Portable rice and wheat combine harvester

Abstract

The invention discloses a portable rice and wheat combine harvester which is mainly used for scientific researchers to collect a small amount of rice and wheat or similar crop samples. The device comprises a harvesting part, a threshing and cleaning part, a backpack type negative pressure storage part and a power system. The harvesting part is used for shifting rice and wheat ears into the cutting mechanism through an ear shifting mechanism to cut off ear stems and sending the ear stems into the threshing and cleaning part, the threshing and cleaning part is used for threshing and cleaning the ears through a rotating threshing roller and a fan, and the backpack type negative pressure storage mechanism is used for extracting threshed and cleaned grains through a fan and a conveying hose, removing impurities and storing the grains. The device is compact in structure, light in weight and convenient to carry, disassemble, assemble and clean through modular design, and meets the sampling requirements of various crops. The equipment is simple to operate, can efficiently complete the whole process of harvesting, threshing and storing, is high in sample purity and cleanliness, is low in loss, remarkably reduces the labor intensity, improves the working efficiency, and can be widely applied to the fields of agricultural scientific research, breeding tests, germplasm resource protection and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a portable rice and wheat combine harvester. Background Art

[0002] As important food crops worldwide, the research and production of rice and wheat have always received widespread attention. In scientific research activities, in order to study the yield traits of different rice and wheat varieties, a small amount of samples need to be harvested for yield measurement and quality analysis. However, when collecting rice and wheat samples in the field, most researchers still rely on traditional manual methods, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also easy to cause confusion to crop samples, thereby affecting the accuracy of the research. At the same time, due to the low efficiency of manual collection, it is difficult for researchers to efficiently obtain test samples when there are many test samples, inconsistent maturity periods, or complex environments and inconvenient transportation.

[0003] In recent years, in order to solve the difficulties faced by scientific researchers in field operations, some light harvesting equipment has also appeared on the market. These devices have improved the convenience of operation to a certain extent, but their functions are often relatively simple, and it is difficult to achieve the full process of harvesting, threshing and storing crop samples. Although there are some small mechanized equipment in the prior art, such as small combine harvesters, these equipment are mainly used for large-scale farmland operations and are not suitable for the precise collection of a small number of samples. They are large in size, heavy in weight, complex in operation, and lack adaptability to different crop varieties, which cannot meet the needs of scientific researchers for flexible and efficient operations in the field. At the same time, this type of equipment is mostly aimed at batch harvesting, and it is difficult to ensure the purity and cleanliness of a single sample, and the separation efficiency is also low, which is not conducive to the efficient development of scientific research. In addition, the design of key components of these devices lacks innovation, which can easily lead to problems such as incomplete threshing, difficulty in clearing warehouses, and unclean impurities, which further affects the efficiency of scientific research and sample quality.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a lightweight harvesting device that can be used by scientific researchers in field operations to achieve efficient harvesting, threshing and storage of small amounts of rice, wheat and other similar crop samples while ensuring the purity and cleanliness of the samples. The portable rice and wheat combine harvester of the present invention is designed to address the above problems, aiming to provide scientific researchers with an efficient, accurate and lightweight field operation tool to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a portable rice and wheat combine harvester.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A portable rice-wheat combine harvester of the present invention comprises a harvesting part, a threshing and cleaning part, a backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism and a power system; The harvesting unit includes a feed bin, an ear-moving mechanism and a shearing mechanism; the feed bin is bucket-shaped and is used to receive ears; the ear-moving mechanism is arranged above the feed bin and is located at a feeding side of the feed bin, and is used to move the ears into the feed bin; the shearing mechanism is connected to a feeding side of the upper end surface of the feed bin, and is used to cut off the stems; The threshing and cleaning part comprises a threshing drum mechanism and a grain cleaning mechanism; The threshing drum mechanism is fixedly connected to a position below the lower end outlet of the feed bin; The threshing drum mechanism comprises a threshing bin and a spike-toothed drum; the threshing bin is a cylindrical hollow cavity, connected with the feed bin to form a space together; the spike-toothed drum is coaxially arranged in the threshing bin; a plurality of spike teeth are arranged on the circumferential surface of the spike-toothed drum; the two ends of the spike-toothed drum are respectively connected to the plug and the support ring for coaxial rotation, and the plug is a disc with the same diameter as the inner wall of the threshing bin; the end of the spike-toothed drum close to the plug is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the threshing motor, and the end of the threshing bin close to the support ring is connected to the grain cleaning mechanism; the ear-moving mechanism receives the power output by the threshing motor through the transmission mechanism; The grain cleaning mechanism is fixedly connected to the threshing bin of the threshing drum mechanism; the grain cleaning mechanism, the threshing bin and the feed bin together form an operating space with only an opening above the feed bin; The outlet of the seed cleaning mechanism is connected to a backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism, and the backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism transports and stores the seeds cleaned by the seed cleaning mechanism through negative pressure. The power system comprises a battery, a control switch and a power supply line. The threshing motor, the grain cleaning mechanism and the backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism are electrically connected to the battery and the control switch through the power supply line.

[0007] The portable rice-wheat combine harvester of the present invention is a light and easy-to-operate device, which is suitable for scientific researchers to efficiently collect a small amount of crops in the field. The overall device is designed with portable operation as the core, and has the characteristics of compact structure, light weight and integrated functions. The feed bin is the main storage and transportation device for crop ears. Its bucket-shaped structure is not only convenient for receiving crop ears, but also can reduce the loss of ears caused by wind or vibration during operation. The ear-moving mechanism is located on the upper feeding side of the feed bin to ensure that the crop ears can be smoothly moved into the feed bin to avoid the ears being exposed or piled up. The cutting mechanism is installed on the upper end surface of the feed bin to quickly cut off the stems to ensure that the crops enter the threshing drum mechanism smoothly. The threshing drum mechanism and the grain cleaning mechanism are connected through the threshing bin to form an efficient working space, completing the whole process of threshing and separation of debris. The whole machine uses the threshing motor as the core power source, and each mechanism operates in coordination through the transmission system to achieve the purpose of efficient operation.

