High-speed rail karst geological section comprehensive parameter refined automatic exploration system and geological grading method

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive parameter refined automatic exploration system for a karst geological section of a high-speed rail. The comprehensive parameter refined automatic exploration system comprises walking wheels, an electrode with a drill bit, a detector with the drill bit, a magnetic excitation system with the drill bit, an electrode precession system, a detector precession system, a magnetic excitation precession system, a liquid injection system, a control system, a multi-parameter interpretation system, a power supply system and a wireless communication system. Based on a resistivity method and a wave velocity method, the method can be used for exploring any reachable stratum at any depth, mutual independence and mutual evidence are achieved, karst geology multiplicity is reduced, Rayleigh waves and electric signals can emit the most appropriate signal type and intensity at the set depth according to geological conditions, refined and automatic exploration of karst geology can be achieved, and the method is suitable for popularization and application. And the exploration efficiency is improved. The geological grading method of the karst area is also corrected, the development and particularity of the karst can be fully considered by the correction method, and a method is provided for automation of geological exploration of the high-speed rail in the karst area and avoiding of manual errors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of karst geology, and specifically is a comprehensive parameter refined automatic exploration system for high-speed railway karst geological sections and a geological classification method. Background Art

[0002] Karst geological areas are widely present. There are many high-speed railways in karst areas around the world. China alone accounts for nearly 4,000 kilometers, and there are more than 3,000 kilometers of high-speed railways planned to be built. This shows that karst geology has a wide impact on high-speed railway construction. Karst disasters are difficult to prevent and control. Karst has the characteristics of multiple and random occurrences. Karst disasters such as collapse, water gushing and mudslides are difficult to predict and prevent, which brings huge challenges to high-speed railway construction. The detailed geological survey of karst areas is related to the reasonable selection of high-speed railway subgrades and the reasonable investment in soluble rock support. Once the support method is improper, it will affect the progress of the project at the least, and cause huge casualties at the worst.

[0003] Rayleigh surface wave method is a new geophysical exploration technology developed in recent years. Generally, it uses artificial striking to generate instantaneous impact force, thereby exciting Rayleigh waves of different frequencies. In traditional Rayleigh wave detection, a 40-pound (or other weight) hammer or other types of heavy hammers (such as drop weights, explosives, etc., but hammers are often used in shallow exploration due to their portability and safety) are used to hit the ground to generate an instantaneous impact force. This impact force will stimulate a series of waves of different frequencies, including Rayleigh waves. Since geological phenomena such as karst are often accompanied by complex lithological changes and differences in medium properties, the surface wave velocity in these areas may be low, forming a low-speed body. However, the judgment of the depth and size of the cave by this method is easily affected by the development of low-speed zones in soluble rocks, resulting in errors and misjudgments. In addition, if the karst is filled with materials with a small difference in wave velocity from the soluble rock, or when exploring in water-rich areas, this method may not be able to accurately judge these types of caves. When using the traditional detection method, the detector is inserted into the surface of the object to be detected at a certain interval. Therefore, the exploration depth cannot be too deep, and it has poor adaptability to harder formations.

[0004] When using the traditional resistivity method for field measurements, all electrodes (usually dozens to hundreds) need to be manually placed at each measuring point of the observation profile. This increases the complexity and time-consuming nature of field work to a certain extent. At the same time, the contact quality of the electrodes will also affect the accuracy of the measurement results. These electrodes are inserted into the stratum or a specific medium for resistivity measurement. Traditionally, electrodes are based on manual pressure, and the placement depth is extremely limited, making them difficult to use in karst areas. In karst areas, due to the complex geological conditions, sudden changes in local geological bodies (such as rock fracture zones, faults, etc.) may have a significant impact on the detection results of the high-density resistivity method, which may lead to abnormal areas in the detection results.

[0005] Traditional Rayleigh wave and resistivity detection methods require the cooperation of multiple people, are labor-intensive, take a lot of time to set up, and cannot be automatically detected. They are very dangerous for karst geological conditions, especially for soluble rock areas. More importantly, karst areas have large variability, detection data has multiple solutions, and shallow-layer detection has large errors.

[0006] The traditional classification method of rock regional geology is mainly based on indicators such as rock integrity and rock strength, which divides the infinite rock sequence into a finite number of categories with different degrees of stability. This method is an important basic work in the construction of tunnel engineering, mine engineering, underground plant, rock mine and other projects. It is of great significance for selecting construction methods, conducting scientific management, evaluating economic benefits, determining structural loads, formulating lining structure types and sizes, labor quotas, and material consumption standards. Existing classification methods include classification methods based on rock strength, classification methods based on rock physical properties (such as rock strength coefficient classification method, Taishaki classification method, etc.), and classification methods based on elastic wave velocity. However, at this stage, there is no classification method developed for the particularity of karst geology. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a high-speed railway karst geological section comprehensive parameter refined automatic exploration system and a karst geological classification method. The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A high-speed railway karst geological section comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system, with drill bit electrode, drill bit detector, drill bit magneto-excitation system, electrode precession system, detector precession system, walking wheel, power supply system, communication system;

[0009] The magnetic excitation system with drill bit is used to rotate into a specific depth formation to generate specific Rayleigh waves;

[0010] The injection system is mainly used to ensure the conductive contact between the electrode and the formation;

[0011] The control system is mainly used to control the precession of the electrode, the positioning of the travel wheel, and the controllable excitation of the magnetic excitation system.

