac seeds / mu, and then a small wooden stick or a disposable bamboo chopstick is uprightly inserted just above the konjac seeds, then the small wooden stick or the disposable bamboo chopstick is covered with soil together with the konjac seeds, and the soil cannot exceed the small wooden stick or the disposable bamboo chopstick, and then a two-color silver-gray reflective ground film is spread, the ground film is pressed by hand, so that the small wooden stick or the disposable bamboo chopstick pokes through the ground film, and then a special film breaker is used to break the film with the small wooden stick or the disposable bamboo chopstick as the mark of the planting center, and the konjac plant can grow out in the broken film hole later.

[0074] This method is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and material-intensive, and it is difficult to increase the planting density, which affects the yield of konjac.

[0075] In summary, after adopting the technical solution provided by the present invention, not only the yield of bulbil konjac is increased (the increase is 22.3%), the pests and diseases are reduced, but also manpower and material resources are greatly saved.

[0076] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting konjac under a macadamia nut forest, characterized in that: The steps include: Planting Amorphophallus konjac in a straight line in a macadamia nut garden and covering the Amorphophallus konjac after it emerges from the soil; The planting density of the bulbil konjac is 20-25 cm×40-45 cm; During the film covering, the height of the bulbil konjac is 1 to 10 cm; The canopy density of the macadamia nut orchard is 0.65-0.

85.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the film covering, the type of the ground film is a two-color silver-grey reflective ground film.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The conditions of the location of the macadamia nut orchard include: an annual average temperature of 18°C ​​to 23°C, an air humidity of 70% to 80%, an altitude of 800 to 1500m, and an annual precipitation of ≥1000mm.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before planting the bulbil konjac, the method further comprises: setting a planting ditch in the macadamia nut garden; The planting ditch has a width of 15 to 20 cm and a depth of 15 to 20 cm.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The method further comprises applying organic fertilizer to the area before planting or applying organic fertilizer in the planting furrow; The method of fertilization before planting is broadcasting; the amount of broadcasting is 1.5-2Kg / m 2 ; The method of applying organic fertilizer in the planting furrow is spot application; the location of the spot application is between two adjacent bulbil konjac seeds; the amount of the spot application is 150-200g / spot.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises: performing insect prevention and topdressing management on the film-covered konjac; The pest control management includes: installing insecticidal lamps in the planting area; During the topdressing management, the type of fertilizer is a high-efficiency water-soluble compound fertilizer; the mass ratio of N:P:K in the high-efficiency water-soluble compound fertilizer is 15:15:15 or 17:17:

17.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the topdressing management, the frequency of applying fertilizer is once a month, and the application amount is 10 to 15 kg / mu.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The planting time of the bulbil konjac is from March to early May.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The varieties of the pearly konjac include yellow pearly konjac; the seed specifications of the pearly konjac are 50-200g / piece.

10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in increasing the yield of bulbil konjac and / or reducing pests and diseases.

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