[0008] Furthermore, an ear-plucking guard is arranged above the above-mentioned feed bin, and the above-mentioned ear-plucking guard includes two side nets and a rear baffle, and the three are formed in one piece. The cross-sectional edge contour of the rear baffle includes two mutually perpendicular straight lines and a smooth curve connecting the two straight lines, and the two side nets are respectively located on both sides of the rear baffle; the above-mentioned side nets are arranged vertically to the feed bin, and are located on both sides of the feed bin; the lower end outer edge of the above-mentioned ear-plucking guard coincides with the edge of the feed bin; the above-mentioned ear-plucking guard is fixedly connected to the feed bin through a guard frame; and a handle is fixedly connected to the above-mentioned feed bin.

[0009] The design of the ear-pulling shield is to optimize the crop guidance and protection effect, and prevent the ears from scattering when cutting. The shield adopts an integrated molding process to make its structure more stable, and the three-sided design (two side nets and one rear baffle net) effectively limits the scattering range of the crop ears. The cross-section of the rear baffle net of the shield adopts a smooth curved profile, which can reduce the resistance of the crop ears when entering the feed bin, thereby improving the operation efficiency. The side nets are arranged vertically with the feed bin, which not only increases the overall rigidity of the shield, but also effectively prevents the crop ears from flying from the side during operation. The use of the shield net frame further enhances the firmness of the shield, and its material is mostly high-strength lightweight alloy or engineering plastic to reduce the overall weight of the equipment.

[0010] The handle is the main handheld part of the device. Its design not only meets the operational requirements, but also conforms to ergonomic principles and provides a comfortable grip experience. The handle surface is coated with non-slip material to ensure that it can be firmly held even in sweat or rain during operation. The position of the handle and the overall center of gravity of the device are accurately calculated to ensure that there will be no tilting or excessive fatigue during use. In addition, the length and diameter of the handle are moderate, taking into account the usage habits of different operators.

[0011] Furthermore, the above-mentioned tassel-moving mechanism comprises: A plurality of ear-pulling devices, wherein the ear-pulling devices are rods with two ends respectively bent vertically; An ear-pulling shaft fixedly connected to the two bent ends of the ear-pulling device; the connection points between the ear-pulling shaft and the ear-pulling device are respectively located at the two end surfaces of the ear-pulling shaft; a plurality of the ear-pulling devices are arranged in a circular array along the central axis of the ear-pulling shaft; the two ends of the ear-pulling shaft are respectively rotatably connected to a vertical rod; A transmission wheel coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the above-mentioned ear removing shaft; A transmission belt connected to the transmission wheel; A driving wheel is coaxially fixedly connected to the spike-toothed drum and is assembled and connected with a transmission belt.

[0012] The ear-pulling mechanism achieves efficient ear-pulling of crops through the cooperation of the ear-pulling device and the ear-pulling shaft. The two ends of the ear-pulling device are designed to be vertically bent, so that it can cover a larger range when pulling the ears, while reducing the omission rate. The connection between the ear-pulling shaft and the ear-pulling device is located at the two end surfaces of the shaft, making the ear-pulling action more uniform and reliable. The rotation of the ear-pulling shaft is driven by the transmission wheel and the transmission belt. The transmission system transmits power to the threshing shaft through the driving wheel to ensure the synchronous operation of the ear-pulling mechanism and the threshing drum mechanism. This design not only improves the power utilization rate, but also reduces the complexity of the system.

[0013] Furthermore, the above-mentioned cutting mechanism comprises: A fixed shearing blade, the fixed shearing blade comprises a long strip-shaped body and a plurality of shearing teeth, one side of the shearing teeth being provided with a cutting edge; the plurality of shearing teeth are vertically fixedly connected to the two long sides of the long strip-shaped body, and are arranged in a uniform linear array along the long strip-shaped body; the fixed shearing blade is arranged parallel to the edge of the feeding side of the feeding bin, and is fixedly connected to the feeding bin by a plurality of bolts; The movable shearing blade has a cutting edge direction opposite to that of the fixed shearing blade, so that the shearing teeth of the two blades form a scissor-like structure; the movable shearing blade is provided with a plurality of waist-shaped holes matched with a plurality of bolts one by one, so that the movable shearing blade can move limitedly along the straight line formed by the plurality of bolts; the movable shearing blade performs reciprocating linear motion under the drive of the reciprocating drive mechanism, so that the shearing teeth continuously complete the cutting action; The pressure strip arranged above the movable shearing blade is connected with the fixed shearing blade and the feeding bin.

[0014] The shearing mechanism uses a scissor-like structure composed of a fixed shearing blade and a movable shearing blade to accurately cut the crop stems. The shear teeth on the fixed shearing blade are evenly distributed, and the direction of its blade is opposite to the direction of the stem movement to enhance the shearing force. The movable shearing blade is fixed to the bolt through a waist-shaped hole and can move in a limited linear direction under the action of the reciprocating drive mechanism to form a continuous shearing action. The pressure strip is installed above the movable shearing blade. Its function is to keep its position stable when the stem is sheared to avoid vibration or offset affecting the shearing effect.

[0015] Furthermore, the reciprocating drive mechanism comprises: Cam; A cam motor whose output shaft is fixedly connected to the cam; the cam motor drives the cam to rotate; A reciprocating connecting rod having one end cooperating with the cam and the other end fixedly connected to the movable shearing blade; the reciprocating connecting rod drives the movable shearing blade to perform reciprocating motion under the action of the rotation of the cam; A roller assembly clamped on the upper and lower sides of the reciprocating connecting rod to limit its up and down movement; An encapsulating shell encapsulating the cam, cam motor and roller assembly; one end of the reciprocating connecting rod connected to the movable shearing blade extends from the inside of the encapsulating shell to the outside through a through hole; One end is connected to the reciprocating connecting rod, and the other end is connected to the packaging shell, and the rebound mechanism is in an elongated state.