[0012] The multi-parameter interpretation system mainly realizes refined geological exploration through the joint automatic interpretation of resistivity method and wave velocity method.

[0013] The power supply system is mainly used to provide an electrical signal of controllable size for the resistivity method, and to provide power for the screw-in system and the drilling of the drill bit, and to provide driving force for the travel wheels in areas lacking power supply.

[0014] The communication system is mainly used for the remote transmission of exploration signals and for controlling the positioning of electrodes and detectors.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention: the control unit is adapted to control the potentials of the plurality of electrodes to excite controllable Rayleigh waves, so that at a specific moment two adjacent electrodes among the plurality of electrodes are excited to provide potentials with opposite polarities, or a plurality of Rayleigh waves mutually influence each other;

[0016] The control circuit is adapted to control the potentials of the plurality of electrodes so that when two adjacent electrodes among the plurality of electrodes are excited, the remaining electrodes may have a floating potential.

[0017] The karst geological classification method based on the comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system of high-speed railway karst geological section includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Based on the preliminary exploration drilling information of the high-speed railway karst geological section project, after the preliminary leveling of the site is completed, the drilling holes that need to be fine-tuned for exploration will be marked as exploration holes;

[0019] S2. With the exploration hole as the center, the walking wheel is positioned, and the exploration area is planned through the comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system of the high-speed railway karst geological section. The magnetic excitation system and detector are arranged through automatic drilling in the shallow layer, and the electrodes are arranged through drilling in the deep layer, and the wave velocity difference and resistivity tomography images are used for comprehensive interpretation;

[0020] S3. Through the control system, the drill electrode and the drill detector are screwed in, and the high-density resistivity profile and the high-density Rayleigh wave detection profile are arranged. With the help of the high-density resistivity test, the apparent resistivity distribution of the underground medium in each profile within 50 meters underground is obtained to form a geophysical profile resistivity image. Based on the high-density Rayleigh wave monitoring profile, a geophysical profile reflection wave image is formed;

[0021] S4. Since the karst caves and dissolution fissures show obvious electrical differences and reflection wave velocity differences with the surrounding karst rock mass on the geophysical exploration section, the geophysical exploration section of S3 is interpreted based on the electrical differences and wave velocity differences, using the borehole information obtained by S1, the wave velocity differences obtained by S2, and the resistivity tomography images, to obtain the basic information on the karst development range in the horizontal and vertical directions, the burial depth of the cave roof, and the burial depth of the cave floor on the geophysical exploration section, which is used for the calculation of the karst rate of the geophysical exploration line, the karst rate of the geophysical exploration surface, and the karst rate of the geophysical exploration body;

[0022] S5. On the basis of S4, the development degree of karst in the site is determined according to the karst rate of the geophysical line, the karst rate of the geophysical surface and the karst rate of the geophysical body. The development degree of karst in the site is divided into strong development, medium development and micro development. When any one of the karst rate of the geophysical line, the karst rate of the geophysical surface and the karst rate of the geophysical body meets the judgment standard of the corresponding development degree, the karst in the site can be judged to be of the corresponding development degree. The judgment standard for strong development is: the karst rate of the geophysical line>20%, the karst rate of the geophysical surface>4% or the karst rate of the geophysical body>0.8%; the judgment standard for medium development is: the karst rate of the geophysical line is 5%~20%, the karst rate of the geophysical surface is 0.25%~4% or the karst rate of the geophysical body is 0.0125%~0.8%; the judgment standard for micro development is: the karst rate of the geophysical line is <5%, the karst rate of the geophysical surface is <0.25% or the karst rate of the geophysical body is <0.0125%.

[0023] As a further solution of the present invention: a karst geological classification method based on a high-speed railway karst geological section comprehensive parameter refined automatic exploration system, in said S2, the comprehensive geological information includes surface karst development strata and occurrence, groundwater level, the inferred main direction of karst development and the general apparent resistivity variation range and wave velocity variation range of each rock and soil body in the site area.

[0024] As a further solution of the present invention: a karst geological classification method based on a high-speed railway karst geological section comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system, in said S3, the arrangement mode of the high-density resistivity method and the high-density detection method profile is: firstly, a plurality of survey lines are arranged along the main direction of karst development, and in the main direction of karst development, the survey line spacing is based on the actual engineering area size, and the survey lines are equidistantly arranged according to the accuracy requirements and the economy of the project; secondly, perpendicular to the main direction of karst development, the survey lines are arranged in a denser manner according to the resistivity and reflection wave abnormal areas in the main direction of karst development after the interpretation of the geophysical profile; it can also be arranged in the same way as the survey line arrangement in the main direction of karst development, and an equidistant one-time arrangement is adopted.

