Aluminum electrolysis cell

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, in particular to an aluminum electrolysis cell. The aluminum electrolysis cell comprises a cell bottom plate, a vermiculite heat preservation layer and an impermeable layer. An opening is formed in the top of the tank bottom plate, and the tank bottom plate is used for surrounding a hearth containing electrolyte; the vermiculite heat preservation layer and the impermeable layer are laid at the bottom in the trough bottom plate, and the impermeable layer is laid on the vermiculite heat preservation layer. The aluminum electrolysis cell comprises the cell bottom plate, the vermiculite heat preservation layer and the impermeable layer, the cell bottom plate serves as a bottom plate of the aluminum electrolysis cell to form a hearth, the impermeable layer can prevent electrolyte in the aluminum electrolysis cell from leaking, and the vermiculite heat preservation layer is used for heat preservation. The heat-insulating layer of the aluminum electrolysis cell adopts the vermiculite heat-insulating layer, so that the aluminum leakage phenomenon of the aluminum electrolysis cell can be effectively reduced, the temperature of the shell of the aluminum electrolysis cell is reduced, the heat balance in the cell is better maintained, the heat-insulating property and the heat-insulating stability of the aluminum electrolysis cell in the service life are basically unchanged, the production stability is improved, and energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, in particular to an aluminum electrolysis cell. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum electrolysis cells are equipment used in aluminum electrolysis processes and are one of the core equipment in aluminum electrolysis production. Aluminum electrolysis cells are mainly used to convert aluminum ore (such as alumina) into liquid aluminum by electrolysis in an electrolyte. The electrolytic cell includes a cathode and an anode, and an electrolyte path is established between the two electrodes through an electrolyte (usually molten aluminum fluoride salt). Under the action of electric current, aluminum ions are released from the anode and reduced to solid aluminum at the cathode.

[0003] The existing aluminum electrolytic cells use clay insulation bricks as the insulation layer for insulation, but such insulation layer lacks resistance to electrolyte and sodium vapor corrosion at high temperatures, and has low compressive strength, which is not conducive to stable production and it is difficult to maintain the energy balance inside the electrolytic cell. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the utility model is to provide an aluminum electrolytic cell to solve the problems in the prior art that the insulation layer lacks resistance to electrolyte and sodium vapor erosion at high temperatures, has low compressive strength, is not conducive to stable production, and is difficult to maintain energy balance inside the electrolytic cell.

[0005] The utility model discloses an aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising a cell bottom plate, a vermiculite insulation layer and an anti-seepage layer; the top of the cell bottom plate is provided with an opening, and the cell bottom plate is used to surround a furnace containing electrolyte; the vermiculite insulation layer and the anti-seepage layer are laid on the bottom of the cell bottom plate, and the anti-seepage layer is laid on the vermiculite insulation layer.

[0006] Optionally, the vermiculite insulation layer includes a high-density vermiculite insulation layer and a low-density vermiculite insulation layer, the anti-seepage layer is laid on the high-density vermiculite insulation layer, and the high-density vermiculite insulation layer is laid on the low-density vermiculite insulation layer; the density of the high-density vermiculite insulation layer is greater than that of the low-density vermiculite insulation layer.

[0007] Optionally, the aluminum electrolysis cell further includes a calcium silicate layer, and the low-density vermiculite insulation layer is laid on the calcium silicate layer.

[0008] Optionally, the aluminum electrolysis cell further includes a nano thermal insulation layer or a ceramic fiber layer, and the calcium silicate layer is laid on the nano thermal insulation layer or the ceramic fiber layer.

[0009] Optionally, the aluminum electrolysis cell further includes a cathode, which is disposed on the impermeable layer; a cathode steel rod is disposed on the cathode, a first opening is provided on the aluminum electrolysis cell, and the cathode steel rod passes through the first opening and is led out of the aluminum electrolysis cell.

[0010] Optionally, the density of the high-density vermiculite insulation layer is 1150-1250 kg / m3 ; The density of low-density vermiculite insulation layer is 475~510Kg / m 3 .

[0011] Optionally, the length and width of the high-density vermiculite insulation layer and the low-density vermiculite insulation layer are 1000mmx600mm, and the thickness is 20mm-100mm.