[0016] The reciprocating drive mechanism converts the motor's rotary motion into linear reciprocating motion through the cooperation of the cam and the reciprocating connecting rod, thereby driving the movable shear strip to perform continuous shearing. The surface of the cam is specially designed to reduce friction loss during operation while ensuring the smooth movement of the connecting rod. The roller group is clamped on the upper and lower sides of the connecting rod to limit the up and down movement that may occur during the shearing process. The rebound mechanism adopts a high-strength spring or elastic rope design. After the movable shear strip completes shearing, it quickly returns to the initial position to improve shearing efficiency.

[0017] Furthermore, the overall package shell is in the shape of a handle; the package shell not only protects the internal transmission components from the external environment, but also provides an operator with a structural design that is easy to hold. The surface of the handle-shaped shell is frosted to prevent slipping due to sweat or moisture. The interior of the shell is compactly arranged, and the cam, roller assembly and connecting rod mechanism are reasonably distributed to reduce the size and weight of the device.

[0018] Furthermore, the above-mentioned grain cleaning mechanism comprises: A threshing bin having the same diameter as the threshing bin at one end and being coaxially connected to the threshing bin at the other end; A conveying bin is vertically arranged below the threshing bin, and the two are connected; the backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism is connected to the lower end of the conveying bin; A sieve plate is provided at the connection between the threshing bin and the conveying bin; A fan connected to the conveying bin through a pipeline; the air outlet direction of the fan is obliquely upward toward the central axis of the conveying bin.

[0019] The grain cleaning mechanism purifies and collects grains through the combined operation of the threshing bin, the conveying bin and the sieve plate. The diameter of the threshing bin is the same as that of the threshing bin. The airflow generated by the fan blows away light impurities to ensure the purity of the grains; the setting of the sieve plate ensures that only grains can pass through. The bottom of the conveying bin is connected to the backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism for easy sample collection. The air outlet direction of the fan is designed to be obliquely upward, which helps to avoid secondary mixing of grains due to airflow during the separation process.

[0020] Furthermore, the spike teeth are provided in a plurality of groups, each group of spike teeth is arranged in a uniform linear equidistant array; and the plurality of groups of spike teeth are arranged in a circular array along the central axis of the spike tooth drum; A hammer head is provided at the end of the spike that is not connected to the spike roller; The support ring comprises an outer ring fixedly clamped with the inner wall of the threshing bin, and an inner ring coaxially connected through less than five support rods; the inner ring is assembled and connected with the spike-toothed drum.

[0021] The hammer head of the spikes has a special shape design to reduce the damage to the grain. The arrangement of the spikes is an equidistant linear array, which makes the threshing action more uniform. The structure of the support ring is connected by an inner and outer ring, which not only maintains the stability of the threshing shaft, but also does not affect the rotation of the hammer rod.

[0022] Furthermore, the vertical pole is provided with a plurality of through holes for adjusting the height of the ear-moving shaft, and the ear-moving shaft is detachably and rotatably connected to the two vertical poles through two through holes at the same height.

[0023] The vertical pole has multiple through holes to make the height of the ear-pulling shaft adjustable to meet the needs of harvesting crops at different heights. This design takes into account the diversity of crop types and maturity in field operations, making it easier for researchers to quickly adjust the equipment according to crop characteristics. The detachable connection design of the ear-pulling shaft also facilitates the later cleaning and maintenance of the equipment.

[0024] Furthermore, the above-mentioned backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism includes a backpack-type storage part and a conveying hose; a negative pressure fan is arranged in the above-mentioned backpack-type storage part to make the interior of the backpack-type storage part in a negative pressure state; one end of the above-mentioned conveying hose is connected to the backpack-type storage part, and the other end is connected to the conveying bin.

[0025] The backpack negative pressure storage mechanism is the core component of the grain collection and storage of this equipment, which consists of a backpack storage unit and a conveying hose. A negative pressure fan is installed inside the backpack storage unit, which puts the inside of the backpack storage unit in a negative pressure state, so that the grains can be efficiently absorbed and conveyed. One end of the conveying hose is connected to the backpack storage unit, and the other end is connected to the conveying bin, forming a complete negative pressure conveying channel.

[0026] The design of the negative pressure fan ensures that the grains can be quickly and smoothly sucked into the backpack storage unit after cleaning, avoiding grain retention or leakage during transportation. In addition, the backpack storage unit adopts an ergonomic backpack design, and its shell is made of lightweight materials, which not only reduces the burden on users, but also improves the convenience of field operations. The material of the conveying hose is a high-strength, anti-bending flexible material to ensure that it is not easy to wear during long-term use, and at the same time facilitates researchers to operate flexibly during field operations.

[0027] The power system is the core support part of the operation of this equipment, which consists of batteries, control switches and power supply lines. The battery provides a stable DC power supply to ensure that the threshing motor, grain cleaning mechanism and backpack negative pressure storage mechanism can operate efficiently for a long time. The control switch design is simple and intuitive. Users can control the opening and closing of the equipment with a single switch, which improves the convenience of operation.

[0028] The power supply line adopts multi-layer insulation and waterproof design, which can adapt to the dusty and humid working environment in the field, ensuring the safety of operation and the stability of the equipment. The battery capacity has been accurately calculated to support the continuous working time of the equipment under the needs of conventional field sampling. At the same time, it has the function of rapid replacement or charging to meet the efficient operation needs of scientific researchers. The overall design of the power system focuses on compactness, and the weight of the battery is reasonably distributed in the equipment to avoid adding additional burden and ensure the balance and portability of the equipment operation.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: It can efficiently complete the sample collection of rice, wheat and other similar crops, avoiding the time-consuming and labor-intensive shortcomings of traditional manual collection, and effectively improving the efficiency and accuracy of sample collection.