[0025] As a further solution of the present invention: a karst geological classification method based on a high-speed railway karst geological section comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system is characterized in that the method for determining the geophysical line karst rate, geophysical surface karst rate, and geophysical body karst rate in S5 is as follows: wherein the geophysical line karst rate is obtained by measuring the ratio of the sum of the lengths of the karst anomaly sections in the vertical direction of the geophysical profile to the total geophysical length in the vertical direction; the geophysical surface karst rate is obtained by calculating the ratio of the sum of the areas of the karst anomaly sections in the geophysical profile to the total area of ​​the geophysical profile; the geophysical body karst rate is obtained by calculating the ratio of the sum of the volumes of the karst anomaly sections in the geophysical profile to the volume of soluble rocks in the geophysical profile;

[0026] The method for determining the volume of the karst abnormal section of the above-mentioned geophysical profile is as follows: by interpreting multiple geophysical profiles, the area of ​​the karst low-resistance abnormal section in each geophysical profile is calculated respectively, and the elevation of the karst boundary feature point is obtained, and then the karst boundary feature points of multiple geophysical profiles are combined to form a body, and the karst volume of the continuous low-resistance abnormal section is calculated by spatial interpolation;

[0027] The method for determining the volume of soluble rock in the above-mentioned geophysical profile is as follows: the volume of soluble rock between the two geophysical profiles can be obtained by multiplying the average area between the two geophysical profiles by the distance between the geophysical profiles. The volume of soluble rock between other profiles can be obtained by the same method. By accumulating, the volume of soluble rock in the geophysical profile can be obtained.

[0028] As a further solution of the present invention: a karst geological classification method based on a high-speed railway karst geological section comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system further includes the following steps:

[0029] A. The total score T is the sum of six factors: rock strength, rock mass integrity, structural surface state, groundwater, main structural surface occurrence and karst development degree. K is the basic criterion, and the karst rock strength stress ratio S is the limiting criterion to classify the karst rock types in the karst area; where: T K =A+B+C+D+E+F; S=R b / σ m .

[0030] Where A is the score of rock strength, B is the score of rock integrity, C is the score of structural surface state, D is the score of groundwater, E is the score of main structural surface occurrence, F is the score of karst development degree, F = αK, K is the karst development grade; α is the scoring coefficient, which is determined according to the grade of rock mass; R b is the saturated uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass (MPa), K v is the rock mass integrity coefficient, σ m is the maximum principal stress of karst rock;

[0031] B. When T K >85, S>4, the karst rock category is determined to be Class I; when 85≥T K When >65 and S>4, the karst rock type is determined to be Class II;

[0032] C. When 65 ≥ T K >45, S>2, the karst rock type is determined to be IIII; when 45≥T K >25, S>2, the karst rock type is determined to be IV; when T K When ≤25, the karst rock type is determined to be V.

[0033] As a further solution of the present invention: a karst geological classification method based on a high-speed railway karst geological section comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system, the determination process of A includes: based on a rock saturated uniaxial compressive strength test, obtaining the R b , according to R b >60、60≥R b >30、30≥R b >15, R b ≤15, assign a rock strength score to determine the A.

[0034] As a further solution of the present invention: a karst geological classification method based on a high-speed railway karst geological section comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system, the determination process of B includes: obtaining the rock mass longitudinal wave velocity and the rock longitudinal wave velocity through a rock mass wave velocity test, and obtaining the rock mass integrity coefficient K by the square of the ratio of the rock mass longitudinal wave velocity to the rock longitudinal wave velocity. v , according to the rock mass integrity coefficient K v Determine the B.

[0035] Implementing the technical solution of the present invention will have the following beneficial effects:

[0036] The present invention realizes refined exploration by combining the wave velocity method with the resistivity method for joint automated interpretation. The present invention uses a magnetic excitation system with a drill bit to generate specific Rayleigh waves in the formation at a specific depth, which has higher accuracy than the traditional method and can penetrate into a specific depth in the karst geological area. The drill bit electrode can realize flexible arrangement of the electrode system. Based on the control system to control the precession of the electrode, the positioning of the walking wheel, and the controllable excitation of the magnetic excitation system, automated exploration can be realized without the need for a large number of personnel. Therefore, the development of this system makes geological exploration in deeper karst areas easier and greatly improves the accuracy of traditional methods.

[0037] The present invention utilizes the wave velocity difference and the resistance difference to improve the traditional Rayleigh wave and current excitation method, and can drill into any stratum, accurately identify the location and scale of caves and dissolution fissures, and improve the measurement accuracy of karst development range and parameters.

[0038] The present invention converts complex geological phenomena into quantifiable indicators through standardized geophysical lines, geophysical surfaces and geophysical body karst rates, which facilitates objective evaluation of the karst development degree of the site and facilitates engineering design and risk assessment.

[0039] The above summary is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments and features described above, further aspects, embodiments and features of the present invention will be readily apparent by reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description.

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or technical descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] The following is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0042] Figure 1 It is a design diagram of each component of the system of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is the structural design diagram of the magnetic excitation system with drill bit;

[0044] Figure 3 This is the structural design diagram of the drill bit detector (electrode);

[0045] Figure 4 The present invention is a flowchart of the method;

[0046] Figure 5 The figure is a flow chart of geological classification of the method of the present invention.

