Rice culture solution and application thereof in improving development state, yield and quality of rice

Abstract

The invention discloses a rice culture solution and application thereof in improving the development state, yield and quality of rice, and relates to the technical field of rice cultivation. According to the method, a culture solution containing 0.1-0.25 mM of phenylalanine and 0.1-0.5 mM of methionine is selected, and the rice is cultured in the whole growth period. Finally, the rice plants cultured by adopting the method are better in growth vigor, the biomass is increased, the tiller number is more, the grain number per plant per ear and the yield per plant are greatly improved, more importantly, the polished rice rate and the head rice rate of the rice are greatly improved, the chalky grain rate, the chalky size, the amylose content and the like are remarkably reduced, the grinding quality and the appearance quality are improved, and the rice quality is improved. The quality and the taste of the rice are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, and in particular to a rice culture solution and an application thereof in improving the rice development state, yield and rice quality. Background Art

[0002] Rice is one of the important food crops in my country and the world. With the increase of world population and the improvement of human living standards, the demand for high-yield and high-quality rice is also increasing. However, there is an obvious contradiction between high yield and high quality of rice, which is an urgent problem to be solved in the development of rice cultivation technology. As an important component of plant nutrition, the application of amino acids in crops has attracted increasing attention from researchers. In recent years, amino acid fertilizers have gradually entered the practice of agricultural production due to their potential to promote crop growth, enhance stress resistance and increase crop yield. Studies have shown that amino acid fertilizers play an important role in crop growth.

[0003] Applying amino acid fertilizers can significantly increase the chlorophyll content of crops, promote photosynthesis, and thus enhance the growth vitality of crops. Amino acids can also regulate hormone levels in plants, promote root development, and improve the ability of crops to absorb soil nutrients. For example, glutamic acid can enhance the root growth of rice by promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, thereby improving the overall growth potential of rice.

[0004] As signal molecules of plants, amino acids can promote the expression of stress resistance genes and enhance rice's resistance to various adversities. For example, amino acids such as glutamic acid, proline and lysine have a significant effect on rice's growth and stress resistance; the accumulation of proline in rice under stress conditions (such as drought or salinity) shows a significant promoting effect on enhancing rice's stress resistance.

[0005] Among the quality of rice, the appearance quality such as polished rice rate, chalky grain rate, and chalky size is very important. However, the purpose of applying most amino acid fertilizers at present is more to increase the nutrient content in rice. For example, Chinese patent CN101376612B discloses spraying amino acid fertilizers on the leaves of rice from the flowering period to the filling period to increase the trace elements and protein / amino acid content in rice. For example, Chinese patent CN108184585B discloses spraying amino acid nutrients on the leaves of rice during the tillering period, heading and flowering period, and filling and maturation period to increase rice yield and the amino acid content in rice. For another example, Chinese patent CN101151969B discloses spraying a tillering development promoter containing carbonamide, methionine, phenylalanine, and aspartic acid on the surface of the seedling bed 2 days before transplanting the rice seedlings to promote tillering and division of rice in cold areas.

[0006] It can be seen that although the widespread application of amino acid fertilizers in rice cultivation has important practical significance, the current purpose of using amino acid fertilizers in rice cultivation is still limited to improving the nutritional content of rice. There has been no research and application of amino acid fertilizers on how to improve the appearance quality of rice, such as the polished rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalky grain size, and improve the daily growth status of rice. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention provides a rice culture solution and its application in improving the development state, yield and quality of rice. Under the condition of ensuring the supply of basic nitrogen fertilizer, the culture solution containing appropriate amounts of phenylalanine and methionine is used for culturing rice during the whole growth period of rice, which can significantly improve the appearance quality of rice such as polished rice rate, whole polished rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalky size, etc., reduce the content of amylose, and improve the taste of rice while increasing the yield of rice. It is specifically achieved by the following technologies.

[0008] A rice culture solution is used for improving the development state, yield and quality of rice. The rice culture solution contains 0.1-0.25 mM phenylalanine and 0.1-0.5 mM methionine. The evaluation indexes of the rice development state include axillary bud growth rate, plant height and fresh weight at the seedling stage. The yield includes tillering number per plant, grain number per panicle and yield per plant. The evaluation indexes of rice quality include polished rice rate, whole polished rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalkiness and amylose content.

