Tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of chemical fertilizers, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: taking fruit tree branch particles, tobacco waste particles and auxiliary material particles, and uniformly mixing to prepare a compost material; adding 0.1-0.2% of a decomposition microbial inoculum, and uniformly mixing for later use; stacking the uniformly mixed compost material into strip stacks; after the strip pile is stacked, turning the pile in time, and maintaining the temperature of the pile body at 55 DEG C for at least 15 days; moving out of the composting site, continuously stacking for 20-30 days, and turning during the period to obtain a fermented fertilizer; drying the fertilizer with high water content until the water content is lower than 30%, crushing the caked fertilizer, and storing the crushed fertilizer in a shady, cool, ventilated and dry place to obtain a compost product. According to the invention, the composting process is accelerated, the content of nicotine in the tobacco waste organic fertilizer is reduced, organic matters in the tobacco waste are fully utilized, and the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to an organic fertilizer, specifically a tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In agricultural production, fertilization can not only improve soil fertility, but also is an important measure to increase crop yield per unit area. The use of fertilizers plays a vital role in the growth of crops. However, the long-term use of chemical fertilizers will lead to problems such as soil structure destruction, soil quality decline and environmental pollution.

[0003] Tobacco waste contains a large amount of nutrients such as potassium and phosphorus that are easily absorbed by plants, and can be used as a raw material for producing organic fertilizer. However, nicotine is present in tobacco waste, and the nicotine content is too high. Directly returning it to the field will lead to a decrease in plant growth indicators, which is not conducive to plant growth and will also cause environmental pollution. In the prior art, composting tobacco waste (aerobic composting of tobacco waste and livestock and poultry manure) can reduce harmful components in the waste, and at the same time is beneficial to the improvement of soil structure and the supplement of nutrients, so as to realize the resource utilization of waste. However, during the composting process, the nicotine content in the tobacco waste is affected, resulting in a decrease in enzyme activity, a long composting time, poor composting effect, and a large loss of product nitrogen, which cannot meet the quality requirements for fertilizer use.

[0004] As a kind of agricultural waste, fruit tree branches are rich in organic matter and nutrients and have great utilization value. However, the traditional treatment methods of fruit tree branches mainly adopt direct incineration or stacking, which not only fails to make full use of the organic matter and nutrients in fruit tree branches, but also causes waste of resources and pollution to the environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches and a preparation method thereof in order to solve the problems that the current long-term use of chemical fertilizers is not conducive to the maintenance of land quality, the harmful components in tobacco waste lead to the direct return of tobacco waste to the field being not conducive to plant growth and polluting the environment, and the traditional treatment method of fruit tree branches does not fully utilize the nutritional elements thereof.

[0006] The present invention is implemented by the following technologies: The present invention provides a method for preparing tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches, comprising the following steps: a. Pre-treatment of raw materials and auxiliary materials The tobacco waste, fruit tree branches and auxiliary materials are chopped and crushed into particles by a pulverizer. The diameter of the particles is 10 mm, and fruit tree branch particles, tobacco waste particles and auxiliary material particles are prepared.

[0007] b. Ratio of raw materials and auxiliary materials Take 0.5-2 parts of fruit tree branch particles, 2 parts of tobacco waste particles, and 2 parts of auxiliary material particles, mix them evenly, and prepare compost material.

[0008] Furthermore, 1 part of fruit tree branch particles, 2 parts of tobacco waste particles, and 2 parts of auxiliary material particles are mixed evenly to prepare compost material.

[0009] c. Material mixing Add a decomposing bacteria agent to the compost material prepared in step b, which is used to degrade nicotine in tobacco waste and cellulose and lignin in fruit tree branches. The amount of the decomposing bacteria agent added is 0.1% to 0.2% of the mass of the compost material. Mix the decomposing bacteria agent and the compost material evenly and set aside.

[0010] The method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, the decomposing bacteria agent and the compost material are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 1:20, and then the remaining compost material is added, mixed fully and set aside.

[0011] d, pile up The mixed compost material is piled into strips with a trapezoidal or arched cross-section. The bottom width of the strip is 1.5 to 2 m and the height is 1 to 1.5 m. The length of the strip is determined by the amount of raw materials and the size of the site.

[0012] e. Turn the pile After the windrows are stacked, turn the pile when the temperature rises to 55℃ for the first time, and then turn it every 2 to 4 days. When the temperature reaches above 70℃ or below 55℃, turn the pile in time. Keep the temperature of the pile at 55℃ for at least 15 days. Then, when the temperature is below 50℃, turn the pile every 5 to 7 days. Stop turning the pile when the temperature is below 40℃ to obtain compost material with initial humification.