[0047] Among them, 1. controller; 2. walking wheel; 3. drill electrode; 4. drill detector; 5. precession motor; 6. cable and signal transmission bus; 7. rigid connecting rod; 8. power module; 9. conductive solution; 10. drill detector; 11. water tank; 12. magneto-vibration device; 13. magneto-vibrator front end drill; 14. exciting device fixing frame; 15. magneto-deformation component; 16. deformation air gap; 17. pickup coil; 18. permanent magnet; 19. Rigid support; 20. Rigid support connected to the traveling frame; 21. Control drill pipe motor; 22. Pad; 23. Deformable chain; 24. Drill pipe; 25. Vibrator outer frame; 26. Drill bit; 27. Electrode plate or detector; 28. Spiral sheet; 29. ​​Transmission cable placed on the drill pipe with holes; 30. Traveling frame; 31. Main cable; 32. Fixed drill pipe bracket; 33. Fixed screw; 34. Drill pipe rotating rod; 35. Conductive solution main pipe; 36. Conductive solution branch pipe.

[0048] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In the following, only some exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the described embodiments may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings and descriptions are considered to be exemplary and non-restrictive in nature.

[0050] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms such as "installation", "connection", "fixation" and the like should be understood in a broad sense; for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral molding; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, welding, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the drawings in the specification and in combination with specific circumstances.

[0051] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.

[0052] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the karst geological classification method of the present invention is based on the comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system of the high-speed railway karst geological section;

[0053] See also Figure 1 The present invention comprises a controller (equipped with a wireless module) 1, a running wheel 2, an electrode with a drill bit 3, a conductive solution main pipe 9, a magneto-oscillator device 12, a magneto-oscillator front end drill bit 13, and a traveling frame 30; the controller (equipped with a wireless module) (1) mainly realizes the trajectory control of the running wheel, the controllable excitation of the Rayleigh wave of the magneto-oscillator, the joint interpretation of the electrode signal and the detector signal, and the remote transmission; the running wheel 2 is fixed to the traveling frame; the electrode with a drill bit (3) has a detailed structure as shown in the figure Figure 3As shown, it includes a diamond drill bit 26, an electrode plate or a detector 27, a spiral piece 28, a transmission cable 29 placed on a drill rod with a hole, a fixed drill rod bracket 32, a fixed screw 33, and a drill rod rotating connecting rod 34; the electrode plate or the detector 32 is fixed above the diamond drill bit 26, and is connected to the drill rod with a hole in an embedded manner; the spiral piece 28 is connected to the drill rod, and a cable 29 is arranged with a hole in the middle of the drill rod, which is connected to the main cable 31, and the signal is transmitted to the main cable 31 in real time; the drill rod with a hole also needs to be arranged with a conductive solution branch pipe 36, which is connected to the conductive liquid tank 11 through a conductive solution main pipe; the conductive solution main pipe 9 is connected to the water tank; the fixed drill rod bracket 35 is fixed to the vibrator outer frame 36;

[0054] Further, Figure 2 The magneto-vibration device 12 controls the behavior of the ferromagnetic material permanent magnet 18 in the magnetic field. Specifically, the permanent magnet 18 will generate internal tension or internal pressure in the direction of magnetization, causing the magneto-deformation component 15 to deform; the deformation air gap 16 enables the vibration to be intermittent. When the current in the winding is an alternating current, the shape and size of the permanent magnet will also change slightly. This change will cause the vibration of the material surface. The source can accurately control the waveform and interval of the Rayleigh wave; the vibration signal is transmitted to a specific depth by controlling the drill rod motor 21; the rigid support 19 fixes the vibration device to the vibrator outer frame 25; the vibration outer frame 25 is connected to the rigid support 20 connected to the traveling frame; the deformable chain 23 is lifted to realize the storage of the non-working state of the magneto-vibrator with the drill bit. Thus, the next pilot test is realized.

[0055] When the device is used in the karst geological classification method of the comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system of the high-speed railway karst geological section, unmanned operation can be realized through the control module, and the operation of several electrodes and detectors can be controlled by the carriage, so as to realize the reception of variable electrical signals and wave signals. After reaching the specified position, the drill rod motor 21 is controlled to start working. After the drill bit drills to the specified depth, the possibility of the electrode and the formation being empty is eliminated through the liquid guide tube 36, and the resistance distribution between the formations is measured. The magnetic vibrator is started, and the target Rayleigh wave waveform is set to test the waveform transmission characteristics between the formations. After the test is completed, the resistivity image of the geophysical profile and the reflection wave image of the geophysical profile are mutually verified. For doubtful places, the Rayleigh wave waveform or the electrode height and the detector height are changed for correction and verification. The signal is transmitted through a wireless transmission model. Finally, the distribution of caves and dissolution cracks in the karst geological area is obtained.