[0009] A method for improving the development state, yield and quality of rice, wherein rice is cultured in a rice culture solution during the whole growth period of the rice; the rice culture solution contains 0.1-0.25 mM phenylalanine and 0.1-0.5 mM methionine in terms of final concentration.

[0010] Furthermore, the rice culture solution also contains, in terms of final concentrations, N 2.5 mM, P 0.3 mM, K 1 mM, Ca 1 mM, Mg 1 mM, SiO2 0.5 mM, Mn 9 μM, Mo 0.39 μM, B 20 μM, Zn 0.77 μM, Cu 0.32 μM, and Fe 20 μM.

[0011] The present invention also provides a rice culture solution, which contains 0.1-0.5 mM phenylalanine and 0.1-1 mM methionine and is used for improving the development state, yield and quality of rice.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention is beneficial in that:

[0013] 1. The present invention provides a method for improving the development state, yield and quality of rice, and a corresponding rice culture solution. By adding a specific amount of phenylalanine and methionine to a normal rice culture solution, significant changes can be made in the growth and development process of rice, including promoting the increase of rice biomass and the elongation of tiller buds, and ultimately leading to a significant increase in the number of tillers per rice plant and the yield per rice plant; the quality of rice also changes, the polished rice rate and the whole polished rice rate are significantly increased, and the chalky grain rate, chalkiness and amylose content are significantly reduced.

[0014] 2. This not only deepens the understanding of physiological effects, but also provides a scientific basis for precision fertilization. Finding out the application effects of different types of amino acids and determining their optimal application amounts will provide a basis for effectively improving rice yield and quality. By combining modern biotechnology with agricultural practices, future research will further promote the application of amino acids in rice and provide new ideas for efficient rice production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is the phenotype of tillering buds of a single rice plant under different concentrations of phenylalanine (Phe) and methionine (Met) in Experimental Example 1.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a bar graph of the axillary bud length of rice seedlings under the conditions of different concentrations of phenylalanine and methionine in the rice culture solution of Experimental Example 1.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a growth phenotype diagram of a single rice seedling under different concentrations of phenylalanine and methionine in the rice culture solution of Experimental Example 1.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a bar graph of the plant height of a single rice seedling under the conditions of different concentrations of phenylalanine and methionine in the rice culture solution of Experimental Example 1.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a bar graph of fresh weight of single rice seedlings under different concentrations of phenylalanine and methionine in the rice culture solution of Experimental Example 1.

[0020] Figure 6 It is a bar graph of the number of tillers per plant under the conditions of different concentrations of phenylalanine and methionine in the rice culture solution of Experimental Example 2.

[0021] Figure 7 It is a bar graph of the number of grains per ear under different concentrations of phenylalanine and methionine in the rice culture solution of Experimental Example 2.

[0022] Figure 8 It is a bar graph of the yield per plant under different concentrations of phenylalanine and methionine in the rice culture solution of Experimental Example 2.

[0023] Fig. 9 It is a bar graph of the polished rice rate under the conditions of different concentrations of phenylalanine and methionine in the rice culture solution of Experimental Example 3.

[0024] Fig.10 It is a bar graph of the polished rice rate under the conditions of different concentrations of phenylalanine and methionine in the rice culture solution of Experimental Example 3.

[0025] Fig.11 This is a phenotypic diagram of the appearance quality of rice in Experimental Example 3 under different concentrations of phenylalanine and methionine in the rice culture solution.

[0026] Fig.12 It is a bar graph of the chalky grain rate under the conditions of different concentrations of phenylalanine and methionine in the rice culture solution of Experimental Example 3.

[0027] Fig.13 It is a bar graph of chalkiness under different concentrations of phenylalanine and methionine in the rice culture solution of Experimental Example 3.

[0028] Fig.14 It is a bar graph of the amylose content under different concentrations of phenylalanine and methionine in the rice culture solution of Experimental Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, the rice culture medium can be applied to all common rice varieties on the market, such as Zhonghua 11 (ZH11).

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, the rice culture solution is prepared according to the method of reference (Yoshida S, Fomo DA, Cock JH, Gomez KA. 1976. Routine procedure for growing rice plants in culture solution. In: Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. Los Banos, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute, 61-66.), and the basic formula of the rice culture solution is shown in Table 1 below.

[0032] Table 1 Basic formula of rice culture medium

[0033]

[0034] In terms of final concentration, the final prepared rice culture solution contains 0.1-0.5 mM phenylalanine and 0.1-1 mM methionine in addition to the basic formula in Table 1.

