Ecological restoration system for erosion gully slope in cultivated land

Abstract

The utility model discloses an ecological restoration system for erosion gully slopes in cultivated land, which relates to the technical field of ecological restoration and comprises two groups of gully slopes. Water in cultivated land can be intercepted through the ditch bank drainage ridge and flows to the downstream of the ditch along the ditch bank drainage ridge, water in the cultivated land is prevented from entering the ditch, water and soil loss of the ditch slope can be reduced through the alfalfa and undershrub planting layer, the situation that a large amount of soil is accumulated in the ditch slope and a riverbed is raised due to the fact that the ditch slope erodes silt is avoided, and the riverbed is protected. The wicker hedge at the bottom of the ditch slope can greatly enhance the mechanical stability of the ditch slope and further prevent the ditch slope from collapsing or sliding, the mortar masonry check dam can deposit silt and lift an erosion datum plane to stabilize the ditch slope, and the gabion check dam arranged on the downstream of the mortar masonry check dam can intercept the silt and has the functions of permeating water and reducing runoff energy. The two are matched for use, so that nutrients in silt can be effectively retained, the willow piles in the willow pile planting layer in the ditch grow, and water flow is prevented from cutting the ditch bottom downwards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration system for eroded gullies and slopes in cultivated land. Background Art

[0002] Erosion gullies occur when intermittent surface currents cause the soil on the slope to be locally cut down and gradually expand to form a U- or V-shaped terrain in cross section. They are a concrete manifestation of severe soil erosion and have become a major threat to farmland damage and land degradation.

[0003] The gullies in the Northeast Black Soil Region are mainly distributed on cultivated land. Although cultivated land accounts for only 30% of the total area of ​​the Northeast Black Soil Region, it concentrates nearly 3 / 4 of the gullies, reaching 494,800. The number, length and area of ​​cultivated land gullies account for 74.22%, 70.74% and 69.11% of the gullies in the Northeast Black Soil Region, respectively. On average, there are about 1.45 gullies per square kilometer of cultivated land. The cultivated land gullies in the Northeast Black Soil Region directly occupy 4.1772 million mu of cultivated land. Among the cultivated land gullies, the developmental gullies account for 90%. There are 450,100 developmental gullies in cultivated land, accounting for 90.97% of the total number of cultivated land gullies. How to effectively control the gullies in cultivated land has become a major problem facing the black soil region. At present, the methods for preventing and controlling large-scale gullies in cultivated land include gully bank slope cutting and land preparation, horizontal terrace land preparation combined with afforestation and closure, mortar-stone waterfall / valley, willow waterfall / valley, ecological bag waterfall / valley + slope cutting and afforestation mode, straw landfill and greening mode, etc. These technologies have been widely used in gully management, and are ideal for the management of gully head parts, but the harm of gully erosion is mainly reflected in the gully channel section. These measures face many problems in the management of gully channel sections, such as gully bank slope cutting and land preparation will lead to the disappearance of farmland on both sides of the gully bank, and land users strongly oppose such measures; engineering measures such as mortar-stone waterfall / valley do not meet the current goals and needs of ecological management; vegetation-based management modes such as willow waterfall / valley, ecological bag waterfall / valley + slope cutting and afforestation mode are difficult to be effective in the year of management, and the results will only be shown after 1-2 seasons of plant growth. These problems are difficult to solve in the current gully management process. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a management model for the gully channel part of gully erosion in the black soil cultivated land in Northeast China to meet the current black soil gully management needs. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, a system for ecological restoration of gully slopes in cultivated land is provided. This technical solution solves the problems of gully management proposed in the above background technology that the land occupation by slope cutting, gully bank erosion and slow vegetation management are not taken into consideration.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0006] An ecological restoration system for eroded gullies and slopes in cultivated land, comprising gullies and slopes, wherein the gullies and slopes are provided in two groups, and a channel is formed between the two groups of gullies and slopes;

[0007] Among them, a ditch bank drainage ridge is stacked on the top of the ditch slope, a planting layer of alfalfa and small shrubs is paved on the inclined surface of the ditch slope, a willow hedge is set on the inclined surface of the ditch slope, and the alfalfa and small shrub planting layer extends to the outside of the willow hedge, the ditch is built with a gabion valley arch, a mortar-laid stone valley arch is set on the front side of the gabion valley arch, the mortar-laid stone valley arch is built in the ditch, and the ditch is paved with a willow pile planting layer.

