Pyrolysis equipment for organic matter in the crushed materials of waste lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a pyrolysis device for organic matter in the crushed material of waste lithium-ion batteries, comprising a combustion chamber and a furnace body with a furnace, the furnace is provided with a feed inlet, a discharge port and a smoke outlet, the combustion chamber is connected with a combustion assembly for generating a hot atmosphere in the combustion chamber, and the furnace is connected with the combustion chamber. The invention has the advantages of high environmental protection, good pyrolysis efficiency, pyrolysis uniformity and pyrolysis sufficiency, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waste battery recycling and processing equipment, and in particular to a pyrolysis device for organic matter in crushed waste lithium-ion batteries. Background Art

[0002] The organic impurities in the electrode materials after the lithium-ion battery is crushed are mainly the electrolyte, binder and diaphragm added during the battery manufacturing process. The function of the battery electrolyte is to achieve ion conduction. The common electrolyte is DMC (dimethyl carbonate) + LiPF6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate). The addition of the binder is to ensure the uniformity and safety of the material during pulping, to play a bonding role between the active material particles, to bond the active material to the current collector, and to facilitate the formation of the SEI film on the surface of the carbon material; commonly used binders are: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyolefins. At present, the commercial lithium-ion battery diaphragm materials are mainly composed of single-layer polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) microporous films and polypropylene / polyethylene / polypropylene (PP / PE / PP) three-layer microporous composite films.

[0003] The electrolyte in waste lithium-ion batteries is difficult to recycle, and the cost is high. It has no recycling value in industry. How to treat it without pollution is a problem that must be solved in industry. At the same time, because the added binder has strong viscosity, the electrode material after crushing is bonded to the current collector. If the binder is not treated, it is not conducive to the subsequent sorting and recycling of materials. The doping of fiber separators will also affect the subsequent sorting, leaching, extraction and other processes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient and environmentally friendly equipment to remove organic matter from the crushed materials. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a pyrolysis device for organic matter in crushed waste lithium-ion batteries with high environmental protection, good pyrolysis efficiency, pyrolysis uniformity and pyrolysis sufficiency.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A pyrolysis device for organic matter in crushed waste lithium-ion batteries comprises a combustion chamber and a furnace body with a furnace, wherein the furnace is provided with a feed inlet, a discharge port and a smoke outlet, the combustion chamber is connected to a combustion component for generating a hot atmosphere in the combustion chamber, and the furnace is communicated with the combustion chamber.

[0007] As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

[0008] The furnace body includes a cylinder, a front end cover and a rear end cover, the cylinder is rotatably mounted on a base frame, and the cylinder is connected to a rotating drive assembly for driving the cylinder to rotate, the front end cover and the rear end cover are fixedly mounted on the base frame, the front end cover and the rear end cover are rotatably connected to the two ends of the cylinder respectively, and the cylinder, the front end cover and the rear end cover form the furnace, the rotation axis of the cylinder is obliquely extended downward from the front end cover to the rear end cover, the feed port is arranged on the front end cover, and the discharge port and the smoke outlet are arranged on the rear end cover.

[0009] The combustion chamber is communicated with the furnace through a communicating hole arranged on the front end cover.

[0010] The angle between the rotation axis of the cylinder and the horizontal plane is 2° to 4°.

[0011] Graphite sealing rings are provided between the front end cover and the cylinder body, and between the rear end cover and the cylinder body.

[0012] The cylinder is rotatably mounted on the base frame via two or more rotating mechanisms, wherein the rotating mechanisms include a roller ring fixedly mounted on the cylinder and two or more rollers rotatably mounted on the base frame, wherein the roller ring is rotatably supported on the two or more rollers; the rotating drive assembly includes a motor and a reducer, wherein the input end of the reducer is connected to the output end of the motor, and the output end of the reducer is connected to one or more rollers of at least one rotating mechanism via a transmission mechanism.

[0013] The cylinder body comprises an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder sleeved outside the inner cylinder, and a heat-insulating layer is filled and arranged between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder.

[0014] An explosion-proof door is arranged on the rear end cover.

[0015] The combustion assembly comprises a burner for mixing natural gas and air and passing them into a combustion chamber for combustion.