[0035] The rice culture solution provided by the invention contains no other amino acids, peptides or protein components except phenylalanine and methionine.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, rice is cultivated throughout its growth period according to conventional hydroponic methods.

[0037] Specifically, the method of cultivating rice is:

[0038] (1) Rice seed soaking: Select ZH11 rice seeds (all seeds are from the Laboratory of Plant Hormone and Nutrition Molecular Regulation of Guizhou University) and soak the rice seeds in 0.6% dilute nitric acid for 8 h.

[0039] (2) Germination of rice seeds: After soaking the seeds, rinse them 3-5 times and dispense them into culture dishes; add appropriate amount of purified water, place them in an incubator at 32°C, and change the water 2-3 times a day;

[0040] (3) Rice seedling culture: After germination, rice seeds were transferred to 96-well plates for growth. After growing to about 5 cm in clean water, normal rice culture medium (without phenylalanine and methionine) was added. The culture medium was changed once a week.

[0041] (4) Hydroponics: When the rice plants uniformly grow to the 3-leaf stage, add 15 L of rice culture medium into the culture box and transfer the rice to the culture box for culture. Each culture box has 18 rice plants (15 cm × 20 cm apart). The culture medium is changed once a week until the rice is mature and harvested.

[0042] The test methods for various indicators of rice yield and rice quality are as follows:

[0043] (1) When rice seedlings grew to the 5-leaf stage, plant height, fresh weight and tiller bud length were measured.

[0044] Plant height: Measure the height from the base of the rice plant to the top leaf.

[0045] Fresh weight: Dry the surface of the rice and place it on a scale to weigh.

[0046] Tiller bud length: Peel off the rice leaf sheath to expose the tiller buds, and measure the length of the first tiller bud and the second tiller bud.

[0047] (2) Number of tillers per plant, number of grains per ear and yield per plant.

[0048] Number of tillers per plant: Count the effective tillers of each rice plant during the rice maturity period.

[0049] Number of grains per ear: the number of filled grains per rice plant after the rice matures.

[0050] Yield per plant: The weight of rice seeds per plant is measured after the rice matures.

[0051] (3) Polished rice rate, whole polished rice rate, chalky kernel rate, chalkiness and amylose content: Polished rice rate, whole polished rice rate, chalky kernel rate and chalkiness were determined according to the method of NY / T 83-2017; amylose content was determined according to NY / Y2639.

[0052] Experimental Example 1: Effects of Rice Culture Medium Containing Different Concentrations of Phenylalanine and Methionine on Rice Development, Yield and Rice Quality

[0053] Prepare a rice culture solution containing phenylalanine and methionine. Divide the rice plants into 4 groups, namely a control group, a low-concentration group, a medium-concentration group, and a high-concentration group. The control group uses a common rice culture solution without phenylalanine and methionine and with the same content of other components; the low-concentration group uses a rice culture solution with a final concentration of 0.1 mM for phenylalanine and methionine; the medium-concentration group uses a rice culture solution with a final concentration of 0.25 mM for phenylalanine and 0.5 mM for methionine; and the high-concentration group uses a rice culture solution with a final concentration of 0.5 mM for phenylalanine and 1 mM for methionine.

[0054] The four groups of rice were evaluated and identified in terms of rice development status (axillary bud growth rate, plant height at the seedling stage and fresh weight at the seedling stage), yield (number of tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle and yield per plant) and rice quality (rice polishing rate, whole polished rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalkiness and amylose content).

[0055] 1. Evaluation and identification of rice development status

[0056] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, Figure 1 This is the phenotype of tillering buds of individual rice plants in four groups of rice. Figure 2 The figure is a bar graph of the length of axillary buds of rice seedlings in four groups. It can be seen from the figure that the length of the first tiller bud and the second tiller bud of rice seedlings treated with three different final concentrations of phenylalanine and methionine are significantly longer than those of the control group, especially the rice seedlings treated with medium concentration.

[0057] like Figure 3 and 4 As shown, Figure 3 This is a growth phenotype diagram of a single rice seedling. Figure 4 This is a bar graph of the plant height of a single rice seedling. It can be seen that the plant height of rice seedlings treated with three different final concentrations of phenylalanine and methionine is lower than that of the control group.

[0058] like Figure 5 As shown in the bar graph of fresh weight of individual rice seedlings, the fresh weight of rice seedlings under low and medium concentration treatments was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the fresh weight of rice seedlings under high concentration treatment was relatively decreased.