[0008] Preferably, the density of the ditch bank drainage ridge is greater than 1.7g / cm 3 The height of the ditch bank drainage ridge is 40-50 cm, the width of the ditch bank drainage ridge is 20 cm-40 cm, and agricultural plastic cloth is laid on the ditch bank drainage ridge as a filter layer to prevent water from seeping into the ditch slope and channel.

[0009] Preferably, the spacing between rows of small shrubs in the alfalfa and small shrub planting layer is 50 cm to 80 cm, the alfalfa sowing rate in the alfalfa and small shrub planting layer is 45 kg / ha, and the sowing depth is 2 cm to 3 cm.

[0010] Preferably, the willow stakes in the willow hedge have a diameter greater than 5 cm and are densely planted side by side.

[0011] Preferably, the foundation of the mortar-laid stone valley arch is 1.5m deep below the ditch, the straight-line distance between the top of the mortar-laid stone valley arch and the top of the ditch slope is 1.5m to 2.0m, and the mortar-laid stone valley arch blocks sand and raises the ditch bottom to a height of 1.5m to 2.0m.

[0012] Preferably, a geotextile is arranged in front of the gabion valley.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides an ecological restoration system for eroded gullies and slopes in cultivated land, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] The utility model is provided with a ditch bank drainage ridge, alfalfa and small shrub planting layer on the ditch slope, a willow plant hedge at the bottom of the ditch slope, a gabion valley and a mortar-laid stone valley arranged in the ditch. The ditch bank drainage ridge can intercept water in cultivated land and make it flow to the downstream of the ditch along the ditch bank drainage ridge to prevent water in cultivated land from entering the ditch; the alfalfa and small shrub planting layer can reduce soil and water loss on the ditch slope, prevent ditch slope erosion and sediment accumulation of a large amount of soil in the ditch, and raise the riverbed; the willow plant hedge at the bottom of the ditch slope can greatly enhance the mechanical stability of the ditch slope and further prevent the ditch slope from collapsing or landslide; the mortar-laid stone valley can make sediment deposit, raise the erosion base level and stabilize the ditch slope; the gabion valley arranged downstream thereof can intercept sediment and has the function of permeable and reducing runoff energy; the two can be used in combination to effectively intercept nutrients in sediment and make willow stakes in the willow stake planting layer in the ditch grow, improve the stability of the ditch slope, and hinder water flow from cutting into the ditch bottom. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a rear view of the utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 It is a top view of the utility model.

[0017] The numbers in the figure are:

[0018] 1. Ditch slope; 2. Ditch; 3. Ditch bank drainage ridge; 4. Alfalfa and small shrub planting layer; 5. Willow plant hedge; 6. Gabion valley; 7. Mortar-laid stone valley; 8. Willow stake planting layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following description is used to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are only examples, and those skilled in the art may think of other obvious variations.

[0020] Reference Figure 1-2 As shown, an ecological restoration system for eroded gullies and slopes in cultivated land includes gullies and slopes 1, wherein the gullies and slopes 1 are provided with two groups, and a gully 2 is formed between the two groups of gullies and slopes 1;

[0021] The top of the ditch slope 1 is stacked with a ditch bank drainage ridge 3, and the density of the ditch bank drainage ridge 3 is greater than 1.7g / cm 3 The height of the ditch bank drainage ridge 3 is 40-50cm, and the width of the ditch bank drainage ridge 3 is 20cm-40cm. The ditch bank drainage ridge 3 is paved with agricultural plastic cloth as a filter layer to prevent water from seeping into the ditch slope 1 and the ditch 2. After the cultivated land water flows down the slope, it flows along the edge of the ditch bank drainage ridge 3 toward the downstream direction of the ditch 2. The soil of the ditch bank drainage ridge 3 is taken from the original site, but it needs to be compacted to avoid collapse;

[0022] The slope of the ditch slope 1 is paved with an alfalfa and small shrub planting layer 4. The ditch slope 1 is relatively steep. A hook machine is used to level the slope. Then, alfalfa or a mixed sowing method of orchard grass: reed fescue: cattail grass: alfalfa = 1:1:1:1 can be sown for slope protection. Small shrubs such as lilac and raspberry can also be planted in combination with alfalfa. The row spacing of small shrubs in the alfalfa and small shrub planting layer 4 is 50 cm to 80 cm. The sowing amount of alfalfa in the alfalfa and small shrub planting layer 4 is 45 kg / ha, and the sowing depth is 2 cm to 3 cm.

