Lithium ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a lithium ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system, and belongs to the technical field of waste lithium ion battery recovery. The lithium ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system comprises an electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device, a secondary combustion chamber and a waste gas treatment device which are connected in sequence. The technical problems that a conventional lithium ion battery pyrolysis carbonization process is large in waste gas generation amount and poor in treatment effect are solved or at least partially solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of waste lithium-ion battery recycling, and in particular to a lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system. Background Art

[0002] With the development of science and technology, the lithium-ion battery industry has become one of the high-tech industries supported by various countries. However, the treatment of waste products and production waste generated by the lithium-ion battery industry has also become a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently for the clean production of the lithium-ion battery industry. Waste lithium-ion batteries are typical solid wastes. Their resource utilization can not only solve the environmental problems caused by waste lithium-ion batteries, but also alleviate the shortage of metal resources and promote the sustainable development of the battery industry.

[0003] Lithium-ion battery recycling and processing is divided into two major technologies: front-end disassembly and sorting and back-end wet extraction. Material pyrolysis and carbonization is the core technology of the front-end disassembly and sorting. Since the active substances and current collectors of the materials that have been mechanically crushed and sorted are still connected together, and the electrolyte is also mixed with the materials, carbonization can decompose and gasify the binders and electrolytes in the battery components, avoiding the pollution of the electrolyte to the environment, and is also conducive to the separation of active substances and current collectors.

[0004] Conventional lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization mostly uses a rotary kiln to carbonize the material, and uses natural gas, coal, oil, etc. to heat the rotary kiln. However, the overall process has the problem of large amount of waste gas generated and poor treatment effect.

[0005] The above contents are only used to assist in understanding the technical solution of the present application and do not constitute an admission that the above contents are prior art. Utility Model Content

[0006] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system, aiming to solve or at least partially solve the technical problems of conventional lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization processes, such as large amount of waste gas generated and poor treatment effect.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, an embodiment of the present application provides a lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system, which includes: an electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device, a secondary combustion chamber, and an exhaust gas treatment device connected in sequence.

[0008] Optionally, the lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system further includes: a dust collector respectively connected to the secondary combustion chamber and the exhaust gas treatment device.

[0009] Optionally, the lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system further includes: a steam boiler respectively connected to the dust collector and the exhaust gas treatment device.

[0010] Optionally, the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device comprises: a plurality of pyrolysis furnaces connected in sequence, and the pyrolysis gas outlet of each of the pyrolysis furnaces is connected to the secondary combustion chamber via a gas pipeline.

[0011] Optionally, a plurality of pyrolysis zones are provided in each of the pyrolysis furnaces, and at least one electromagnetic heating device is provided in each of the pyrolysis zones.

[0012] Optionally, each of the pyrolysis furnaces is provided with a spiral stirring propeller for stirring the material in the pyrolysis furnace.

[0013] Optionally, the pyrolysis furnaces are placed correspondingly up and down and are connected in sequence from top to bottom.

[0014] Optionally, the feed inlet of the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device is provided with a first gate valve and a first nitrogen purge solenoid valve.

[0015] Optionally, the discharge port of the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device is provided with a second plug valve, a flap valve and a second nitrogen purge solenoid valve.

[0016] Optionally, the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device further includes: a temperature meter and an oxygen meter.