[0056] In a possible implementation, a karst geological classification method based on a high-speed railway karst geological section comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system includes the following steps:

[0057] S1. Based on the preliminary exploration drilling information of the high-speed railway karst geological section project, after the preliminary leveling of the site is completed, the drilling holes that need to be fine-tuned for exploration will be marked as exploration holes;

[0058] S2. With the exploration hole as the center, the walking wheel is positioned, and the exploration area is planned through the comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system of the high-speed railway karst geological section. The magnetic excitation system and detector are arranged through automatic drilling in the shallow layer, and the electrodes are arranged through drilling in the deep layer, and the wave velocity difference and resistivity tomography images are used for comprehensive interpretation;

[0059] S3. Through the control system, the drill electrode and the drill detector are screwed in, and the high-density resistivity profile and Rayleigh wave detection profile are arranged. With the help of the high-density resistivity test, the apparent resistivity distribution of the underground medium in each profile within 50 meters underground is obtained to form a geophysical profile resistivity image. Based on the high-density Rayleigh wave monitoring profile, a geophysical profile reflection wave image is formed;

[0060] S4. Since the karst caves and dissolution fissures show obvious electrical differences and reflection wave velocity differences with the surrounding karst rock mass on the geophysical exploration section, the geophysical exploration section of S3 is interpreted based on the electrical differences and wave velocity differences, using the borehole information obtained by S1, the wave velocity differences obtained by S2, and the resistivity tomography images, to obtain the basic information on the karst development range in the horizontal and vertical directions, the burial depth of the cave roof, and the burial depth of the cave floor on the geophysical exploration section, which is used for the calculation of the karst rate of the geophysical exploration line, the karst rate of the geophysical exploration surface, and the karst rate of the geophysical exploration body;

[0061] S5. On the basis of S4, the development degree of karst in the site is determined according to the karst rate of the geophysical line, the karst rate of the geophysical surface and the karst rate of the geophysical body. The development degree of karst in the site is divided into strong development, medium development and micro development. When any one of the karst rate of the geophysical line, the karst rate of the geophysical surface and the karst rate of the geophysical body meets the judgment standard of the corresponding development degree, the karst in the site can be judged to be of the corresponding development degree. The judgment standard for strong development is: the karst rate of the geophysical line>20%, the karst rate of the geophysical surface>4% or the karst rate of the geophysical body>0.8%; the judgment standard for medium development is: the karst rate of the geophysical line is 5%~20%, the karst rate of the geophysical surface is 0.25%~4% or the karst rate of the geophysical body is 0.0125%~0.8%; the judgment standard for micro development is: the karst rate of the geophysical line is <5%, the karst rate of the geophysical surface is <0.25% or the karst rate of the geophysical body is <0.0125%.

[0062] In the specific application of this embodiment, first, the boreholes that need to be finely explored are screened out from the engineering exploration records, and as the starting point of the research, these are marked as exploration holes.

[0063] Combined with the karst information revealed by the drilling, high-density resistivity survey lines and wave velocity profiles are arranged according to the direction and dip of the rock strata to detect the resistivity distribution and wave velocity distribution of the medium within a depth of 50 meters underground, forming a geophysical profile resistivity image and a curve of surface wave velocity changing with depth.

[0064] By analyzing the electrical differences and wave velocity differences of the geophysical profiles, combined with the apparent resistivity data of normal rock and soil bodies, the location and scale of caves and dissolution fissures, as well as the vertical and horizontal development of karst can be interpreted. This step is crucial for calculating the karst rate of the geophysical line, the karst rate of the geophysical surface, and the karst rate of the geophysical body of the site, which reflect the degree of karst development.

[0065] Finally, the karst development level of the site is divided into strong development, medium development and slight development according to the calculated karst development index. If any index reaches the preset standard, such as the karst rate of the geophysical line exceeds 20%, the karst development level of the site can be determined.

[0066] In a possible implementation, in S2, the comprehensive geological information includes the surface karst development strata and occurrence, groundwater level, the inferred main direction of karst development, and the general apparent resistivity variation range and wave velocity distribution of each rock and soil body in the site area.

[0067] In a possible implementation, in S3, the arrangement of the high-density resistivity profile and the Rayleigh wave velocity variation profile is as follows: first, a number of survey lines are arranged along the main direction of karst development. In the main direction of karst development, the survey line spacing is based on the actual project area size, and the survey lines are equidistantly arranged according to the accuracy requirements and the economy of the project.

[0068] Perpendicular to the main direction of karst development, the survey lines are arranged in a denser manner according to the resistivity anomaly and reflection wave anomaly areas in the main direction of karst development after interpretation of the geophysical profile; they can also be arranged once at equal intervals in the same way as the survey lines in the main direction of karst development.

[0069] The choice between one-time arrangement and multiple arrangements depends on the project requirements and the results of previous studies. A one-time evenly spaced arrangement may be chosen, or it may be carried out in stages according to the complexity of karst development to ensure the continuity and integrity of the data. If the geological conditions change significantly, the wave velocity method and resistivity method drill bit height are changed, and repeated tests are carried out to adapt to new discoveries.