[0030] During the sample collection process, the device causes minimal damage to crops and can well maintain the integrity of the samples, while significantly reducing sample loss and impurity mixing.

[0031] The device has a compact structure, is light in weight, is easy to carry and operate, is suitable for flexible use by scientific researchers in the field, and helps to reduce labor intensity.

[0032] The device has excellent threshing effect, the grains and husks are separated thoroughly, and the samples after separation are highly pure, ensuring the sample quality and suitable for scientific research needs.

[0033] Samples are easy to store and quick to access, further improving the convenience of scientific research operations.

[0034] The device has strong adaptability and can be adjusted for use according to the characteristics of different crops and field environment. It is suitable for small-batch sample collection needs of a variety of crops.

[0035] The device has stable operation, easy maintenance, high reliability, long service life, and high economic benefits and promotion value.

[0036] It solves the problems of bulky equipment, single function and poor sample collection effect in the existing technology, and provides an efficient and reliable solution for scientific research work on crops such as rice and wheat. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 : A schematic diagram of the first three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 : A second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 : A third three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 : A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fringe mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 : A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the feed bin of the present invention; Figure 6 : A three-dimensional structural diagram of the shear rod mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 : A cross-sectional view of the shear rod mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 : A three-dimensional exploded view of the shear rod mechanism of the present invention; Fig. 9 : A three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of the reciprocating drive mechanism of the present invention; Fig.10 : Another three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of the reciprocating drive mechanism of the present invention; Fig.11 : A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the threshing mechanism of the present invention; Fig.12 : A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the grain cleaning mechanism of the present invention; Fig.13 : A three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of the seed cleaning mechanism of the present invention; Fig.14 : A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the cover net frame and the vertical poles of the present invention; Fig.15 : A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the feed cover net of the present invention; In the figure: 1-feeding bin, 2-ear-moving mechanism, 3-cutting mechanism, 4-threshing drum mechanism, 5-grain cleaning mechanism, 6-ear-moving shield, 7-shield frame, 11-handle, 21-ear-moving device, 22-ear-moving shaft, 23-transmission wheel, 24-transmission belt, 25-driving wheel, 26-vertical pole, 31-fixed cutting blade, 32-movable cutting blade, 33-pressing strip, 34-reciprocating driving mechanism, 35-guide rod, 341-cam, 342-cam motor, 343-reciprocating connecting rod, 344-roller group, 345-encapsulation shell, 346-rebound mechanism, 41-threshing bin, 42-spike-toothed drum, 43-plug, 44-support ring, 45-threshing motor, 51-separation bin, 52-conveying bin, 53-sieve plate, 54-fan, 81-backpack storage unit, 82-conveying hose. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Example: Figure 1-15 As shown, a portable rice-wheat combine harvester comprises a harvesting part, a threshing and cleaning part, a backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism and a power system; The harvesting part includes a feed bin 1, an ear-pushing mechanism 2 and a cutting mechanism 3; the feed bin 1 is bucket-shaped and is used to receive ears; the ear-pushing mechanism 2 is arranged above the feed bin 1 and is located at a feeding side of the feed bin 1, and is used to push the ears into the feed bin 1; the cutting mechanism 3 is connected to a feeding side of the upper end surface of the feed bin 1, and is used to cut off the stems; The threshing and cleaning part comprises a threshing drum mechanism 4 and a grain cleaning mechanism 5; The threshing drum mechanism 4 is fixedly connected to a position below the lower end outlet of the feed bin 1; The threshing drum mechanism 4 includes a threshing bin 41 and a spike-toothed drum 42; the threshing bin 41 is a cylindrical hollow cavity, connected with the feed bin 1 to form a space together; the spike-toothed drum 42 is coaxially arranged in the threshing bin 41; a plurality of spike teeth are arranged on the circumferential surface of the spike-toothed drum 42; the two ends of the spike-toothed drum 42 are respectively coaxially rotatably connected with the plug 43 and the support ring 44, and the plug 43 is a disc with the same diameter as the inner wall of the threshing bin 41; the end of the spike-toothed drum 42 close to the plug 43 is coaxially fixedly connected with the output shaft of the threshing motor 45, and the end of the threshing bin 41 close to the support ring 44 is connected to the grain cleaning mechanism 5; the ear-moving mechanism 2 receives the power output by the threshing motor 45 through the transmission mechanism; The grain cleaning mechanism 5 is fixedly connected to the threshing bin 41 of the threshing drum mechanism 4; the grain cleaning mechanism 5, the threshing bin 41 and the feed bin 1 together form a working space with only the top of the feed bin 1 being open; The outlet of the seed cleaning mechanism 5 is connected to a backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism, which transports and stores the seeds cleaned by the seed cleaning mechanism 5 through negative pressure. The power system comprises a battery, a control switch and a power supply circuit. The threshing motor 45, the grain cleaning mechanism 5 and the backpack type negative pressure storage mechanism are electrically connected to the battery and the control switch through the power supply circuit.

[0039] The portable rice-wheat combine harvester of the present invention is a light and easy-to-operate device suitable for scientific researchers to efficiently collect a small amount of crops in the field. The overall device is designed with portable operation as the core, and has the characteristics of compact structure, light weight and integrated functions. The feed bin 1 is the main storage and conveying device for crop ears. Its bucket-shaped structure is not only convenient for receiving crop ears, but also can reduce the loss of ears caused by wind or vibration during operation. The ear-moving mechanism 2 is located on the upper feeding side of the feed bin 1 to ensure that the crop ears can be smoothly moved into the feed bin to avoid the ears being exposed or piled up. The cutting mechanism 3 is installed on the upper end surface of the feed bin 1 to quickly cut off the stems to ensure that the crops enter the threshing drum mechanism 4 smoothly. The threshing drum mechanism 4 and the grain cleaning mechanism 5 are connected through the threshing bin 41 to form an efficient working space to complete the whole process of threshing and separation of debris. The whole machine uses the threshing motor 45 as the core power source, and each mechanism operates in coordination through the transmission system to achieve the purpose of efficient operation.