[0017] The present application discloses a lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system, including: an electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device, a secondary combustion chamber and an exhaust gas treatment device connected in sequence. The electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device is used to perform overall pyrolysis on the waste lithium-ion battery materials that have been mechanically crushed and sorted, so that the electrolyte, diaphragm and other materials in the materials are pyrolyzed, thereby separating the constituent materials of the lithium battery. At the same time, the metals and their compounds in the lithium battery can also be oxidized, reduced and decomposed, which is beneficial for subsequent recycling; and the use of electromagnetic heating to replace traditional fuel (for example, natural gas, coal, oil, etc.) combustion for heating has the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection and safety, and can effectively reduce the exhaust gas generated by fuel combustion. The secondary combustion chamber can receive the exhaust gas from the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device and perform secondary combustion, and fully burn and decompose the unburned harmful substances in the exhaust gas in the secondary combustion chamber. The waste gas after secondary combustion is then introduced into the waste gas treatment device, and harmful substances in the waste gas, such as sulfides, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, etc., are effectively removed through technologies such as adsorption, catalytic combustion, and wet scrubbing; thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving the production environment, and achieving effective treatment of waste gas in the pyrolysis and carbonization process of lithium-ion batteries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a system framework of a lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 Another schematic diagram of the system framework of the lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0022] Label name Label name 10 Electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 110 Pyrolysis furnace 111 Pyrolysis gas outlet 112 Electromagnetic heating device 113 Spiral stirring propeller 114 Feed port 115 Discharge port 120 Gas pipeline 130 Thermometer 140 Oxygen meter 20 Secondary combustion chamber 30 Exhaust gas treatment device 40 dust collector 50 Steam Boiler

[0023] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0025] Below, the embodiments of the lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system of the present application are specifically disclosed with appropriate reference to the accompanying drawings. However, there may be cases where unnecessary detailed descriptions are omitted. For example, there are cases where detailed descriptions of well-known matters and repeated descriptions of actually the same structures are omitted. This is to avoid the following description from becoming unnecessarily lengthy and to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art. In addition, the drawings and the following descriptions are provided for those skilled in the art to fully understand the present application and are not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

[0026] "Scope" disclosed in the present application is limited in the form of lower limit and upper limit, and a given range is limited by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundary of a special range. The scope limited in this way can be including end values ​​or not including end values, and can be arbitrarily combined, that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a scope. For example, if the scope of 60-120 and 80-110 is listed for a specific parameter, it is understood that the scope of 60-110 and 80-120 is also expected. In addition, if the minimum range values ​​1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range values ​​3, 4 and 5 are listed, the following scope can be all expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5. In the present application, unless otherwise specified, the numerical range "ab" represents the abbreviation of any real number combination between a and b, wherein a and b are real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0-5" means that all real numbers between "0-5" are listed in this document, and "0-5" is just an abbreviation of these numerical combinations. In addition, when a parameter is expressed as an integer ≥ 2, it is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0029] If there is no special explanation, all steps of the present application can be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), which means that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or may include steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, the method may further include step (c), which means that step (c) may be added to the method in any order. For example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), or may include steps (a), (c) and (b), or may include steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0030] If there is no special explanation, the "include" and "comprising" mentioned in this application are open-ended or closed-ended. For example, the "include" and "comprising" may mean that other components not listed may also be included or only the listed components may be included or only the listed components may be included.

[0031] If not specifically stated, in this application, the term "or" is inclusive. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B". More specifically, any of the following conditions satisfies the condition "A or B": A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); or both A and B are true (or exist).

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solution of the present application is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, the present application is not limited to the listed embodiments, and should also include any other known changes within the scope of the rights claimed in the present application.

[0033] First, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present application. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0034] The present application provides a lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present application, refer to Figure 1The lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system includes: an electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10, a secondary combustion chamber 20 and an exhaust gas treatment device 30 connected in sequence.

[0036] The electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10 is used to perform overall pyrolysis on the waste lithium-ion battery materials that have been mechanically crushed and sorted, so as to pyrolyze the electrolyte, diaphragm and other materials in the materials, thereby separating the constituent materials of the lithium battery. At the same time, the metals and their compounds in the lithium battery can be oxidized, reduced and decomposed, which is beneficial for subsequent recycling. Non-metallic materials such as diaphragms are treated in a pollution-free manner after carbonization.

[0037] The secondary combustion chamber 20 is used for performing secondary combustion on the waste gas generated during the pyrolysis and carbonization process of the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10, so as to fully burn and decompose the unburned harmful substances in the waste gas.

[0038] The waste gas treatment device 30 is used to treat harmful substances in the waste gas after secondary combustion so that the waste gas meets the emission standards. The treatment methods may include: adsorption, catalytic combustion, wet scrubbing, etc., so as to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the production environment.