[0070] In a possible implementation, the method for determining the karst rate of the geophysical line, the karst rate of the geophysical surface, and the karst rate of the geophysical body in S5 is as follows: the karst rate of the geophysical line is obtained by measuring the ratio of the sum of the lengths of the karst anomaly sections in the vertical direction of the geophysical profile to the total length of the geophysical exploration in the vertical direction; the karst rate of the geophysical surface is obtained by calculating the ratio of the sum of the areas of the karst anomaly sections in the geophysical profile to the total area of ​​the geophysical profile; the karst rate of the geophysical body is obtained by calculating the ratio of the sum of the volumes of the karst anomaly sections in the geophysical profile to the volume of soluble rocks in the geophysical profile;

[0071] The method for determining the volume of the karst abnormal section of the above-mentioned geophysical profile is as follows: by interpreting multiple geophysical profiles, the area of ​​the karst low-resistance abnormal section in each geophysical profile is calculated respectively, and the elevation of the karst boundary feature point is obtained, and then the karst boundary feature points of multiple geophysical profiles are combined to form a body, and the karst volume of the continuous low-resistance abnormal section is calculated by spatial interpolation;

[0072] The method for determining the volume of soluble rock in the above-mentioned geophysical profile is as follows: the volume of soluble rock between the two geophysical profiles can be obtained by multiplying the average area between the two geophysical profiles by the distance between the geophysical profiles. The volume of soluble rock between other profiles can be obtained by the same method. By accumulating, the volume of soluble rock in the geophysical profile can be obtained.

[0073] In the specific application of this embodiment, the ratio of the length of the karst abnormal section (i.e., karst pores or low-resistance areas) in the vertical direction of the geophysical section to the vertical length of the entire geophysical section is used for measurement. By calculating the ratio of the area of ​​the karst abnormal area on the geophysical section to the area of ​​the entire section, this indicator reflects the breadth of the karst on the horizontal plane. This helps to identify the regional scope of karst activity and provide guidance for the design of surface or underground structures.

[0074] The karst rate of the geophysical body is based on the ratio of the three-dimensional volume of the karst anomaly area in the geophysical profile to the volume of the entire soluble rock. To determine the volume of the karst anomaly section, first interpret the resistance anomaly area and wave velocity anomaly from multiple geophysical profiles, obtain the elevation information of the boundary feature points of the anomaly area, and then generate a three-dimensional model through spatial interpolation technology to estimate the volume of each section. Then, by accumulating the volume of soluble rock between all profiles, the total volume of soluble rock in the entire geophysical body is obtained.

[0075] In a possible implementation, the karst geological classification method based on the high-speed railway karst geological section comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system further includes the following steps:

[0076] A. The total score T is the sum of six factors: rock strength, rock mass integrity, structural surface state, groundwater, main structural surface occurrence and karst development degree. K is the basic criterion, and the karst rock strength stress ratio S is the limiting criterion to classify the karst rock types in the karst area; where: TK =A+B+C+D+E+F, S=R b / σ m S=R b / σ m ; In the formula, A is the score of rock strength, B is the score of rock integrity, C is the score of structural surface state, D is the score of groundwater, E is the score of main structural surface occurrence, F is the score of karst development degree, F = αK, K is the karst development grade; α is the scoring coefficient, which is determined according to the grade of rock mass; R b is the saturated uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass (MPa), K v is the rock mass integrity coefficient, σ m is the maximum principal stress of karst rock;

[0077] B. When T K >85, S>4, the karst rock category is determined to be Class I; when 85≥T K When >65 and S>4, the karst rock type is determined to be Class II;

[0078] C. When 65 ≥ T K >45, S>2, the karst rock type is determined to be IIII; when 45≥T K >25, S>2, the karst rock type is determined to be IV; when T K When ≤25, the karst rock type is determined to be V.

[0079] In the specific application of this embodiment, the overall stability of soluble rock is scored according to rock strength (A), integrity (B), structural surface state (C), groundwater influence (D), main structural surface occurrence (E) and karst development degree (F). The score F of the karst development degree is determined by the karst grade K of the rock multiplied by the coefficient α, which is adjusted according to the specific conditions of the rock mass (such as rock mass grade) to reflect the impact of karst development on the stability of soluble rock.

[0080] Add up the above scores to form a total score T K =A+B+C+D+E+F. K The score is used as the basic criterion to judge the stability level of soluble rock. At the same time, the soluble rock strength stress ratio S is also considered as a limiting condition to further refine the classification. K The scores of soluble rocks are divided into five levels: Class I soluble rock (T K >85 and S>4), representing extremely high stability; Type II soluble rock (85≥T K >65 and S>4), the stability is relatively high; Class III soluble rock (65≥T K >45 and S>2), slightly unstable; Class IV soluble rock (45≥T K>25 and S>2), poor stability; Class V soluble rock (T K ≤25), indicating that the soluble rocks are at risk of severe karst development and instability.

[0081] In a possible implementation, the karst geological classification method based on the comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system of high-speed railway karst geological section, the determination process of A includes: based on the rock saturated uniaxial compressive strength test, R is obtained. b , according to R b >60、60≥R b >30、30≥R b >15, R b ≤15, assign a rock strength score to determine A;

[0082] The determination process of B includes: obtaining the rock mass longitudinal wave velocity and rock longitudinal wave velocity through rock mass wave velocity test, and obtaining the rock mass integrity coefficient K by the square of the ratio of rock mass longitudinal wave velocity to rock longitudinal wave velocity v , according to the rock mass integrity coefficient K v Determine B.