[0013] f, sedimentation and decomposition In order to further effectively improve the degree of humification, the initially humified compost material is moved out of the composting site and continued to be piled for 20 to 30 days, during which the pile is turned 2 to 4 times to obtain fermented fertilizer; the obtained fertilizer has a black or brown appearance, a loose structure, no odor, a water content of ≤45%, and a germination index of ≥70%.

[0014] g, drying, crushing The fertilizer with high water content is dried to a water content of less than 30%. The drying is carried out by airing or other drying methods. The agglomerated fertilizer is crushed and stored in a cool, ventilated and dry place to prevent moisture, thereby obtaining a compost product.

[0015] The present invention is also implemented by the following techniques: The invention discloses an organic fertilizer prepared by a method for preparing organic fertilizer made from tobacco waste containing fruit tree branches.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The invention discloses a tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches and a preparation method thereof. By co-composting the fruit tree branches and tobacco waste, the fruit tree branches can be effectively utilized as resources, and harmful components in the tobacco waste can be reduced, while having a positive impact on the environment, thereby providing support for sustainable agricultural development.

[0017] The present invention adds 10% to 30% of fruit tree branches to tobacco waste and cow dung piles to effectively improve the efficiency and maturity of composting. Compared with the single tobacco waste and cow dung composting in the prior art, the compost maturity is significantly improved, the composting process is accelerated, the nicotine content in the tobacco waste organic fertilizer is reduced, the organic matter in the tobacco waste is fully utilized, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium content are increased, and at the same time, the fruit tree branches that are mostly used for burning and stacking are effectively utilized, the production cost is low, and the method is simple and easy to operate; the obtained tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches is safer and more effective than chemical fertilizers; and it is suitable for large-scale promotion and use. It meets the urgent demand for environmentally friendly and efficient organic fertilizers in agricultural production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the changes in nicotine content due to different treatments in the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 : is a graph showing the changes in properties of composts treated differently in the present invention, wherein a represents temperature, b represents electrical conductivity (EC), c represents pH, d represents moisture content (MC), e represents germination index (GI), f represents organic matter (OM), g represents total nitrogen, h represents total phosphorus, and i represents total potassium.

[0020] Figure 3 The figure is a graph showing changes in the activities of enzymes related to lignocellulose degradation during different composting treatments in the present invention, wherein a represents cellulase activity, b represents xylanase activity, c represents β-glucosidase activity, and d represents manganese peroxidase activity.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a characteristic diagram of bacterial and fungal communities during the composting process of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 is the relative abundance of bacterial genera related to nicotine degradation during the composting process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Example 1

[0024] The method for preparing a tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches designed by the present invention comprises the following steps: a. Pre-treatment of raw materials and auxiliary materials The tobacco waste, fruit tree branches and auxiliary materials are chopped and crushed into particles by a pulverizer. The diameter of the particles is 10 mm, and fruit tree branch particles, tobacco waste particles and livestock and poultry manure are prepared.

[0025] b. Ratio of raw materials and auxiliary materials Take 1 part of fruit tree branch particles, 2 parts of tobacco waste particles, and 2 parts of livestock and poultry manure, mix them evenly, and prepare compost material. The amount of fruit tree branch particles added to the pile is 20%.

[0026] c. Material mixing Take 0.2% of the mass of the compost material as the decomposing agent, take part of the compost material and the decomposing agent for initial mixing, the mass ratio of the decomposing agent to the compost material in the initial mixing is 1:20, then add the remaining compost material, mix thoroughly and set aside.

[0027] d, pile up The mixed compost material is piled into strips with a trapezoidal or arched cross-section. The bottom width of the strip is 1.5 to 2 m and the height is 1 to 1.5 m. The length of the strip is determined by the amount of raw materials and the size of the site.

[0028] e. Turn the pile After the windrows are stacked, turn the pile when the temperature rises to 55℃ for the first time, and then turn it every 2 to 4 days. When the temperature reaches above 70℃ or below 55℃, turn the pile in time. Keep the temperature of the pile at 55℃ for at least 15 days. Then, when the temperature is below 50℃, turn the pile every 5 to 7 days. Stop turning the pile when the temperature is below 40℃ to obtain compost material with initial humification.

[0029] f, sedimentation and decomposition In order to further effectively improve the degree of humification, the initially humified compost material is moved out of the composting site and continued to be piled for 20 to 30 days, during which the pile is turned 2 to 4 times to obtain fermented fertilizer; the obtained fertilizer has a black or brown appearance, a loose structure, no odor, a water content of ≤45%, and a germination index of ≥70%.