[0040] Furthermore, an ear-plucking guard 6 is arranged above the above-mentioned feed bin 1, and the above-mentioned ear-plucking guard 6 includes two side nets and a rear baffle, and the three are formed in one piece. The cross-sectional edge contour of the rear baffle includes two mutually perpendicular straight lines and a smooth curve connecting the two straight lines, and the two side nets are respectively located on both sides of the rear baffle; the above-mentioned side nets are arranged vertically to the feed bin 1, and are located on both sides of the feed bin 1; the outer edge of the lower end of the above-mentioned ear-plucking guard 6 coincides with the edge of the feed bin 1; the above-mentioned ear-plucking guard 6 is fixedly connected to the feed bin 1 through a guard frame 7; and a handle 11 is fixedly connected to the above-mentioned feed bin 1.

[0041] The design of the ear-moving shield 6 is intended to optimize the crop guidance and protection effect and prevent crop ears from scattering when they are cut. The shield adopts an integrated molding process to make its structure more stable, and effectively limits the scattering range of crop ears through a three-sided design (two side nets and one rear baffle net). The cross-section of the rear baffle net of the shield adopts a smooth curved profile, which can reduce the resistance of crop ears when entering the feed bin 1, thereby improving work efficiency. The side nets are arranged vertically to the feed bin 1, which not only increases the overall rigidity of the shield, but also effectively prevents crop ears from scattering from the side during operation. The use of the shield net frame 7 further enhances the firmness of the shield, and its material is mostly high-strength lightweight alloy or engineering plastic to reduce the overall weight of the equipment.

[0042] The handle 11 is the main hand-held part of the device. Its design not only meets the operation requirements, but also conforms to the principles of ergonomics and provides a comfortable grip experience. The handle surface is coated with anti-slip material to ensure that it can be firmly held even in sweat or rain during operation. The position of the handle and the overall center of gravity of the device are accurately calculated to ensure that there will be no tilting or excessive fatigue during use. In addition, the length and diameter of the handle are moderate, taking into account the usage habits of different operators.

[0043] Furthermore, the above-mentioned fringe mechanism 2 comprises: A plurality of ear removers 21, wherein the ear removers 21 are rods with two ends respectively bent vertically; The ear-pulling shaft 22 is fixedly connected to the two ends of the bend of the ear-pulling device 21; the connection points between the ear-pulling shaft 22 and the ear-pulling device 21 are respectively located at the two end surfaces of the ear-pulling shaft 22; a plurality of the ear-pulling devices 21 are arranged in a circular array along the central axis of the ear-pulling shaft 22; the two ends of the ear-pulling shaft 22 are respectively rotatably connected to a vertical rod 26; A transmission wheel 23 coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the above-mentioned de-earing shaft 22; A transmission belt 24 connected to the transmission wheel 23; A driving wheel 25 is coaxially fixedly connected to the spiked roller 42 and is fitted and connected to the driving belt 24 .

[0044] The ear-moving mechanism 2 realizes efficient moving of crop ears through the cooperation of the ear-moving device 21 and the ear-moving shaft 22. The two ends of the ear-moving device 21 are designed to be vertically bent, so that it can cover a larger range when moving the ears, while reducing the omission rate. The part where the ear-moving shaft 22 is connected to the ear-moving device 21 is located at the two end surfaces of the shaft, so that the ear-moving action is more uniform and reliable. The rotation of the ear-moving shaft 22 is driven by the transmission wheel 23 and the transmission belt 24, and the transmission system transmits power to the threshing shaft 41 through the driving wheel 25, ensuring the synchronous operation of the ear-moving mechanism 2 and the threshing drum mechanism 4. This design not only improves the power utilization rate, but also reduces the complexity of the system.

[0045] Furthermore, the cutting mechanism 3 comprises: A fixed shearing blade 31, the fixed shearing blade 31 comprises a long strip-shaped body and a plurality of shearing teeth, one side of the shearing teeth being provided with a cutting edge; the plurality of shearing teeth are vertically fixedly connected to the two long sides of the long strip-shaped body, and are arranged in a uniform linear array along the long strip-shaped body; the fixed shearing blade 31 is arranged parallel to the edge of the feeding side of the feeding bin 1, and is fixedly connected to the feeding bin 1 by a plurality of bolts; The movable shearing blade 32 has a cutting edge direction opposite to that of the fixed shearing blade 31, so that the shearing teeth of the two form a scissor-like structure; the movable shearing blade 32 is provided with a plurality of waist-shaped holes matched with a plurality of bolts one by one, so that the movable shearing blade 32 can move limitedly along the straight line formed by the plurality of bolts; the movable shearing blade 32 performs reciprocating linear motion under the drive of the reciprocating drive mechanism 34, so that the shearing teeth continuously complete the cutting action; The pressure strip 33 disposed above the movable shearing blade 32 is connected to the fixed shearing blade 31 and the feed bin 1 .

[0046] The shearing mechanism 3 uses a scissor-like structure composed of a fixed shearing blade 31 and a movable shearing blade 32 to accurately cut the crop stems. The shearing teeth on the fixed shearing blade 31 are evenly distributed, and the direction of its blade is opposite to the direction of movement of the stem to enhance the shearing force. The movable shearing blade 32 is fixed to the bolt through a waist-shaped hole, and can move limitedly in a straight line direction under the action of the reciprocating drive mechanism 34 to form a continuous shearing action. The pressure strip 33 is installed above the movable shearing blade, and its function is to keep its position stable when the stem is sheared to avoid vibration or displacement affecting the shearing effect.