[0083] In the specific application of this embodiment, the rock strength score (A) is determined as follows:

[0084] First, the saturated uniaxial compressive strength of rock R is measured through the saturated uniaxial compressive strength test of rock. b This is a standard rock mechanical property index that reflects the ability of rock to resist compression.

[0085] Then, according to R b The value of is divided into four intervals: R b >60,60≥R b >30,30≥R b >15,R b ≤15. Each interval corresponds to a different strength score, which is used to measure the resistance of the rock under stress, that is, the value of A will be based on R b Assign the size of .

[0086] This scoring method takes into account the continuity of rock strength and can be used to evaluate the impact of different strength levels on karst development and evolution.

[0087] Determination of rock mass integrity score (B):

[0088] Through the rock mass wave velocity test, the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock mass (usually refers to the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the rock) and the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock itself are obtained.

[0089] Calculate the rock mass integrity factor K vIt is generally obtained by the square of the ratio of the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock mass to the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock. This is because in rock masses with poor integrity, the wave velocity decays faster, resulting in a smaller ratio.

[0090] Finally, according to K v The value of K determines the score of B, which reflects the influence of rock mass integrity on karst development. v The lower it is, the more broken the rock mass is and the more prone to karstification.

[0091] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0092] The present invention and its embodiments are described above, and such description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in the field are inspired by it, without departing from the purpose of the invention, they can design a structure and embodiment similar to the technical solution without creativity, which should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed railway karst geological section comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system, characterized in that: With drill bit electrode, drill bit detector, drill bit magneto-excitation system, electrode precession system, detector precession system, controller (with wireless module) is used to control the positioning of electrode and detector and transmit signals, etc. The magnetic excitation system with drill bit is used to generate specific Rayleigh waves in a specific depth formation; The injection system is used to ensure the conductive contact between the electrode and the molten rock, so as to avoid the electrode connected to the drill bit and the soluble rock being unable to contact each other due to the gap; The control system is used to control the precession of the electrode, the positioning of the travel wheel, and the controllable excitation of the magnetic excitation system; The multi-parameter interpretation system realizes refined geological exploration through the joint automatic interpretation of resistivity method and wave velocity method; The power supply system is used to provide a controllable electric signal for the resistivity method, and to provide power for the precession system and the drilling of the drill bit, and to provide driving force for the travel wheel in areas lacking power supply; The communication system is used for remote transmission of exploration signals.

2. The high-speed railway karst geological section comprehensive parameter refined automatic exploration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electrodes, detectors, and magneto-excitation system all fix the drill bit at the tip position, so that after positioning, it can be screwed into the designed depth under the control of the control system. The magneto-exciter can be set on the surface and in the stratum, and Rayleigh waves of different frequency components can be excited by changing the excitation frequency. The magneto-exciter is a steady-state signal exciter that can excite Rayleigh waves of different frequencies; the magneto-exciter can generate a non-explosive source with controllable amplitude and frequency, and the detection depth can be adjusted by changing the frequency of the source. The drill bit provides protection for the electrodes, detectors, and magneto-excitation system.

3. The high-speed railway karst geological section comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It includes a control system, which mainly realizes the automation of electrode position arrangement, detector arrangement and magneto-vibrator arrangement, and realizes automatic interpretation through signal collection and transmission, as well as controls the advance of the running wheels, thereby realizing the automation of detailed exploration of high-speed rail karst geological areas.

4. A geological classification method based on a comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system for high-speed railway karst geological sections, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Based on the preliminary exploration drilling information of the high-speed railway karst geological section project, after the preliminary leveling of the site is completed, the drilling holes that need to be refined for karst exploration will be marked as exploration holes; S2. With the exploration hole as the center, the walking wheel is positioned, and the exploration area is planned through the comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system of the high-speed railway karst geological section. The magnetic excitation system and detector are arranged through automatic drilling in the shallow layer, and the electrodes are arranged through drilling in the deep layer, and the wave velocity difference and resistivity tomography images are used for comprehensive interpretation; S3. Through the control system, the drill electrode and the drill detector are screwed in, and the high-density resistivity profile and the high-density Rayleigh wave detection profile are arranged. With the help of the high-density resistivity test, the apparent resistivity distribution of the underground medium in each profile within 50 meters underground is obtained, and finally a geophysical profile resistivity image is formed. Based on the high-density Rayleigh wave monitoring profile, a geophysical profile reflection wave image is formed; S4. Since the karst caves and dissolution fissures show obvious electrical differences and reflection wave velocity differences with the surrounding soluble rock mass on the geophysical profile, the geophysical profile of S3 is interpreted based on the electrical differences and wave velocity differences, using the borehole information obtained by S1 and the resistivity and wave velocity changes obtained by S2, to obtain the basic information of karst development range in the horizontal and vertical directions, karst cave roof burial depth, and karst cave floor burial depth on the geophysical profile, which is used for the calculation of the karst rate of the geophysical line, the karst rate of the geophysical surface, and the karst rate of the geophysical body; S5. On the basis of S4, the development degree of karst in the site is determined according to the karst rate of the geophysical line, the karst rate of the geophysical surface and the karst rate of the geophysical body. The development degree of karst in the site is divided into strong development, medium development and micro development. When any one of the karst rate of the geophysical line, the karst rate of the geophysical surface and the karst rate of the geophysical body meets the judgment standard of the corresponding development degree, the karst in the site can be judged to be of the corresponding development degree. The judgment standard for strong development is: the karst rate of the geophysical line>20%, the karst rate of the geophysical surface>4% or the karst rate of the geophysical body>0.8%; the judgment standard for medium development is: the karst rate of the geophysical line is 5%~20%, the karst rate of the geophysical surface is 0.25%~4% or the karst rate of the geophysical body is 0.0125%~0.8%; the judgment standard for micro development is: the karst rate of the geophysical line is <5%, the karst rate of the geophysical surface is <0.25% or the karst rate of the geophysical body is <0.0125%.

