Method for improving root activity and function of fruit trees in low-carbon soil in hilly and mountainous regions

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving the root activity and function of fruit trees in low-carbon soil in hills and mountains. Comprising the following steps: (1) when fruit tree seedlings are cultivated, spreading biomass ash on the ground after sowing; (2) soil disinfection and sterilization are carried out before field planting, after a base fertilizer is mixed with biomass ash, the land is deeply ploughed by 25 cm or above, a layer of biomass ash is spread in a field planting pit, and fruit tree seedlings are planted after roots are dipped in a leaching solution of the biomass ash; (3) when the fertilizer is supplemented, glucose and a growth-promoting microbial agent are added into the fertilizer; (4) selecting proper green manure crops for inter-row planting, and performing cutting and turning and pressing from an initial flowering stage to a full-bloom stage; and (5) performing organic covering after the fruit trees germinate or bloom. The biomass ash is used for replacing lime, so that nutritional ingredients can be provided under the condition of improving the soil acidity, and the vitality and functions of fruit tree root systems are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for improving the vitality and function of the root system of fruit trees in low-carbon soil in hilly mountains. Background Art

[0002] Most of the orchards in a certain county are built in hilly and mountainous areas. Mountain orchards generally have the characteristics of "acidic, dry, sticky, and barren". During the growth of the fruit tree roots, the roots are often blocked, the nutrient absorption capacity is reduced, and the risk of root diseases and insect pests is increased based on the nature of the soil, which greatly affects the vitality and function of the fruit tree roots. In order to improve the vitality and function of the fruit tree root system, people apply lime to the soil. Although it can solve the problem of acidic soil to a certain extent, due to its strong bactericidal effect, beneficial bacteria will also be killed, resulting in the destruction of the ecological balance of the soil, and there will also be phenomena such as root burning and seed burning. In addition, lime will also precipitate some metal ions in the soil, leading to heavy metal ion pollution. The application of lime will accelerate the dissolution of organic matter in the soil, resulting in a decrease in the organic matter content. Organic fertilizers need to be supplemented in time. Lime has a certain destructive effect on the fertilizer effect. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the vitality and function of the root system of fruit trees in low-carbon soil in hilly mountainous areas, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0005] A method for improving the root vitality and function of fruit trees in low-carbon soil in hilly mountainous areas, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) When cultivating fruit tree seedlings, spread biomass ash on the ground after sowing;

[0007] (2) Before planting, the soil is disinfected and sterilized, and after the base fertilizer is mixed with biomass ash and applied, the land is deep-turned to a depth of more than 25 cm, and a layer of biomass ash is spread in the planting pit. The fruit tree seedlings are dipped in the leachate of biomass ash and then planted;

[0008] (3) When supplementing fertilizer, glucose and growth-promoting bacteria are added to the fertilizer;

[0009] (4) Select appropriate green manure crops for inter-row planting and mow and turn them over from the early flowering stage to the peak flowering stage;

[0010] (5) Apply organic mulch after fruit trees sprout or bloom.

[0011] Furthermore, biomass ash is the residue remaining after agricultural and forestry waste is made into biomass fuel and burned in biomass combustion equipment. It is divided into grass ash and wood ash according to the source of raw materials. The grass ash biomass fuel is made from straw as the main raw material, and the wood ash biomass fuel is made from wood as the main raw material.

[0012] Furthermore, when spreading the biomass ash in step (1), the thickness is 2-5 cm.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (2), when the base fertilizer is mixed with biomass ash for spreading, the soluble phosphate fertilizer is dissolved in water and then soaked in grass ash, and the soluble potassium fertilizer is dissolved in water and then soaked in wood ash. The soaked grass ash and wood ash are mixed with the base fertilizer and then applied.

[0014] Furthermore, the method for preparing the leachate of the biomass ash in step (2) is to mix the biomass ash and water in a ratio of 1:10-20 and stir for 24 hours.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (3), the amount of glucose used is 100-200 g per fruit tree, and the amount of the growth-promoting agent used is 2-5 kg ​​per mu of land.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (5) of organic covering, the organic covering is first mixed with biomass ash and then covered on the soil.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The present invention uses biomass ash to replace lime, which can improve soil acidity and provide nutrients, thereby improving the vitality and function of the root system of fruit trees.

[0019] 2. Taking advantage of the porosity of biomass ash and dispersing it into the soil can increase the air permeability of the soil, thereby solving the problem of sticky acidic soil and poor air permeability, and further improving the vitality and function of the fruit tree root system.

