Concealed broken residual ore mining structure and mining method combining off-vein mining, accurate exploration and mining

Abstract

The present invention provides a mining structure and mining method for hidden broken residual ore that combines mining and exploration outside the vein, including ore blocks divided along the residual ore trend, and the ore blocks are divided into two high-sections along the height direction of the ore body in the stage, and pillars are left between the ore blocks; the vein exploration tunnel and the vertical vein exploration tunnel are arranged at the bottom of the ore body along the ore vein trend; the vein transportation tunnel and the mine access road are also arranged at the bottom of the ore body; the high-section rock drilling tunnel is opened in the center of each high-section; the fan-shaped exploration drilling hole is arranged in each high-section rock drilling tunnel, and the exploration drilling hole and the exploration tunnel at the bottom of the ore body form a three-dimensional cross-exploration network. The present invention uses exploration while mining, mining outside the vein, and medium-deep hole directional fine blasting technology to solve the technical problems of low exploration degree of hidden residual ore and broken ore body. Workers always stay away from the exposed surface of the empty area and the broken ore body during the operation, and have the advantages of low resource loss and depletion rate, high safety, and high mining efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a concealed broken residual ore mining structure and a mining method thereof that combines off-vein mining, accurate exploration and mining. Background Art

[0002] Mineral resources are important non-renewable natural resources and the basic material for national economic construction. Their guarantee is related to the long-term stable development of the national economy and national security. my country is one of the few countries in the world with a complete range of mineral resources and rich reserves, but the per capita possession of mineral resources is relatively small. Faced with the huge demand for national economic construction, the contradiction of insufficient mineral resource reserves in my country is becoming increasingly prominent. The Ministry of Land and Resources has listed "saving and intensive use of land and resources" as a core task, promoted and implemented it, and formulated measures and standards for the comprehensive conservation and efficient use of mineral resources.

[0003] "Residual ore" refers to some scattered ore bodies that remain due to historical reasons after the main mining area of ​​the mine has been basically mined. my country is a developing country. Since the 1950s and 1960s, my country's metal mining has gradually developed by learning from the Soviet Union's mining technology system. With the development concept of the national economy and the progress of the technology of comprehensive utilization of mineral natural resources, on the one hand, the ore bodies that were not worth mining at the time due to historical reasons for mining have important mining value in contemporary times; on the other hand, many mines in my country, especially private mining mines, have serious problems of "mining the rich and abandoning the poor" and "mining the easy and abandoning the difficult" and other wastes of useful mineral resources. In order to recover useful mineral resources as much as possible, how to safely and efficiently recover these residual ores is one of the major technical problems that must be solved in the field of mining technology today.

[0004] According to relevant literature and data at home and abroad, relevant mines at home and abroad mainly use room-and-pillar method, filling mining method, bottom funnel method, natural collapse method and other methods to recover residual ore. Residual ore is generally found near empty area groups. Due to the influence of previous mining disturbance, the stability of its ore rock has been greatly damaged, and it is easy to cause a series of disasters such as rock spalling, roof collapse, and water inrush. If this type of resource is mined using traditional mining methods, there are generally technical difficulties such as low mining safety, poor labor efficiency, many geological disaster risks, and high secondary loss and depletion rate. In addition, due to the limitations of exploration conditions at the time and the mining history of the mine, it is impossible to accurately determine the distribution range and scale of residual ore. Further exploration and other work are needed to better determine the distribution range of residual ore. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention improves the above-mentioned problem, that is, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the relevant mines at home and abroad mainly use the room-and-pillar method, filling mining method, chassis funnel method, natural collapse method and other methods to recover the residual ore, which generally have the technical difficulties of low mining safety, poor labor efficiency, many geological disaster risks, and high secondary loss depletion rate.