[0012] Optionally, the thickness of the calcium silicate layer is 50 mm to 80 mm.

[0013] Optionally, the anti-seepage layer is a dry anti-seepage material or an anti-seepage brick, and the thickness of the anti-seepage layer is greater than 180 mm.

[0014] Optionally, the aluminum electrolytic cell includes side plates surrounding the cell bottom plate, and the inner side walls of the side plates are sequentially covered with a first insulation layer and an anti-corrosion layer, and the first insulation layer is a nano insulation layer, a ceramic fiber layer or a vermiculite insulation layer.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the aluminum electrolytic cell provided by the embodiment of the utility model has the following beneficial effects: the aluminum electrolytic cell of the utility model includes a cell bottom plate, a vermiculite insulation layer and an impermeable layer, wherein the cell bottom plate is used as the bottom plate of the aluminum electrolytic cell to form a furnace, the impermeable layer can prevent the electrolyte in the aluminum electrolytic cell from leaking, and the vermiculite insulation layer is used for heat preservation. The insulation layer of the aluminum electrolytic cell of the utility model adopts a vermiculite insulation layer, which has good resistance to electrolyte and sodium vapor corrosion, and very good heat insulation and thermal insulation performance. This characteristic can well meet the working requirements of the inner lining of the electrolytic cell, effectively reduce the aluminum leakage phenomenon of the aluminum electrolytic cell, reduce the outer shell temperature of the aluminum electrolytic cell, better maintain the heat balance in the cell, ensure that the insulation performance and insulation stability of the aluminum electrolytic cell remain basically unchanged during its service life, improve production stability, and save energy and reduce consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The technical solution of the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an aluminum electrolytic cell according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0018] The reference numerals in the figures are:

[0019] 1. Trough bottom plate; 11. First opening; 2. Vermiculite insulation layer; 21. High-density vermiculite insulation layer; 22. Low-density vermiculite insulation layer; 3. Anti-seepage layer; 4. Calcium silicate layer; 5. Nano insulation layer; 6. Cathode; 7. Anti-corrosion layer; 8. First insulation layer; 9. Side plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. Now, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, a preferred embodiment of the present utility model is described in detail.

[0021] The utility model embodiment provides an aluminum electrolysis cell, such as Figure 1 As shown, the aluminum electrolytic cell includes a cell bottom plate 1, a vermiculite insulation layer 2 and an anti-seepage layer 3; the cell bottom plate 1 has an opening at the top, and the cell bottom plate 1 is used to enclose a furnace containing electrolyte; the vermiculite insulation layer 2 and the anti-seepage layer 3 are laid on the bottom of the cell bottom plate 1, and the anti-seepage layer 3 is laid on the vermiculite insulation layer 2.

[0022] The aluminum electrolytic cell of the utility model comprises a cell bottom plate 1, a vermiculite insulation layer 2 and an impermeable layer 3, wherein the cell bottom plate 1 is the bottom plate of the aluminum electrolytic cell to form a furnace, the impermeable layer 3 can prevent the electrolyte in the aluminum electrolytic cell from leaking, and the vermiculite insulation layer 2 is used for heat preservation. The insulation layer of the aluminum electrolytic cell of the utility model adopts the vermiculite insulation layer 2, which has good resistance to electrolyte and sodium vapor corrosion, and very good heat insulation performance. This characteristic can well meet the working requirements of the electrolytic cell lining, can effectively reduce the aluminum leakage phenomenon of the aluminum electrolytic cell, reduce the shell temperature of the aluminum electrolytic cell, better maintain the heat balance in the cell, ensure that the insulation performance and insulation stability of the aluminum electrolytic cell remain basically unchanged during the service life, improve production stability and save energy and reduce consumption. Specifically, the cell bottom plate 1 can be a steel plate.