[0020] 3. When applying base fertilizer, utilize the absorption and decomposition ability of biomass ash for phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, so that biomass ash becomes a phosphorus and potassium reservoir for the soil. When the phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the soil solution are low, the phosphorus and potassium in the biomass ash can be slowly released for crops to absorb and utilize, thereby extending the effective period of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

[0021] 4. By planting green manure crops between fruit tree rows, the organic matter in the soil can be increased to solve the problem of acidic soil barrenness. The sterilization and insecticidal properties of biomass ash can be used to protect the root system of fruit tree seedlings, and the organic mulch can be sterilized and insecticidal to prevent the organic mulch from bringing diseases and insect pests.

[0022] 5. The combined application of glucose and growth-promoting bacteria can improve the energy level of fruit trees, the vitality and function of the fruit tree root system, enhance the disease resistance and cold resistance of plants, and quickly improve the microbial environment of the fruit tree soil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0024] A method for improving the root vitality and function of fruit trees in low-carbon soil in hilly mountainous areas, comprising the following steps:

[0025] (1) When cultivating fruit tree seedlings, spread biomass ash on the ground after sowing, with a thickness of 2-5 cm. Biomass ash is the residue left after agricultural and forestry waste is made into biomass fuel and burned in biomass combustion equipment. It is divided into grass ash and wood ash according to the source of raw materials. The grass ash biomass fuel is made from straw as the main raw material, and the wood ash biomass fuel is made from wood as the main raw material.

[0026] The residue after burning biomass fuel contains rich mineral elements such as potassium, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium, which are essential for the growth of fruit trees. In addition, biomass ash has a loose and porous structure, which helps to improve soil aeration and water retention. Spreading after sowing can retain moisture, keep the soil loose, promote seed germination about a week in advance, and provide nutrition to the seeds, so that the fruit tree seedlings grow neatly and vigorously.

[0027] (2) Disinfect and sterilize the soil before planting. After spreading the base fertilizer mixed with biomass ash, plow the land more than 25 cm deep, spread a layer of biomass ash in the planting pit, and plant the fruit tree seedlings after dipping their roots in the leaching solution of biomass ash. When spreading the base fertilizer mixed with biomass ash, dissolve the soluble phosphate fertilizer in water and soak it in grass ash, dissolve the soluble potassium fertilizer in water and soak it in wood ash, and mix the soaked grass ash and wood ash with the base fertilizer before fertilization. The preparation method of the leaching solution of biomass ash is to mix the biomass ash and water in a ratio of 1:10-20 and stir for 24 hours.

[0028] Wood ash raw materials are mostly bark, branches, sawdust, etc., and grass ash is mostly herbaceous plants such as straw. Studies have found that grass ash has a strong ability to absorb and resolve phosphorus fertilizers, and wood ash has a strong ability to absorb and resolve potassium fertilizers. By utilizing this characteristic and soaking it, biomass ash can become a phosphorus and potassium reservoir for the soil. When the phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the soil solution are low, the phosphorus and potassium in the biomass ash can be slowly released for crops to absorb and utilize, thereby extending the fertilizer effect period of phosphorus and potassium. Using the alkalinity of biomass ash to adjust the pH of the soil can also make the soil more breathable, which is conducive to improving the vitality of the fruit tree root system.

[0029] When planting fruit tree seedlings, dip the roots in the extract of biomass ash and spread a layer of biomass ash in the planting pit, which can play a role in sterilization and insecticide. In the early stage after planting, it can increase effective nutrients, promote root wound healing, and improve the survival rate of transplanted fruit tree seedlings. As the roots of fruit trees grow and thrive, the biomass ash is gradually absorbed, and the bactericidal effect gradually decreases, which is conducive to the formation of beneficial bacteria, so that the roots of fruit trees can self-regulate the microbial environment of the soil.

[0030] (3) When supplementing fertilizer, add glucose and growth-promoting bacteria to the fertilizer. The amount of glucose used is 100-200g per fruit tree, and the amount of growth-promoting bacteria used is 2-5kg per mu of land. Glucose is a carbohydrate that can be directly absorbed and utilized by fruit trees, providing energy for plants and promoting plant growth and development. Glucose can increase the energy level of fruit trees, thereby enhancing the ability of fruit trees to absorb and utilize other nutrients in the soil, thereby improving the vitality and function of the fruit tree root system. In addition, glucose can enhance the disease resistance and cold resistance of plants, making the plants stronger and the leaves thicker and darker green. After planting, the application of biomass ash has a killing effect on fungi, so some growth-promoting bacteria need to be added when supplementing fertilizer. Growth-promoting bacteria can also use glucose to rapidly proliferate, thereby rapidly improving the microbial environment of the soil.

[0031] (4) Select appropriate green manure crops for inter-row planting and mow and turn them over from the early flowering period to the peak flowering period.

[0032] Planting green manure crops is an effective means to increase the organic matter content in the soil. It can continuously improve the soil environment and regulate the growth and development of fruit trees. It is an important means for modern orchards to improve quality and efficiency and achieve healthy and sustainable development.