[0006] The specific implementation scheme of the present invention is: a safe and efficient mining method for hidden broken residual ore that combines off-vein mining, accurate exploration and mining, including ore blocks divided along the residual ore trend, in which the ore blocks are divided into two high sections, namely the first high section and the second high section, along the height direction of the ore body, and pillars are left between the ore blocks; intra-vein prospecting lanes arranged along the vein trend at the bottom of the ore body and intra-vein exploration lanes with a vertical trend;

[0007] A mining structure is also arranged at the bottom of the ore body, and the mining structure includes an outer-vein transport tunnel connected to the inner-vein exploration tunnel at the same elevation, and an inclined mining access is arranged between the outer-vein transport tunnel and the inner-vein exploration tunnel;

[0008] A high-segment rock drilling tunnel is opened in the center of each high-segment rock drilling tunnel; fan-shaped exploration boreholes are arranged in each high-segment rock drilling tunnel, and the exploration boreholes and the exploration tunnels at the bottom of the ore body form a three-dimensional cross-exploration network;

[0009] On one side of the ore block, a cutting shaft is arranged near the exploration level in the vertical vein;

[0010] Fan-shaped medium-deep holes are bored in each high-section rock drilling tunnel, and the fan-shaped medium-deep holes pass through the outer rock of the lower wall vein and enter the hidden broken residual ore body. A mining chute is opened outside the off-vein transport tunnel, and a connecting road is opened between the mining chute and the off-vein transport tunnel.

[0011] Furthermore, auxiliary ramps are provided between the high-segment rock drilling tunnels to connect the high-segment rock drilling tunnels.

[0012] Furthermore, an upper stage transport tunnel is provided on the upper part of the ore body, a filling pipeline is provided in the upper stage transport tunnel, and the upper stage transport tunnel is connected to a filling borehole for full tailings cementation filling of the goaf.

[0013] Furthermore, the high-segmented rock drilling tunnel is located in the footwall of the ore body and arranged along the direction of the ore body, maintaining a safe distance from the footwall of the ore body; the fan-shaped medium-depth holes drilled in the rock drilling tunnel will pass through the peripheral rock of the footwall vein and enter the hidden and broken residual ore body to reach the designed depth.

[0014] The present invention also includes a method for mining hidden broken residual ore by combining off-vein mining and exploration, according to the following steps:

[0015] (1) Divide the ore blocks along the residual ore strike, leave pillars between the ore blocks, and divide the ore blocks into two high sections along the height direction of the ore body within the stage, namely the first high section and the second high section;

[0016] (2) Based on the preliminary geological survey data, by arranging exploration tunnels at the bottom of the ore body, the occurrence form of scattered high-grade hidden broken residual ore bodies is further controlled in the horizontal direction. In-vein exploration tunnels and vertical-vein exploration tunnels are arranged along the vein at the bottom of the ore body. During the construction process, a combination of anchor rods and anchor nets are used for support, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnels are strictly controlled;

[0017] (3) Arrange the mining structure at the bottom of the ore body, arrange the outer-vein transport tunnel at the same elevation as the inner-vein exploration tunnel, and arrange an inclined mining access between the outer-vein transport tunnel and the inner-vein exploration tunnel; keep a safe distance between the outer-vein transport tunnel and the inner-vein exploration tunnel;

[0018] (4) In the footwall of the ore body, high-level drilling tunnels are arranged along the strike of the ore body. The drilling tunnels are arranged in the center of the high-level section and keep a safe distance from the footwall of the ore body;

[0019] (5) Arrange other mining projects along the footwall of the ore block, including: stope chute, ventilation shaft, filling drift, connecting road, auxiliary ramp;

[0020] (6) Fan-shaped exploration boreholes are arranged in each high-grade rock drilling tunnel, and diamond drills are used to conduct core exploration operations on the ore body to further control the occurrence morphology of scattered high-grade hidden broken residual ore bodies in the height direction; the exploration boreholes and the exploration tunnels at the bottom of the ore body form a three-dimensional cross-exploration network to finely control the spatial distribution morphology of hidden broken residual ore bodies, as well as possible hidden voids and water-bearing zones;

[0021] (7) On one side of the ore block, a cutting shaft is arranged near the vertical exploration lane, and cutting slot blasting is carried out with the cutting shaft and the vertical exploration lane as free surfaces to create free compensation space for subsequent high-level caving;

[0022] (8) In each high-level drilling tunnel, a hydraulic rock drill is used to form upward and downward fan-shaped medium-deep holes to complete the drilling operation. The fan-shaped medium-deep holes pass through the peripheral rock of the footwall vein and enter the hidden broken residual ore body to reach the designed depth;