[0023] The slope of the ditch slope 1 is provided with a wicker hedge 5, in which the diameter of the willow stakes in the wicker hedge 5 is greater than 5 cm, and they are densely planted side by side and stabilized with a crossbeam. The alfalfa and small shrub planting layer 4 extends to the outside of the wicker hedge 5. The ditch 2 is built with a gabion valley 6, and the overflow of the mortar-laid stone valley 7 gradually accumulates. If the flow is too large, it is easy to cause the bottom of the ditch to be cut down, destroying the normal growth of the willow stakes at the bottom of the ditch. Therefore, a gabion valley 6 is built at the place where the gradient of the ditch 2 is the largest, and a geotextile is laid in front of the gabion valley 6. A mortar-laid stone valley 7 is set in front of the gabion valley 6. The mortar-laid stone valley 7 is built at the bottom of the ditch 2. After the mortar-laid stone valley 7 is built, the upstream water can be directly intercepted in front, and the sediment is gradually deposited, and the runoff overflows through the dam top and flows downstream. The bottom of the ditch gradually rises due to silt deposition, the ditch slope 1 becomes shorter accordingly, the slope of the ditch bank becomes relatively smaller, and the ditch slope 1 gradually stabilizes. Since the deposited silt is rich in nutrients, the foundation of the mortar-laid stone valley arch 7 penetrates 1.5m below the ditch 2, and the straight-line distance between the top of the mortar-laid stone valley arch 7 and the top of the ditch slope 1 is 1.5m to 2.0m. The mortar-laid stone valley arch 7 blocks sand and raises the ditch bottom height to 1.5m to 2.0m. The ditch 2 is paved with a willow pile planting layer 8.

[0024] The above shows and describes the basic principle, main features and advantages of the utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that the utility model is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and the specification only describe the principles of the utility model. The utility model may be subject to various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model. These changes and improvements fall within the scope of the utility model to be protected. The scope of protection claimed by the utility model is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration system for gully and slope erosion in cultivated land, characterized in that: It includes a ditch slope, wherein the ditch slope is provided in two groups, and a ditch is formed between the two groups of ditch slopes; Among them, a ditch bank drainage ridge is stacked on the top of the ditch slope, a planting layer of alfalfa and small shrubs is paved on the inclined surface of the ditch slope, a willow hedge is set on the inclined surface of the ditch slope, and the alfalfa and small shrub planting layer extends to the outside of the willow hedge, the ditch is built with a gabion valley arch, a mortar-laid stone valley arch is set on the front side of the gabion valley arch, the mortar-laid stone valley arch is built in the ditch, and the ditch is paved with a willow pile planting layer.

2. The ecological restoration system for gully and slope erosion in cultivated land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density of the ditch bank drainage ridge is greater than 1.7g / cm 3 The height of the ditch bank drainage ridge is 40-50 cm, the width of the ditch bank drainage ridge is 40-50 cm, and agricultural plastic cloth is laid on the ditch bank drainage ridge as a filter layer to prevent water from seeping into the ditch slope and channel.

3. The ecological restoration system for gully and slope erosion in cultivated land according to claim 1 is characterized by: The spacing between the small shrubs in the alfalfa and small shrub planting layer is 50 cm to 80 cm, the alfalfa sowing rate in the alfalfa and small shrub planting layer is 45 kg / ha, and the sowing depth is 2 cm to 3 cm.

4. The ecological restoration system for gully and slope erosion in cultivated land according to claim 1 is characterized by: The diameter of the willow stakes in the willow hedge is greater than 5 cm and they are densely planted side by side.

5. The ecological restoration system for gully and slope erosion in cultivated land according to claim 1 is characterized by: The foundation of the mortar-laid stone valley arch is 1.5m deep below the ditch, the straight-line distance between the top of the mortar-laid stone valley arch and the top of the ditch slope is 1.5m to 2.0m, and the mortar-laid stone valley arch blocks sand and raises the ditch bottom to a height of 1.5m to 2.0m.

6. The ecological restoration system for gully and slope erosion in cultivated land according to claim 1, characterized in that: A geotextile is arranged in front of the gabion valley.

Images