[0023] The vermiculite insulation layer 2 includes a high-density vermiculite insulation layer 21 and a low-density vermiculite insulation layer 22, the anti-seepage layer 3 is laid on the high-density vermiculite insulation layer 21, and the high-density vermiculite insulation layer 21 is laid on the low-density vermiculite insulation layer 22; the density of the high-density vermiculite insulation layer 21 is greater than the density of the low-density vermiculite insulation layer 22. In this solution, the vermiculite insulation layer 2 includes a high-density vermiculite insulation layer 21 and a low-density vermiculite insulation layer 22, wherein the density of the high-density vermiculite insulation layer 21 is greater than the density of the low-density vermiculite insulation layer 22, and the high-density vermiculite insulation layer 21 with a large density is on the low-density vermiculite insulation layer 22 with a small density. The high-density vermiculite insulation layer 21 located at the upper layer with a higher density can resist the corrosion of electrolytes and sodium vapor, and can be used to protect the various interlayer materials below while keeping warm, so as to ensure that the insulation performance and insulation stability of the aluminum electrolytic cell remain basically unchanged during its service life, improve production stability and save energy and reduce consumption; the low-density vermiculite insulation layer 22 located at the lower layer with a lower density can further ensure the resistance to electrolyte and sodium vapor corrosion on the premise of the high-density vermiculite insulation layer 21. The high-density vermiculite insulation layer 21 and the low-density vermiculite insulation layer 22 can be a high-density vermiculite insulation board and a low-density vermiculite insulation board.

[0024] The density of the high-density vermiculite insulation layer 21 is 1150-1250 Kg / m 3 , specifically 1150Kg / m 3, 1200Kg / m 3 , 1250Kg / m 3 The density of the low-density vermiculite insulation layer 22 is 475-510 kg / m 3 , specifically 475Kg / m 3 , 480Kg / m 3 、485Kg / m 3 , 490Kg / m 3 , 495Kg / m 3 , 500Kg / m 3 , 505Kg / m 3 , 510Kg / m 3 .

[0025] The length and width of the high-density vermiculite insulation layer 21 and the low-density vermiculite insulation layer 22 are 1000mm x 600mm, and the thickness is 20mm to 100mm. Specifically, the thickness of the high-density vermiculite insulation layer 21 and the low-density vermiculite insulation layer 22 can be 20mm, 40mm, 60mm, 80mm, or 100mm.

[0026] Furthermore, the aluminum electrolytic cell also includes a calcium silicate layer 4, and a low-density vermiculite insulation layer 22 is laid on the calcium silicate layer 4. The calcium silicate layer 4 can further serve as an insulation layer to ensure that the insulation performance and insulation stability of the aluminum electrolytic cell remain basically unchanged during its service life, thereby improving production stability and energy saving and consumption reduction. The calcium silicate layer 4 can be a calcium silicate board. The thickness of the calcium silicate layer 4 is 50 mm to 80 mm, and can specifically be 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm, or 80 mm.

[0027] The aluminum electrolytic cell also includes a nano thermal insulation layer 5 or a ceramic fiber layer, and the calcium silicate layer 4 is laid on the nano thermal insulation layer 5 or the ceramic fiber layer. The nano thermal insulation layer 5 or the ceramic fiber layer can further serve as a thermal insulation layer to ensure that the thermal insulation performance and thermal insulation stability of the aluminum electrolytic cell remain basically unchanged during its service life, thereby improving production stability and energy saving and consumption reduction. The nano thermal insulation layer 5 can be foamed nano silicon dioxide.

[0028] The aluminum electrolytic cell also includes a cathode 6, which is arranged on the impermeable layer 3; a cathode steel rod is arranged on the cathode 6, and a first opening is opened on the aluminum electrolytic cell, and the cathode steel rod passes through the first opening and is led out of the aluminum electrolytic cell. The cathode 6 includes a carbon block and a cathode steel rod arranged in the carbon block, and the first opening facilitates the installation and leading out of the cathode steel rod. Specifically, the first opening is opened on the side plate of the electrolytic cell.

[0029] The anti-seepage layer 3 is a dry anti-seepage material or an anti-seepage brick, and the thickness of the anti-seepage layer 3 is greater than 180 mm. The thickness of the anti-seepage layer 3 is greater than 180 mm, which can ensure that the electrolyte in the aluminum electrolytic cell is not easy to leak.

[0030] The aluminum electrolytic cell includes a side plate 9 surrounded by a bottom plate 1, and a first thermal insulation layer 8 and an anti-corrosion layer 7 are sequentially laid on the inner side wall of the side plate 9, and the anti-corrosion layer 7 can protect the first thermal insulation layer 8. The first thermal insulation layer 8 is a nano thermal insulation layer 5, a ceramic fiber layer or a vermiculite thermal insulation layer 2. The anti-corrosion layer 7 can be a silicon carbonitride brick.