[0016] The furnace body is installed in a sealed box, and the sealed box is connected to a negative pressure suction device.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: when the pyrolysis equipment of the present invention is working, the crushed waste lithium-ion batteries are added to the furnace from the feed port, and a hot atmosphere is generated in the combustion chamber by using a combustion component. The hot atmosphere enters the furnace and contacts the crushed materials to pyrolyze the crushed materials. The smoke generated during pyrolysis is discharged through the smoke outlet, and the pyrolyzed materials are discharged through the discharge port. Since the hot atmosphere can fully and evenly contact the crushed materials in the furnace, the pyrolysis efficiency, pyrolysis uniformity and pyrolysis sufficiency of organic matter in the crushed materials can be greatly improved. And the smoke generated during the pyrolysis of the crushed materials can be timely discharged and processed in a centralized manner through the smoke outlet, which is not only beneficial to improving the quality of the crushed materials after pyrolysis, but also beneficial to improving environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the pyrolysis equipment.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the cylinder.

[0020] Legend:

[0021] 1. Combustion chamber; 2. Furnace body; 20. Furnace; 21. Feed inlet; 22. Discharge outlet; 23. Smoke outlet; 201. Cylinder body; 2011. Inner cylinder; 2012. Outer cylinder; 2013. Insulation layer; 202. Front cover; 203. Rear cover; 204. Roller; 205. Roller; 3. Combustion assembly; 4. Base frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the pyrolysis device for organic matter in the crushed waste lithium-ion battery of this embodiment comprises a combustion chamber 1 and a furnace body 2 having a furnace 20, the furnace 20 is provided with a feed port 21, a discharge port 22 and a smoke outlet 23, the combustion chamber 1 is connected with a combustion assembly 3 for generating a hot atmosphere in the combustion chamber 1, and the furnace 20 is in communication with the combustion chamber 1. When the pyrolysis device is in operation, the crushed waste lithium-ion battery is added to the furnace 20 from the feed port 21, and a hot atmosphere is generated in the combustion chamber 1 by the combustion assembly 3. The hot atmosphere enters the furnace 20 and contacts the crushed material to pyrolyze the crushed material, and the smoke generated during the pyrolysis is discharged through the smoke outlet 23, and the pyrolyzed material is discharged through the discharge port 22. Since the hot atmosphere can fully and evenly contact the crushed material in the furnace 20, the pyrolysis efficiency, pyrolysis uniformity and pyrolysis sufficiency of the organic matter in the crushed material can be greatly improved. The flue gas generated during the pyrolysis of the crushed material can be discharged and processed in a timely manner through the flue gas outlet 23, which is not only beneficial to improving the quality of the crushed material after pyrolysis, but also beneficial to improving environmental protection. In addition, the crushed material is processed in the furnace 20 of the furnace body 2, which can reduce heat loss and improve heat utilization.

[0024] In this embodiment, the furnace body 2 includes a cylinder 201, a front cover 202 and a rear cover 203. The cylinder 201 is rotatably mounted on a base frame 4, and the cylinder 201 is connected to a rotation drive assembly for driving the cylinder 201 to rotate. The front cover 202 and the rear cover 203 are fixedly mounted on the base frame 4. The front cover 202 and the rear cover 203 are rotatably connected to the two ends of the cylinder 201, respectively. The cylinder 201, the front cover 202 and the rear cover 203 form a furnace 20. The rotation axis of the cylinder 201 extends downwardly along the direction from the front cover 202 to the rear cover 203. The feed port 21 is provided on the front cover 202, and the discharge port 22 and the smoke outlet 23 are provided on the rear cover 203. This type of furnace body 2 can realize continuous pyrolysis and crushing, greatly improving production efficiency. During operation, the rotating drive assembly drives the barrel 201 to rotate, and the crushed materials are continuously added into the furnace 20 from the feed port 21. The crushed materials slowly move from the feed port 21 to the discharge port 22 in the furnace 20 of the furnace body 2 arranged with the rotating axis tilted, and are continuously discharged from the discharge port 22. Since the combustion chamber 1 continuously passes the hot atmosphere into the furnace 20, the crushed materials are contacted with the hot atmosphere during the movement from the feed port 21 to the discharge port 22 to complete the pyrolysis. In addition, the continuous rotation of the barrel 201 can improve the uniformity of heating the crushed materials.