[0033] (5) Organic mulch should be applied after fruit trees sprout or bloom. The organic mulch should be mixed with biomass ash and then covered on the soil.

[0034] Organic mulch for fruit trees is made by mixing straw, wood chips, mushroom residues, etc. and covering the soil around the fruit trees. However, these organic covers are also breeding grounds for pests and diseases in a certain sense. By mixing in biomass ash and utilizing its sterilization and insecticide capabilities, we can prevent organic covers from bringing in pests and diseases.

[0035] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0036] Biomass ash is weakly alkaline. Compared with lime, the alkaline solution produced by it and water is less corrosive and milder. It will not release heat and cause seedling burning. It can also provide nutrients while improving soil acidity. By utilizing the porosity of biomass ash and dispersing it into the soil, the air permeability of the soil can be increased, thereby solving the problem of sticky and poor air permeability of acidic soil, and further improving the vitality and function of the root system of fruit trees. When applying base fertilizer, the absorption and analysis ability of biomass ash for phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer can be used to make biomass ash a phosphorus and potassium reservoir for the soil. When the phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the soil solution are low, the phosphorus and potassium in the biomass ash can be slowly released for crops to absorb and utilize, thereby extending the fertilizer effect period of phosphorus and potassium. By planting green manure crops between fruit tree rows, the organic matter in the soil can be increased to solve the problem of poor acidic soil. The sterilization and insecticidal properties of biomass ash can also be used to protect the root system of fruit seedlings, and to sterilize and insecticidal organic coverings to prevent organic coverings from bringing diseases and pests. Glucose is a carbohydrate that can be directly absorbed and utilized by fruit trees. It provides energy for plants and promotes their growth and development. Glucose can increase the energy level of fruit trees, thereby enhancing their ability to absorb and utilize other nutrients in the soil, thereby improving the vitality and function of the fruit tree root system. In addition, glucose can enhance the disease resistance and cold resistance of plants, making the plants stronger and the leaves thicker and darker green. After planting, the application of biomass ash has a killing effect on fungi, so some growth-promoting agents need to be added when supplementing fertilizer. Growth-promoting agents can also use glucose to rapidly proliferate, thereby quickly restoring the microbial environment of the soil.

[0037] The above-described embodiments are merely descriptions of preferred implementations of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the concept and scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design concept of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made by ordinary persons in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The techniques, shapes, and structural parts not described in detail in the present invention are all well-known techniques.

Claims

1. A method for improving the root activity and function of fruit trees in low-carbon soil in hilly and mountainous areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) When cultivating fruit tree seedlings, spread biomass ash on the ground after sowing; (2) Before planting, the soil is disinfected and sterilized, and after the base fertilizer is mixed with biomass ash and applied, the land is deep-turned to a depth of more than 25 cm, and a layer of biomass ash is spread in the planting pit. The fruit tree seedlings are dipped in the leachate of biomass ash and then planted; (3) When supplementing fertilizer, glucose and growth-promoting bacteria are added to the fertilizer; (4) Select appropriate green manure crops for inter-row planting and mow and turn them over from the early flowering period to the peak flowering period; (5) Apply organic mulch after fruit trees sprout or bloom.

2. The method for improving the root activity and function of fruit trees in low-carbon soil in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biomass ash is the residue remaining after agricultural and forestry wastes are made into biomass fuels and burned in biomass combustion equipment. It is divided into grass ash and wood ash according to the source of raw materials. The grass ash biomass fuel is made with straw as the main raw material, and the wood ash biomass fuel is made with wood as the main raw material.

3. The method for improving the root activity and function of fruit trees in low-carbon soil in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the biomass ash is spread in step (1), the thickness is 2-5 cm.

4. The method for improving the root activity and function of fruit trees in low-carbon soil in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the base fertilizer is mixed with biomass ash for spreading in step (2), the soluble phosphate fertilizer is dissolved in water and then soaked in grass ash, and the soluble potassium fertilizer is dissolved in water and then soaked in wood ash. The soaked grass ash and wood ash are mixed with the base fertilizer and then applied.

5. The method for improving the root activity and function of fruit trees in low-carbon soil in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for preparing the leaching solution of the biomass ash in step (2) is to mix the biomass ash and water in a ratio of 1:10-20 and then stir for 24 hours.

6. The method for improving the root activity and function of fruit trees in low-carbon soil in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the amount of glucose used is 100-200 g per fruit tree, and the amount of growth-promoting bacteria used is 2-5 kg ​​per mu of land.

7. The method for improving the root activity and function of fruit trees in low-carbon soil in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the organic covering of step (5), the organic covering is first mixed with biomass ash and then covered on the soil.