[0031] Specifically, in one practical application, the aluminum electrolytic cell with vermiculite insulation board of the utility model has an average voltage of 46mv compared with the conventional aluminum electrolytic cell; the furnace bottom pressure drop of the aluminum electrolytic cell is 9mv lower than that of the conventional aluminum electrolytic cell; the bottom plate temperature is 17.2°C lower than that of the conventional aluminum electrolytic cell, the cathode steel bar temperature is 19.4°C lower than that of the conventional aluminum electrolytic cell, and the furnace bottom temperature is 4.5°C lower than that of the conventional aluminum electrolytic cell. The AC power consumption of the original aluminum liquid is reduced by 88KA.h / t~AL year-on-year, which is conducive to reducing the aluminum cost, and the aluminum fluoride consumption is also slightly reduced.

[0032] In another practical application, the average voltage of the aluminum electrolytic cell of the utility model is reduced by 100mv compared with the conventional aluminum electrolytic cell, the temperature of the side steel window is reduced by 15°C, the pressure drop at the bottom of the furnace is reduced by 30mV, and the aluminum energy consumption is saved by 320Kwh. The temperature of the heat dissipation position of the bottom plate of the cell is stable and has low variation. The thermal stability of the aluminum electrolytic cell is improved, the service life is extended, and it has a very obvious energy-saving effect.

[0033] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present utility model rather than to limit it. For those skilled in the art, the technical solutions described in the above embodiments can be modified, or some of the technical features therein can be replaced by equivalents; and all these modifications and replacements should fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present utility model.

Claims

1. An aluminum electrolysis cell, characterized in that: It comprises a tank bottom plate, a vermiculite insulation layer and an anti-seepage layer; the top of the tank bottom plate is provided with an opening, and the tank bottom plate is used to surround a furnace containing electrolyte; the vermiculite insulation layer and the anti-seepage layer are laid on the bottom of the tank bottom plate, and the anti-seepage layer is laid on the vermiculite insulation layer.

2. The aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vermiculite insulation layer comprises a high-density vermiculite insulation layer and a low-density vermiculite insulation layer, the anti-seepage layer is laid on the high-density vermiculite insulation layer, and the high-density vermiculite insulation layer is laid on the low-density vermiculite insulation layer; the density of the high-density vermiculite insulation layer is greater than that of the low-density vermiculite insulation layer.

3. The aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The aluminum electrolysis cell also includes a calcium silicate layer, and the low-density vermiculite insulation layer is laid on the calcium silicate layer.

4. The aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The aluminum electrolysis cell further comprises a nano thermal insulation layer or a ceramic fiber layer, and the calcium silicate layer is laid on the nano thermal insulation layer or the ceramic fiber layer.

5. The aluminum electrolysis cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The aluminum electrolysis cell also includes a cathode, which is arranged on the anti-seepage layer; a cathode steel rod is arranged on the cathode, a first opening is opened on the aluminum electrolysis cell, and the cathode steel rod passes through the first opening and is led out of the aluminum electrolysis cell.

6. The aluminum electrolysis cell according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The density of the high-density vermiculite insulation layer is 1150-1250 Kg / m 3 The density of the low-density vermiculite insulation layer is 475-510Kg / m 3 .

7. The aluminum electrolysis cell according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The length and width of the high-density vermiculite insulation layer and the low-density vermiculite insulation layer are 1000mmx600mm, and the thickness is 20mm-100mm.

8. The aluminum electrolysis cell according to any one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the calcium silicate layer is 50 mm to 80 mm.

9. The aluminum electrolysis cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The anti-seepage layer is a dry anti-seepage material or an anti-seepage brick, and the thickness of the anti-seepage layer is greater than 180 mm.

10. The aluminum electrolysis cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The aluminum electrolytic cell comprises a side plate surrounding the cell bottom plate, and a first thermal insulation layer and an anti-corrosion layer are sequentially laid on the inner side wall of the side plate, wherein the first thermal insulation layer is a nano thermal insulation layer, a ceramic fiber layer or a vermiculite thermal insulation layer.

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