5. The geological classification method based on the comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system of high-speed railway karst geological section according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In S2, the comprehensive geological information includes the surface karst development strata and occurrence, groundwater level, main direction of karst development and general apparent resistivity variation range and wave velocity variation range of each rock and soil body in the site area.

6. The geological classification method based on the comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system of high-speed railway karst geological section according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In S3, the arrangement of the high-density resistivity method and wave velocity method profiles is as follows: first, a number of survey lines are arranged along the main direction of karst development. In the main direction of karst development, the survey line spacing is based on the actual engineering area size, and the survey lines are equidistantly arranged according to the accuracy requirements and the economy of the project; secondly, perpendicular to the main direction of karst development, the survey lines are arranged in a denser manner based on the resistivity and reflection wave abnormal areas in the main direction of karst development after the interpretation of the geophysical profile; it can also be arranged in the same way as the survey line arrangement in the main direction of karst development, with equal spacing and one-time arrangement.

7. The geological classification method based on the comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system of high-speed railway karst geological section according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The method for determining the karst rate of the geophysical line, the karst rate of the geophysical surface, and the karst rate of the geophysical body in S5 is as follows: the karst rate of the geophysical line is obtained by measuring the ratio of the sum of the lengths of the karst anomaly sections in the vertical direction of the geophysical profile to the total length of the geophysical exploration in the vertical direction; the karst rate of the geophysical surface is obtained by calculating the ratio of the sum of the areas of the karst anomaly sections in the geophysical profile to the total area of ​​the geophysical profile; the karst rate of the geophysical body is obtained by calculating the ratio of the sum of the volumes of the karst anomaly sections in the geophysical profile to the volume of soluble rocks in the geophysical profile; The method for determining the volume of the karst abnormal section of the above-mentioned geophysical profile is as follows: by interpreting multiple geophysical profiles, the area of ​​the karst low-resistance abnormal section in each geophysical profile is calculated respectively, and the elevation of the karst boundary feature point is obtained, and then the karst boundary feature points of multiple geophysical profiles are combined to form a body, and the karst volume of the continuous low-resistance abnormal section is calculated by spatial interpolation; The method for determining the volume of soluble rock in the above-mentioned geophysical profile is as follows: the volume of soluble rock between the two geophysical profiles can be obtained by multiplying the average area between the two geophysical profiles by the distance between the geophysical profiles. The volume of soluble rock between other profiles can be obtained by the same method. By accumulating, the volume of soluble rock in the geophysical profile can be obtained.

8. The geological classification method based on the comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system of high-speed railway karst geological section according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The following steps are also included: A. The total score T is the sum of six factors: rock strength, rock mass integrity, structural surface state, groundwater, main structural surface occurrence and karst development degree. K is the basic criterion, and the soluble rock strength stress ratio S is the limiting criterion to classify the soluble rock types in the karst area; where: T K =A+B+C+D+E+F; S=R b / σ m ; In the formula, A is the score of rock strength, B is the score of rock integrity, C is the score of structural surface state, D is the score of groundwater, E is the score of main structural surface occurrence, F is the score of karst development degree, F = αK, K is the karst development grade; α is the scoring coefficient, which is determined according to the grade of the rock mass; R b is the saturated uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass (MPa), K v is the rock mass integrity coefficient, σ m is the maximum principal stress of soluble rock; B. When T K >85, S>4, the soluble rock category is determined to be Class I; when 85≥T K When >65 and S>4, the soluble rock is judged to be of type II; C. When 65 ≥ T K >45, S>2, the soluble rock type is determined to be IIII; when 45≥T K >25, S>2, the soluble rock is determined to be Class IV; when T K When ≤25, the soluble rock category is determined to be Class V.

9. The geological classification method based on the comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system of high-speed railway karst geological section according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The determination process of A includes: based on the rock saturated uniaxial compressive strength test, obtaining the R b , according to R b >60、60≥R b >30、30≥R b >15, R b ≤15, assign a rock strength score to determine the A.

10. The geological classification method based on the comprehensive parameter refinement automatic exploration system of high-speed railway karst geological section according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The determination process of B includes: obtaining the rock mass longitudinal wave velocity and the rock longitudinal wave velocity through rock mass wave velocity test, and obtaining the rock mass integrity coefficient K by the square of the ratio of the rock mass longitudinal wave velocity to the rock longitudinal wave velocity. v , according to the rock mass integrity coefficient K v Determine the B.

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