[0030] g, drying, crushing The fertilizer with high water content is dried to a water content of less than 30%. The drying is carried out by airing or other drying methods. The agglomerated fertilizer is crushed and stored in a cool, ventilated and dry place to prevent moisture, thereby obtaining a compost product.

[0031] If the compost product is returned to the field, it can be simply packaged and used; if the compost product is sold as commercial organic fertilizer, its quality must meet the NY / T 525 organic fertilizer standard. Example 2

[0032] The tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches and the preparation method thereof designed by the present invention include the following steps: except that the amount of fruit tree branch particles added in the pile is 10%, the other steps are completely consistent with Example 1, that is, in step b, 1 part of fruit tree branch particles, 4.5 parts of tobacco waste particles, and 4.5 parts of livestock and poultry manure are taken, mixed evenly, and compost material is obtained. Example 3

[0033] The tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches and the preparation method thereof designed by the present invention include the following steps: except that the amount of fruit tree branch particles added in the pile is 30%, the other steps are completely consistent with Example 1, that is, in step b, 3 parts of fruit tree branch particles, 3.5 parts of tobacco waste particles, and 3.5 parts of livestock and poultry manure are taken, mixed evenly, and compost material is obtained.

[0034] The compost products prepared in Examples 1 to 3 were tested, and T1 was respectively recorded as Example 2, i.e., a group with 10% fruit tree branches added; T2 was Example 1, i.e., a group with 20% fruit tree branches added; T3 was Example 3, i.e., a group with 30% fruit tree branches added; and T0 was taken as a control group, i.e., in step b, 1 portion of tobacco waste particles and 1 portion of livestock and poultry manure were taken, and no fruit tree branches were added, and all were tested together.

[0035] 1. Changes in nicotine content The nicotine content of the compost products with different treatments was tested at different times, and the results were as follows: Figure 1 As shown in the results, after composting, the addition of 10% to 30% of fruit tree branches to the compost significantly reduced the nicotine content compared with the compost without addition (P < 0.05).

[0036] 2. Changes in physical and chemical properties during composting The temperature under different composting time was measured as follows Figure 2 As shown in a, where ET represents the ambient temperature, the composting time of tobacco fertilizer waste has an obvious lag compared with the composting process of other materials.

[0037] The electrical conductivity (EC) at different composting times was measured as follows: Figure 2 As shown in b, after the composting process, the EC value of the pile stabilized at 0.10dS / m~0.64dS / m.

[0038] The pH values ​​at different composting times were measured as follows: Figure 2 As shown in Figure c, adding fruit tree branches to the tobacco waste pile tends to reduce the maximum pH value, and reducing the maximum pH value can reduce the generation of ammonia and nitrogen loss in the pile.

[0039] The moisture content (MC) at different composting times was measured as follows: Figure 2 As shown in Figure d, after composting, the moisture contents of treatments T0, T1, T2 and T3 decreased by 69.32%, 69.97%, 62.54% and 69.49%, respectively, among which the moisture content of Example 1 (T2) decreased significantly less than that of the other groups.

[0040] The germination index (GI) at different composting times was measured as follows: Figure 2 As shown in Figure 5, after the composting was completed, the GI at T0, T1, T2, and T3 all reached more than 70%. Among them, Examples 1 to 3 were significantly and consistently higher than the control group (T0) from the first detection. At the 24th day, Example 1 (T2) was significantly higher than the other groups. It can be seen that under different treatments, the present invention has a significant promoting effect on the germination index. LSD multiple comparisons showed that the GI values ​​of T1, T2, and T3 were significantly different from those of T0 (P < 0.05).

[0041] The organic matter (OM) at different composting times was measured as follows: Figure 2 As shown in Figure f, during the composting process, the organic matter in Examples 1 to 3 (T1, T2, T3) was significantly higher than that in the control group (T0) (P < 0.05).

[0042] The total nitrogen values ​​at different composting times were measured as follows: Figure 2 As shown in Figure g, after composting, the total nitrogen values ​​of Examples 1 to 3 (T1, T2, T3) were significantly higher than that of the control group (T0) (P<0.05).

[0043] The total phosphorus values ​​at different composting times were measured as follows: Figure 2 As shown in h, the total phosphorus content in the pile first increased and then decreased slightly, and there was no significant difference in total phosphorus content among different treatments.

[0044] The total potassium values ​​at different composting times were measured as follows: Figure 2 As shown in Fig. 1, the trend of total potassium content over time is similar to that of total phosphorus, which first increases slightly, then decreases significantly and stabilizes. Among them, pairwise comparison shows that there is a significant difference between Example 2 (T1) and the control group (T0) (P<0.05).