[0047] Furthermore, the reciprocating drive mechanism 34 includes: Cam 341; The cam motor 342 has an output shaft fixedly connected to the cam 341; the cam motor 342 drives the cam 341 to rotate; A reciprocating connecting rod 343 having one end cooperating with the cam 341 and the other end fixedly connected to the movable shearing blade 32; the reciprocating connecting rod 343 drives the movable shearing blade 32 to reciprocate under the action of the rotation of the cam 341; A roller assembly 343 is clamped on both sides of the reciprocating connecting rod 343 to limit its up and down movement; The encapsulation shell 345 encapsulates the cam 341, the cam motor 342 and the roller assembly 343; one end of the reciprocating connecting rod 343 connected to the movable cutting blade 32 extends from the inside of the encapsulation shell 345 to the outside through a through hole; One end is connected to the reciprocating connecting rod 343 and the other end is connected to the packaging shell 345, which is a rebound mechanism 346 in an elongated state.

[0048] The reciprocating drive mechanism 34 converts the rotational motion of the motor 342 into linear reciprocating motion through the cooperation of the cam 341 and the reciprocating connecting rod 343, thereby driving the movable shear strip 32 to perform continuous shearing. The surface of the cam 341 is specially designed to reduce friction loss during operation while ensuring the smooth movement of the connecting rod. The roller group 343 is clamped on the upper and lower sides of the connecting rod to limit the up and down movement that may occur during the shearing process. The rebound mechanism 346 adopts a high-strength spring or elastic rope design. After the movable shear strip completes shearing, it quickly returns to the initial position to improve shearing efficiency.

[0049] Furthermore, the package shell 345 is in the shape of a handle as a whole; the package shell 345 not only protects the internal transmission components from the external environment, but also provides an operator with a structural design that is easy to hold. The surface of the handle-shaped shell is frosted to prevent slipping due to sweat or moisture. The interior of the shell is compactly arranged, and the cam 341, the roller group 343 and the connecting rod mechanism are reasonably distributed to reduce the size and weight of the device.

[0050] Furthermore, the grain cleaning mechanism 5 comprises: One end has the same diameter as the threshing bin 41 and is coaxially connected thereto, and the other end is a sealed threshing bin 51; The conveying bin 52 is vertically arranged below the threshing bin 51, and the two are connected; the backpack type negative pressure storage mechanism is connected to the lower end of the conveying bin 52; A sieve plate 52 is provided at the connection between the threshing bin 51 and the conveying bin; A fan 54 is connected to the conveying bin 52 through a pipeline; the air outlet direction of the fan 54 is obliquely upward and points to the central axis of the conveying bin 52.

[0051] The grain cleaning mechanism 5 purifies and collects grains through the combined operation of the threshing bin 51, the conveying bin 52 and the sieve plate 53. The diameter of the threshing bin 51 is the same as that of the threshing bin 41. The airflow generated by the fan 54 blows away light impurities to ensure the purity of the grains; the setting of the sieve plate 53 ensures that only grains can pass through. The bottom of the conveying bin 52 is connected to a backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism for easy sample collection. The air outlet direction of the fan 54 is designed to be obliquely upward, which helps to avoid secondary mixing of grains due to airflow during the separation process.

[0052] Furthermore, the spike teeth are provided in a plurality of groups, and each group of spike teeth is arranged in a uniform linear equidistant array; and the plurality of groups of spike teeth are arranged in a circular array along the central axis of the spike tooth drum 42; The end of the spike that is not connected to the spike roller 42 is provided with a hammer head; The support ring 44 comprises an outer ring fixedly engaged with the inner wall of the threshing bin 41 , and an inner ring coaxially connected via less than five support rods; the inner ring is assembled and connected with the spiked roller 42 .

[0053] The hammering head of the spikes has a special shape design to reduce the damage to the grain. The arrangement of the spikes is an equidistant linear array, which makes the threshing action more uniform. The structure of the support ring 44 is connected by an inner and outer ring, which not only maintains the stability of the threshing shaft 41, but also does not affect the rotation of the hammering rod.

[0054] Furthermore, the vertical rod 26 is provided with a plurality of through holes for adjusting the height of the ear-moving shaft 22 , and the ear-moving shaft 22 is detachably and rotatably connected to the two vertical rods 26 via two through holes at the same height.

[0055] The vertical rod 26 has multiple through holes to make the height of the ear-pulling shaft 22 adjustable to meet the needs of harvesting crops at different heights. This design takes into account the diversity of crop types and maturity in field operations, making it easy for researchers to quickly adjust the equipment according to the characteristics of the crops. The detachable connection design of the ear-pulling shaft also facilitates the later cleaning and maintenance of the equipment.

[0056] Furthermore, the above-mentioned backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism includes a backpack-type storage part 81 and a conveying hose 82; a negative pressure fan is arranged in the above-mentioned backpack-type storage part 81, so that the interior of the backpack-type storage part 81 is in a negative pressure state; one end of the above-mentioned conveying hose 82 is connected to the backpack-type storage part 81, and the other end is connected to the conveying bin 52.

[0057] The backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism is the core component of the grain collection and storage of the device, and is composed of a backpack-type storage unit 81 and a conveying hose 82. A negative pressure fan is installed inside the backpack-type storage unit 81, so that the inside is in a negative pressure state, so that the grains can be efficiently absorbed and conveyed. One end of the conveying hose 82 is connected to the backpack-type storage unit 81, and the other end is connected to the conveying bin 52, forming a complete negative pressure conveying channel.

[0058] The design of the negative pressure fan ensures that the grains can be quickly and smoothly sucked into the backpack storage unit 81 after cleaning, avoiding grain retention or leakage during transportation. In addition, the backpack storage unit 81 adopts an ergonomic backpack design, and its shell is made of lightweight materials, which not only reduces the burden on the user, but also improves the convenience of field operations. The material of the conveying hose 82 is a high-strength, anti-bending flexible material to ensure that it is not easy to wear during long-term use, and at the same time facilitates researchers to operate flexibly during field operations.