[0025] In this embodiment, the combustion chamber 1 is connected to the furnace 20 through a connecting hole provided on the front end cover 202, so that the hot atmosphere introduced into the furnace 20 from the combustion chamber 1 will first contact with the crushed materials just entering the furnace 20, and then move along the direction from the front end cover 202 to the rear end cover 203 to gradually contact with the subsequent materials, which can improve the temperature uniformity in the entire furnace 20, and can further improve the pyrolysis efficiency, pyrolysis uniformity and pyrolysis sufficiency.

[0026] In this embodiment, the angle between the rotation axis of the cylinder 201 and the horizontal plane is 2° to 4°, which is conducive to better controlling the movement speed of the crushed materials in the furnace 20.

[0027] In this embodiment, graphite sealing rings are provided between the front end cover 202 and the cylinder 201, as well as between the rear end cover 203 and the cylinder 201. The graphite sealing rings can effectively seal the gap between the front end cover 202 and the cylinder 201, as well as the gap between the rear end cover 203 and the cylinder 201 to prevent leakage of smoke and dust, and have good environmental protection. The graphite sealing rings are resistant to high temperatures and have a long service life.

[0028] In this embodiment, the cylinder 201 is rotatably mounted on the chassis 4 through more than two rotating mechanisms, the rotating mechanism includes a roller 204 fixedly mounted on the cylinder 201 and more than two rollers 205 rotatably mounted on the chassis 4, the roller 204 is rotatably supported on more than two rollers 205, so that the cylinder 201 can rotate on the chassis 4; the rotating drive assembly includes a motor and a reducer, the input end of the reducer is connected to the output end of the motor, the output end of the reducer is connected to more than one roller 205 of at least one rotating mechanism through a transmission mechanism, the torque output by the motor is transmitted to the roller 205 through the reducer and the transmission mechanism, so that the roller 205 rotates, thereby driving the roller 204 and the cylinder 201 to rotate, and the transmission mechanism can be a chain transmission mechanism or a belt transmission mechanism. The rotating mechanism and the rotating drive assembly of this embodiment have the advantages of simple structure, low cost, stable and reliable operation, and simple control.

[0029] In this embodiment, the cylinder 201 includes an inner cylinder 2011 and an outer cylinder 2012 sleeved outside the inner cylinder 2011, and a heat-insulating layer 2013 is filled between the inner cylinder 2011 and the outer cylinder 2012. This type of cylinder 201 solves the problem of too high surface temperature of the furnace body 2, can reduce the temperature of the outer surface of the furnace body 2, and has little impact on the working environment around the pyrolysis equipment. Preferably, the inner cylinder 2011 is made of 310S stainless steel, the outer cylinder 2012 is made of 316L stainless steel, and the heat-insulating layer 2013 is made of heat-insulating cotton. No refractory brick lining is provided in the furnace 20, which can prevent the powder falling off the refractory bricks during the pyrolysis process from affecting the purity of the electrode material.

[0030] In this embodiment, an explosion-proof door is provided on the rear end cover 203. When the pressure in the furnace 20 is too high and exceeds a set pressure value, the explosion-proof door will be opened, thereby providing safety protection.

[0031] In this embodiment, the combustion assembly 3 includes a burner for mixing natural gas and air into the combustion chamber 1 for combustion. After the natural gas and air are mixed and burned, a certain amount of carbon monoxide is generated to form a weakly reducing protective atmosphere, which can keep the phase of the crushed material unchanged during the pyrolysis process and meet the requirements of the pyrolysis of the crushed material. The burner is required to produce a stable flame with a certain wind resistance; high combustion efficiency, the gas can be completely burned, and the heat released by the gas can be fully utilized; and the burner is equipped with necessary automatic adjustment and automatic safety devices.