[0039] Optionally, the lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system further includes a feeding system, which is connected to the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10 and is used to transport materials to the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10. The materials may be waste lithium-ion batteries that have been mechanically crushed and sorted.

[0040] Optionally, the feeding system includes: a storage box and a conveyor; the conveyor is connected to the storage box and the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10 respectively, and is used to transport the material stored in the storage box to the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10.

[0041] Optionally, the conveyor is a belt conveyor; preferably, the conveyor is an L-shaped belt conveyor; while meeting the material transportation requirements, the belt length is shortened, thereby shortening the site area and avoiding the occurrence of conveyor belt deviation.

[0042] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10 is used to perform overall pyrolysis on the waste lithium-ion battery materials that have been mechanically crushed and sorted, so that the electrolyte, diaphragm and other materials in the materials are pyrolyzed, thereby separating the constituent materials of the lithium battery, and at the same time, the metals and their compounds in the lithium battery can be oxidized, reduced and decomposed, which is conducive to subsequent recovery; and the use of electromagnetic heating to replace the traditional fuel (for example, natural gas, coal, oil, etc.) combustion and heating has the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, and safety, and can effectively reduce the exhaust gas generated by fuel combustion. The secondary combustion chamber 20 can receive the exhaust gas from the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10 and perform secondary combustion, and fully burn and decompose the unburned harmful substances in the exhaust gas in the secondary combustion chamber 20. The exhaust gas after secondary combustion is then introduced into the exhaust gas treatment device 30, and the harmful substances in the exhaust gas, such as sulfides, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, etc., are effectively removed through technologies such as adsorption, catalytic combustion, and wet scrubbing; thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving the production environment, and realizing the effective treatment of exhaust gas in the lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization process.

[0043] In one possible implementation, referring to Figure 2 The lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system further includes: a dust collector 40 connected to the secondary combustion chamber 20 and the exhaust gas treatment device 30 respectively.

[0044] The dust collector 40 is used to receive the exhaust gas from the secondary combustion chamber 20 and separate dust, particulate matter, harmful gases, etc. by filtering, adsorption, static charge, etc. to achieve dust removal. At the same time, the dust collector 40 can collect black powder entrained in the exhaust gas, improve the black powder recovery rate in lithium-ion battery recovery, and reduce the tail gas (exhaust gas) treatment pressure.

[0045] In one possible implementation, referring to Figure 2 The lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system further includes: a steam boiler 50 connected to the dust collector 40 and the exhaust gas treatment device 30 respectively.

[0046] The steam boiler 50 is used for energy conversion and utilizes the waste heat of the exhaust gas for heating, thereby generating hot water and steam for production and daily use. At the same time, the steam boiler 50 can also effectively reduce the temperature of the pyrolysis gas (exhaust gas), which is beneficial for subsequent exhaust gas treatment.

[0047] In one possible implementation, referring to Figure 3 The electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10 includes: a plurality of pyrolysis furnaces 110 connected in sequence, and the material is carbonized evenly by setting up the plurality of pyrolysis furnaces 110; the pyrolysis gas outlet 111 of each pyrolysis furnace 110 is connected to the secondary combustion chamber 20 through a gas pipeline 120, so that the pyrolysis gas (waste gas) generated during the pyrolysis and carbonization process is discharged into the secondary combustion chamber 20.

[0048] Preferably, the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10 includes two connected pyrolysis furnaces 110 .

[0049] In one possible implementation, referring to Figure 3 , each of the pyrolysis furnaces 110 is provided with a plurality of pyrolysis zones, and each of the pyrolysis zones is provided with at least one electromagnetic heating device 112. By arranging a plurality of electromagnetic heating devices 112 in different zones, the temperature of different layers and zones in the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10 can be controlled in sections, so that the material is evenly heated in the furnace to avoid uneven carbonization. Among them, the gasification temperature of the material can be adjusted in real time by zones and layers within 100 to 550°C, and the pyrolysis time can be adjusted in layers within 40 to 70 minutes by adjusting the operating speed.