[0059] The power system is the core support part of the operation of the equipment, which consists of batteries, control switches and power supply lines. The battery provides a stable DC power supply to ensure that the threshing motor 45, the grain cleaning mechanism 5 and the backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism can operate efficiently for a long time. The control switch is designed to be simple and intuitive, and the user can control the opening and closing of the equipment through a single switch, which improves the convenience of operation.

[0060] The power supply line adopts multi-layer insulation and waterproof design, which can adapt to the dusty and humid working environment in the field, ensuring the safety of operation and the stability of the equipment. The battery capacity has been accurately calculated to support the continuous working time of the equipment under the needs of conventional field sampling. At the same time, it has the function of rapid replacement or charging to meet the efficient operation needs of scientific researchers. The overall design of the power system focuses on compactness, and the weight of the battery is reasonably distributed in the equipment to avoid adding additional burden and ensure the balance and portability of the equipment operation.

[0061] The following is an experimental record of collecting wheat samples by the portable rice-wheat combine harvester of the present invention: Experiment Date: June 15, 2024 Experimental location: Experimental field of a scientific research base Purpose of the experiment: To verify the efficiency, integrity and sample purity of wheat samples collected by a portable rice-wheat combine harvester under field conditions.

[0062] Experimenters: Zhang, Li Experimental equipment: Portable rice and wheat combine harvester (No.: SJ-20240615-003) Experimental steps and records: 1. Preparation before the experiment A 10-square-meter wheat planting area was selected from the experimental field for marking. The wheat in the selected experimental area has reached full maturity, with an average plant height of 85 cm.

[0063] Ensure that all components of the harvester are operating normally, the harvesting unit, threshing and cleaning unit, backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism and power system have been debugged, and the backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism is emptied to ensure the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0064] The total number of wheat plants in the experimental area was recorded to be 250.

[0065] Collection process The experimenter Zhang held the device and moved forward along the field ridge at a constant pace. After the ear-pushing mechanism 2 was started, it accurately pushed the wheat ears and sent them into the feed bin 1; the shearing mechanism 3 operated synchronously to cut the stems.

[0066] The threshing drum mechanism 4 of the equipment efficiently separates grains and straws, and uses the fan 54 to remove impurities. The grains enter the conveying bin 52, and the straws and impurities are discharged from the equipment from the entrance of the feed bin 1 in reverse under the action of the fan 54. The grains entering the conveying bin 52 further enter the backpack storage part 81 through the conveying hose 82 under the action of the negative pressure fan to complete the collection of samples.

[0067] During the advancement process, the equipment ran stably without obvious lag. The experiment took a total of 7 minutes to complete the collection of all wheat samples in the test area.

[0068] Post-experiment notes A total of 1.85 kg of wheat grains were collected in the backpack storage unit 81, which was in line with the expected harvest. The sample grains were intact without obvious damage, and after random sampling inspection, no obvious straw or shell fragments were found, and the purity was over 98%.

[0069] The remaining straw is discharged into the field ridges without blockage. The equipment runs stably, and the vibration and noise are within an acceptable range.

[0070] During the entire collection process, the experimenters reported that the equipment was comfortable to operate, lightweight, stable to hold, and had a precise harvesting path, making it suitable for a single person to independently complete small-scale sample collection work.

[0071] Experimental Summary The portable rice-wheat combine harvester performed well in collecting wheat samples in the field, significantly improving the collection efficiency and saving about 70% of the time compared to traditional manual collection.

[0072] The integrity and purity of the samples meet scientific research requirements and provide high-quality basic samples for further experiments.

[0073] The portability and flexibility of the equipment are suitable for scientific research operations in complex field conditions and can be promoted and applied to the collection of samples of various crops in the future.

[0074] Experimental conclusion: The portable rice-wheat combine harvester can efficiently complete the collection of wheat samples. The sample quality meets the scientific research requirements. The equipment operates stably and has the potential for large-scale promotion.

[0075] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable rice and wheat combine harvester, characterized in that: It includes a harvesting unit, a threshing and cleaning unit, a backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism and a power system; The harvesting section comprises a feed bin (1), an ear-moving mechanism (2) and a cutting mechanism (3); the feed bin (1) is bucket-shaped and is used to receive ears; the ear-moving mechanism (2) is arranged above the feed bin (1) and is located at a position on the feed side of the feed bin (1) and is used to move ears into the feed bin (1); the cutting mechanism (3) is connected to a position on the feed side of the upper end surface of the feed bin (1) and is used to cut off the stems; The threshing and cleaning section comprises a threshing drum mechanism (4) and a grain cleaning mechanism (5); The threshing drum mechanism (4) is fixedly connected to a position below the lower end outlet of the feed bin (1); The threshing drum mechanism (4) comprises a threshing bin (41) and a spike-toothed drum (42); the threshing bin (41) is a cylindrical hollow cavity, connected to the feed bin (1) to form a space; the spike-toothed drum (42) is coaxially arranged in the threshing bin (41); a plurality of spike teeth are arranged on the circumferential surface of the spike-toothed drum (42); the two ends of the spike-toothed drum (42) are respectively coaxially rotatably connected to a plug (43) and a support ring (44), and the plug (43) is a disc having a diameter equal to that of the inner wall of the threshing bin (41); one end of the spike-toothed drum (42) close to the plug (43) is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the threshing motor (45), and one end of the threshing bin (41) close to the support ring (44) is connected to the grain cleaning mechanism (5); the ear-moving mechanism (2) receives power output by the threshing motor (45) through a transmission mechanism; The grain cleaning mechanism (5) is fixedly connected to the threshing bin (41) of the threshing drum mechanism (4); the grain cleaning mechanism (5), the threshing bin (41) and the feed bin (1) together form an operating space with only the top of the feed bin (1) being open; The outlet of the seed cleaning mechanism (5) is connected to a backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism, and the backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism transports and stores the seeds cleaned by the seed cleaning mechanism (5) through negative pressure. The power system comprises a battery, a control switch and a power supply line, and the threshing motor (45), the grain cleaning mechanism (5) and the backpack type negative pressure storage mechanism are electrically connected to the battery and the control switch via the power supply line.