[0059] The above results indicate that the use of a rice culture medium containing 0.1-0.25 mM phenylalanine and 0.1-0.5 mM methionine is beneficial to the growth of rice seedlings.

[0060] 2. Evaluation and identification of rice yield

[0061] like Figure 6 As shown in the bar graph of the number of tillers per rice plant, it can be seen that there is no significant difference in the number of rice tillers under the low concentration treatment compared with the control group, the number of rice tillers under the low concentration treatment is significantly more than that of the control group, and the number of rice tillers per rice plant under the high concentration treatment is significantly decreased.

[0062] like Figure 7 As shown in the bar graph of the number of grains per rice ear, it can be seen that the number of grains per rice ear treated with low and medium concentrations was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the number of grains per rice ear treated with high concentration was significantly decreased.

[0063] like Figure 8 As shown in the bar graph of single rice yield, it can be seen that the single rice yield of rice seedlings under low and medium concentration treatments was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the rice yield under high concentration treatment was significantly decreased.

[0064] The above results indicate that the use of a rice culture medium containing 0.1-0.25 mM phenylalanine and 0.1-0.5 mM methionine is beneficial to increasing rice yield.

[0065] 3. Evaluation and identification of rice quality

[0066] like Fig. 9 As shown in the bar graph of the polished rice rate, it can be seen that the polished rice rate of the low-concentration treatment is higher than that of the control group, the polished rice rate of the medium-concentration treatment is slightly lower than that of the control group, and the polished rice rate of the high-concentration treatment is significantly lower than that of the control group.

[0067] like Fig.10 As shown in the bar graph of the whole polished rice rate, it can be seen that the whole polished rice rate of the low concentration treatment is significantly higher than that of the control group, the whole polished rice rate of the medium concentration treatment is slightly higher than that of the control group, and the whole polished rice rate of the high concentration treatment is significantly lower than that of the control group.

[0068] like Figure 11-13As shown in the photos of rice appearance and the bar graph of chalky grain rate and chalkiness, it can be seen that the chalky grain rate and chalkiness of rice treated with low and medium concentrations were significantly lower than those of the control group, while the chalky grain rate and chalkiness of rice treated with high concentrations were significantly higher than those of the control group.

[0069] like Fig.14 As shown in the bar graph of the content of amylose in rice, it can be seen that the amylose content of rice treated with low and medium concentrations was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the amylose content of rice treated with high concentration was significantly higher than that of the control group.

[0070] The above results indicate that using a rice culture medium containing 0.1-0.25 mM phenylalanine and 0.1-0.5 mM methionine to cultivate rice throughout its entire growth period is beneficial to increasing rice yield.

[0071] The above specific embodiments describe the implementation of the present invention in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the claims and technical concept of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention can be modified and changed in many simple ways, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An application of a rice culture solution in improving the development state, yield and quality of rice, characterized in that: The rice culture solution contains 0.1-0.5 mM phenylalanine and 0.1-1 mM methionine; the evaluation index of the rice development state includes axillary bud growth rate, plant height at the seedling stage and fresh weight at the seedling stage; the yield includes the number of tillers per plant, the number of grains per panicle and the yield per plant; the evaluation index of rice quality includes rice polishing rate, whole polished rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalkiness and amylose content.

2. The use of the rice culture solution according to claim 1 in improving the development state, yield and quality of rice, characterized in that: The rice culture solution contains 0.1-0.25 mM phenylalanine and 0.1-0.5 mM methionine.

3. A method for improving rice development, yield and rice quality, characterized in that: After the rice grows to the three-leaf stage, the rice culture solution is added for culture until maturity; in terms of final concentration, the rice culture solution contains 0.1-0.5 mM phenylalanine and 0.1-0.1 mM methionine.

4. The method for improving rice development, yield and rice quality according to claim 3, characterized in that: In terms of final concentration, the rice culture solution also contains N 2.5mM, P 0.3mM, K 1mM, Ca 1mM, Mg 1mM, SiO20.5mM, Mn 9μM, Mo 0.39μM, B 20μM, Zn 0.77μM, Cu 0.32μM, and Fe 20μM.

5. A rice culture solution, characterized in that: The rice culture solution contains 0.1-0.5 mM phenylalanine and 0.1-1 mM methionine, and is used for improving the rice development state, yield and rice quality.

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