[0050] In one possible implementation, referring to Figure 3 Each of the pyrolysis furnaces 110 is provided with a spiral stirring paddle 113 for stirring the material in the pyrolysis furnace 110 and conveying the material in the furnace.

[0051] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic heating device 112 and the pyrolysis furnace 110 are effectively combined, so that the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10 has the advantages of fast electromagnetic heating rate, high efficiency, low loss, convenient operation, and precise temperature control; and the spiral stirring paddle 113 ensures full contact between the material and the heat transfer surface, realizes full tumbling of the material and full pyrolysis reaction, and can achieve the cleanliness of the heat exchange surface of the pyrolysis furnace 110, prevent thermal hysteresis caused by coking, and ensure its heat transfer efficiency.

[0052] In one possible implementation, referring to Figure 3 The pyrolysis furnaces 110 are placed correspondingly up and down and connected in sequence from top to bottom. The material enters the furnace from the feed port 114 of the top pyrolysis furnace 110, and after being pyrolyzed in the first layer of pyrolysis furnaces 110, it enters the next layer of pyrolysis furnaces 110 to continue pyrolysis until it is discharged from the discharge port 115 of the last layer of pyrolysis furnaces 110, achieving uniform pyrolysis and carbonization.

[0053] In a feasible implementation manner, the feed inlet 114 of the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10 is provided with a first gate valve (not shown in the drawings) and a first nitrogen purge electromagnetic valve (not shown in the drawings).

[0054] The first gate valve is used to control the flow and direction of the material.

[0055] The first nitrogen purge solenoid valve is used to control the oxygen content in the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10 .

[0056] In a feasible implementation manner, the discharge port 115 of the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10 is provided with a second plug valve (not shown in the drawings), a flap valve (not shown in the drawings) and a second nitrogen purge solenoid valve (not shown in the drawings).

[0057] The second gate valve is used to control the flow and direction of the material.

[0058] The second nitrogen purge solenoid valve is used to control the oxygen content in the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10 .

[0059] Flap valve, used to control material discharge and prevent leakage.

[0060] In a feasible implementation, the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10 further includes: a temperature meter 130 and an oxygen meter 140. The temperature and oxygen content in the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device 10 are detected in real time by the temperature meter 130 and the oxygen meter 140 to ensure that the oxygen content is less than or equal to 5%.

[0061] The above description is only an optional embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present application specification and drawings under the utility model concept of the present application, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system, characterized in that: The lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system comprises: an electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device, a secondary combustion chamber and an exhaust gas treatment device connected in sequence; The electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device comprises: a plurality of pyrolysis furnaces connected in sequence, wherein the pyrolysis gas outlet of each pyrolysis furnace is connected to the secondary combustion chamber via a gas pipeline; Each of the pyrolysis furnaces is provided with a plurality of pyrolysis zones, and each of the pyrolysis zones is provided with at least one electromagnetic heating device; The secondary combustion chamber is used to perform secondary combustion on the waste gas generated during the pyrolysis and carbonization process of the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device; The exhaust gas treatment device is used to treat harmful substances in the exhaust gas after secondary combustion, wherein the harmful substance treatment includes: adsorption, catalytic combustion or wet scrubbing.

2. The lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system further includes: a dust collector connected to the secondary combustion chamber and the exhaust gas treatment device respectively.

3. The lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system further includes: a steam boiler connected to the dust collector and the exhaust gas treatment device respectively.

4. The lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the pyrolysis furnaces is provided with a spiral stirring paddle for stirring the materials in the pyrolysis furnace.

5. The lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pyrolysis furnaces are placed correspondingly up and down and are connected in sequence from top to bottom.

6. The lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed inlet of the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device is provided with a first gate valve and a first nitrogen purge electromagnetic valve.

7. The lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge port of the electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device is provided with a second plug valve, a flap valve and a second nitrogen purge electromagnetic valve.

8. The lithium-ion battery pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic heating pyrolysis device also includes a temperature meter and an oxygen meter.

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