[0045] Taken together, these results suggest that the addition of fruit trees to compost piles can improve organic matter degradation rates while retaining the effects of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium.

[0046] 3. Changes in the activities of enzymes related to lignocellulose degradation The changes in the activities of enzymes related to lignocellulose degradation during composting were detected.

[0047] like Figure 3As shown in a, during the composting process, the cellulase activity first increased, then decreased, and finally increased slightly. The enzyme activity of Examples 1 to 3 (T1, T2, T3) was significantly higher than that of the control group (T0) (P < 0.05).

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown in b, 3c, and 3d, the xylanase activity, β-glucosidase activity, and manganese peroxidase activity first increased, then decreased, and finally increased to the highest level. Figure 3 As shown in Figure b, the xylanase activity of Examples 1 to 3 (T1, T2, T3) was significantly higher than that of the control group (T0) (P < 0.05). Figure 3 As shown in Figures 3c and 3d, the β-glucosidase activity and manganese peroxidase activity of the treatments in Examples 1 and 3 (T2 and T3) were significantly higher than those of the control group (T0) (P < 0.05).

[0049] 4. Changes in bacterial and fungal communities during composting During the composting process, Figure 4 As shown in a, the bacterial community at the phylum level is dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Figure 4 As shown in b, the top 20 genera were selected as representatives for further bacterial community analysis.

[0050] like Figure 4 c As shown in Figure 3, during the entire composting process, the dominant fungal phylum in each treatment was Ascomycota, followed by Basidiomycota and Mucormycota. Figure 4 As shown in (d), the top 20 genera were selected as representatives for further fungal community analysis.

[0051] 5. Relative abundance analysis of bacterial genera related to nicotine degradation The main bacterial genera involved in nicotine degradation include Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Actinomycetes. Bacillus is the bacterial genus with the highest relative abundance in nicotine degradation. The abundance of Bacillus in Examples 1 to 3 (T1, T2, T3) was detected. Figure 5 As shown, the abundance was measured to decrease by 36.15%, 38.99% and 43.48%, respectively. Similarly, compared with the control group (T0), the abundance of actinomycetes in Examples 1 to 3 (T1, T2, T3) decreased by 36.60%, 94.68% and 95.35%, respectively.

[0052] The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various deformations and changes. Any modifications, improvements and equivalent substitutions made within the concept and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a. Pre-treatment of raw materials and auxiliary materials Cut tobacco waste, fruit tree branches and auxiliary materials into pieces and grind them into particles, wherein the diameter of the particles is 10 mm, to prepare fruit tree branch particles, tobacco waste particles and auxiliary material particles; b. Ratio of raw materials and auxiliary materials Take 0.5-2 parts of fruit tree branch particles, 2 parts of tobacco waste particles, and 2 parts of auxiliary material particles, mix them evenly, and prepare compost material; c. Material mixing Add a decomposing agent to the compost material prepared in step b, wherein the amount of the decomposing agent added is 0.1% to 0.2% of the mass of the compost material, and mix the decomposing agent and the compost material evenly for later use; d, pile up Pile the mixed compost material into a windrow with a trapezoidal or arched cross section; e. Turn the pile After the windrows are piled, turn the piles when the temperature rises to 55℃ for the first time, and then turn them every 2-4 days. When the temperature reaches above 70℃ or below 55℃, turn the piles in time. When the temperature of the pile body is kept at 55℃, maintain it for at least 15 days. After that, when the temperature is below 50℃, turn the piles every 5-7 days. When the temperature is below 40℃, stop turning the piles to obtain the compost material with initial humification. f, sedimentation and decomposition The initially humified compost material is removed from the composting site and piled for another 20 to 30 days, during which the pile is turned 2 to 4 times to obtain a fermented fertilizer. g, drying, crushing The fertilizer with high water content is dried to a water content of less than 30%, the agglomerated fertilizer is crushed, and after crushing, it is stored in a cool, ventilated and dry place to obtain a compost product.

2. The method for preparing a tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step c specifically includes the following steps: mixing the decomposing bacteria agent and the compost material evenly at a mass ratio of 1:20, adding the remaining compost material, mixing them thoroughly and setting aside.

3. The method for preparing a tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step d, the bottom width of the stack is 1.5-2 m and the height is 1-1.5 m.

4. The method for preparing a tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step g, the drying process includes airing.

5. The method for preparing a tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step b, take 1 part of fruit tree branch particles, 2 parts of tobacco waste particles, and 2 parts of auxiliary material particles, wherein the auxiliary material particles include livestock and poultry manure.

6. The organic fertilizer prepared according to the method for preparing tobacco waste organic fertilizer containing fruit tree branches according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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