[0032] In this embodiment, the furnace body 2 is installed in a sealed box, and the sealed box is connected to a negative pressure suction device. The sealed box can prevent smoke and dust from leaking into the external environment during the production process. The smoke and dust in the sealed box can be extracted by the negative pressure suction device for centralized treatment, so as to achieve pollution-free treatment and improve environmental protection. For example, the smoke and dust can be collected to environmental protection equipment and discharged after being treated to meet the standards. The negative pressure suction device adopts existing technology.

[0033] When the pyrolysis equipment of this embodiment is working, the temperature in the furnace 20 is controlled at 400°C to 600°C, and the rotation speed of the barrel 201 of the furnace body 2 is controlled at 1 to 5 r / min, so as to ensure that the residence time of the crushed materials in the furnace 20 is 40 to 70 minutes. Preferably, the pyrolysis equipment is provided with a temperature control device for detecting the temperature in the furnace 20, so as to be able to timely and accurately connect the pyrolysis temperature change of the material in the furnace 20.

[0034] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For those skilled in the art, improvements and changes obtained without departing from the technical concept of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pyrolysis device for organic matter in the crushed materials of waste lithium-ion batteries, characterized in that: Comprising a combustion chamber (1) and a furnace body (2) having a furnace (20), the furnace (20) being provided with a material inlet (21), a material outlet (22) and a smoke outlet (23), the combustion chamber (1) being connected to a combustion assembly (3) for generating a hot atmosphere in the combustion chamber (1), and the furnace (20) being in communication with the combustion chamber (1); The furnace body (2) comprises a cylinder (201), a front end cover (202) and a rear end cover (203); the cylinder (201) is rotatably mounted on a base frame (4); the cylinder (201) is connected to a rotation drive assembly for driving the cylinder (201) to rotate; the front end cover (202) and the rear end cover (203) are fixedly mounted on the base frame (4); the front end cover (202) and the rear end cover (203) correspond to The two ends of the cylinder (201) are connected in a rotatable manner, and the cylinder (201), the front cover (202) and the rear cover (203) enclose the furnace (20), the rotation axis of the cylinder (201) is arranged to extend obliquely downward in a direction from the front cover (202) to the rear cover (203), the feed port (21) is provided on the front cover (202), and the discharge port (22) and the smoke outlet (23) are provided on the rear cover (203); The cylinder (201) comprises an inner cylinder (2011) and an outer cylinder (2012) sleeved outside the inner cylinder (2011); a heat-insulating layer (2013) is filled between the inner cylinder (2011) and the outer cylinder (2012); the inner cylinder (2011) is made of 310S stainless steel, and the outer cylinder (2012) is made of 316L stainless steel; no refractory brick lining is provided in the furnace (20) to prevent powder falling off the refractory bricks during the pyrolysis process from affecting the purity of the electrode material; The combustion assembly (3) comprises a burner for mixing natural gas and air and passing them into the combustion chamber (1) for combustion. After the natural gas and air are mixed and burned, a certain amount of carbon monoxide is generated to form a weakly reducing protective atmosphere, which can prevent the phase of the crushed material from changing during the pyrolysis process, thereby meeting the requirements for pyrolysis of the crushed material. The furnace body (2) is installed in a sealed box, and the sealed box is connected to a negative pressure suction device.

2. The pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion chamber (1) is connected to the furnace (20) via a connecting hole provided on the front end cover (202).

3. The pyrolysis equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the rotation axis of the cylinder (201) and the horizontal plane is 2° to 4°.

4. The pyrolysis equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Graphite sealing rings are provided between the front end cover (202) and the cylinder (201), and between the rear end cover (203) and the cylinder (201).

5. The pyrolysis equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder (201) is rotatably mounted on the base frame (4) via two or more rotating mechanisms, the rotating mechanisms comprising a roller (204) fixedly mounted on the cylinder (201) and two or more rollers (205) rotatably mounted on the base frame (4), the roller (204) being rotatably supported on the two or more rollers (205); the rotating drive assembly comprises a motor and a reducer, the input end of the reducer being connected to the output end of the motor, and the output end of the reducer being connected to one or more rollers (205) of at least one rotating mechanism via a transmission mechanism.

6. The pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end cover (203) is provided with an explosion-proof door.

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