2. A portable rice-wheat combine harvester as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A tassel-plucking guard (6) is arranged above the feed bin (1), the tassel-plucking guard (6) comprising two side nets and a rear baffle, the three being formed in one piece, the cross-sectional edge profile of the rear baffle comprising two mutually perpendicular straight lines and a smooth curve connecting the two straight lines, the two side nets being respectively located at two sides of the rear baffle; the side nets are arranged vertically to the feed bin (1) and are located at two sides of the feed bin (1); the outer edge of the lower end of the tassel-plucking guard (6) coincides with the edge of the feed bin (1); the tassel-plucking guard (6) is fixedly connected to the feed bin (1) via a guard frame (7); and a handle (11) is fixedly connected to the feed bin (1).

3. A portable rice-wheat combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tassel-moving mechanism (2) comprises: A plurality of ear removers (21), wherein the ear removers (21) are rods with two ends respectively bent vertically; an ear-moving shaft (22) fixedly connected to the two bent ends of the ear-moving device (21); the connection points between the ear-moving shaft (22) and the ear-moving device (21) are respectively located at the two end surfaces of the ear-moving shaft (22); a plurality of the ear-moving devices (21) are arranged in a circular array along the central axis of the ear-moving shaft (22); the two end positions of the ear-moving shaft (22) are respectively rotatably connected to a vertical rod (26); A transmission wheel (23) coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the de-earing shaft (22); A transmission belt (24) connected to the transmission wheel (23); A driving wheel (25) is coaxially fixedly connected to the spiked roller (42) and is assembled and connected to the driving belt (24).

4. A portable rice-wheat combine harvester as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The shearing mechanism (3) comprises: A fixed shearing blade (31), the fixed shearing blade (31) comprising a long strip-shaped body and a plurality of shearing teeth, one side of the shearing teeth being provided with a cutting edge; the plurality of shearing teeth being vertically fixedly connected to two long sides of the long strip-shaped body, and being arranged in a uniform linear array along the long strip-shaped body; the fixed shearing blade (31) is arranged parallel to an edge of a feeding side of the feeding bin (1), and is fixedly connected to the feeding bin (1) by a plurality of bolts; A movable shearing blade (32) having a cutting edge direction opposite to that of the fixed shearing blade (31) makes the shearing teeth of the two form a scissor-like structure; the movable shearing blade (32) is provided with a plurality of waist-shaped holes that match with a plurality of bolts one by one, so that the movable shearing blade (32) can move limitedly along the straight line formed by the plurality of bolts; the movable shearing blade (32) performs reciprocating linear motion under the drive of the reciprocating drive mechanism (34), so that the shearing teeth continuously complete the cutting action; The pressure strip (33) disposed above the movable shearing blade (32) is connected to the fixed shearing blade (31) and the feed bin (1).

5. A portable rice-wheat combine harvester as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The reciprocating drive mechanism (34) comprises: CAM(341); A cam motor (342) whose output shaft is fixedly connected to the cam (341); the cam motor (342) drives the cam (341) to rotate; a reciprocating connecting rod (343) having one end cooperating with the cam (341) and the other end fixedly connected to the movable shearing blade (32); the reciprocating connecting rod (343) drives the movable shearing blade (32) to perform reciprocating motion under the action of the rotation of the cam (341); A roller assembly (343) clamped on the upper and lower sides of the reciprocating connecting rod (343) to limit its upward and downward movement; An encapsulation shell (345) encapsulating the cam (341), the cam motor (342) and the roller assembly (343); one end of the reciprocating connecting rod (343) connected to the movable cutting blade (32) extends from the inside of the encapsulation shell (345) to the outside through a through hole; One end of the springback mechanism (346) is connected to the reciprocating connecting rod (343), and the other end is connected to the packaging shell (345), and is in an elongated state.

6. A portable rice-wheat combine harvester as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The packaging shell (345) is in the shape of a handle as a whole; the rebound mechanism (346) is a spring or an elastic rope.

7. A portable rice-wheat combine harvester as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The grain cleaning mechanism (5) comprises: A threshing bin (51) having the same diameter as the threshing bin (41) at one end and being coaxially connected thereto and having a sealed threshing bin (51) at the other end; A conveying bin (52) is vertically arranged below the threshing bin (51), and the two are connected to each other; the backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism is connected to the lower end of the conveying bin (52); A sieve plate (52) is provided at the connection between the threshing bin (51) and the conveying bin; A fan (54) is connected to the conveying bin (52) via a pipeline; the air outlet direction of the fan (54) is obliquely upwards towards the central axis of the conveying bin (52).

8. The portable rice-wheat combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spike teeth are provided in a plurality of groups, each group of spike teeth being arranged in a uniform linear equidistant array; the plurality of groups of spike teeth are arranged in a circular array along the central axis of the spike tooth drum (42); A hammer head is provided at one end of the spike that is not connected to the spike roller (42); The support ring (44) comprises an outer ring fixedly clamped to the inner wall of the threshing bin (41), and an inner ring coaxially connected via less than five support rods; the inner ring is assembled and connected to the spiked roller (42).

9. A portable rice-wheat combine harvester as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The vertical rod (26) is provided with a plurality of through holes for adjusting the height of the ear-moving shaft (22); the ear-moving shaft (22) is detachably and rotatably connected to the two vertical rods (26) via two through holes at the same height.

10. The portable rice-wheat combine harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that: The backpack-type negative pressure storage mechanism comprises a backpack-type storage portion (81) and a delivery hose (82); a negative pressure fan is arranged in the backpack-type storage portion (81), so that the interior of the backpack-type storage portion (81) is in a negative pressure state; one end of the delivery hose (82) is connected to the backpack-type storage portion (81), and the other end is connected to the delivery bin (52).

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