[0023] (9) In the medium-deep hole, according to the spatial development of the hidden broken residual ore body, sticky explosives are used to carry out explosive filling operations in the medium-deep hole located in the ore body section, and the hidden broken residual ore body is finely blasted to complete the high-level caving operation. The first high-level section and the second high-level section of the step blasting complete the caving operation of each high-level section in the stage, and the second high-level section blasting is ahead of the first high-level section;

[0024] (10) The ore from each high-level collapse is gathered at the ore-discharging structure at the bottom of the ore body by its own weight, and a remote-controlled scraper is used to transfer the collapsed ore to the stope chute through the external transport lane and the ore-discharging route to complete the ore-discharging operation;

[0025] (11) After the mining is completed, the filling pipeline is installed along the transport tunnel and filling tunnel of the previous stage, and the goaf is filled with tailings to complete the safe recovery of the hidden broken residual ore.

[0026] Furthermore, the residual ore body is divided into several high segments along the height direction within the stage, and the segment height is greater than 10m.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention utilizes exploration while mining, off-vein mining, and medium-deep hole directional fine blasting technology to solve the technical problems of safe mining such as low exploration level of hidden residual mines and broken ore bodies. During the operation, workers always stay away from exposed surfaces of empty areas and broken ore bodies, and have the advantages of low resource loss and depletion rate, high safety, and high mining efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 BB section structure diagram.

[0030] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of CC cross-section structure.

[0031] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 DD cross-section structure diagram.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the full tailings cementation filling state of the goaf in the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: 1—transportation tunnel outside the vein 2—mine exit route 3—ore blasting pile 4—residual ore segmentation boundary 5—intermediate pillar 6—exploration drill hole 7—fan-shaped medium-deep hole 8—high-section rock drilling tunnel 9—upper stage transportation tunnel 10—inside vein exploration tunnel 11—connecting road 12—hidden residual ore 13—cutting shaft 14—mining field chute 15—inside vein exploration tunnel 16—residual ore with stone 17—lower triangular ore pillar 18—auxiliary ramp 19—fan-shaped medium-deep hole outside the vein 20—filling drill hole 21—filling pipeline 22—tailings cemented filling body 23—residual fan-shaped medium-deep hole outside the vein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the safe and efficient mining structure of hidden broken residual ore combined with off-vein mining, accurate exploration and mining includes ore blocks divided along the residual ore trend, and in the stage, the ore blocks are divided into two high sections, the first high section and the second high section, along the height direction of the ore body, and pillars are left between the ore blocks; the intra-vein prospecting tunnel 15 and the intra-vein exploration tunnel 10 with a vertical trend are arranged at the bottom of the ore body along the direction of the ore vein;

[0036] A mining structure is also arranged at the bottom of the ore body, and the mining structure includes an outer-vein transport tunnel 1 connected to the inner-vein exploration tunnel 10 at the same elevation, and an inclined mining access road 2 is arranged between the outer-vein transport tunnel 1 and the inner-vein exploration tunnel 15;

[0037] A high-segment rock drilling tunnel 8 is opened in the center of each high-segment rock drilling tunnel 8; a fan-shaped exploration borehole 6 is arranged in each high-segment rock drilling tunnel 8, and the exploration borehole 6 and the exploration tunnel at the bottom of the ore body form a three-dimensional cross-exploration network;

[0038] On one side of the ore block, a cutting shaft 13 is arranged near the exploration level in the vertical vein;

[0039] Fan-shaped medium-deep holes are excavated in each high-section rock drilling tunnel, and the fan-shaped medium-deep holes pass through the outer rock of the lower wall vein and enter the hidden broken residual ore body. A mining chute 14 is opened outside the off-vein transport tunnel, and a connecting road 11 is opened between the mining chute 14 and the off-vein transport tunnel 1.

[0040] Auxiliary ramps 18 are provided between the high-segment rock drilling tunnels to connect the high-segment rock drilling tunnels.

[0041] An upper stage transport tunnel 9 is provided on the upper part of the ore body. A filling pipeline 21 is provided in the upper stage transport tunnel 9 and is connected to a filling borehole 20 for full tailings cementation filling of the goaf.

[0042] Now the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation examples:

[0043] A gold mine has a mining history of more than 40 years. The surface elevation is +35m. There are scattered high-grade hidden residual ores above -200m, with a gold grade of 3~7g / t. Preliminary geological surveys show that the average inclination of the ore body is 52~65°, the average thickness is 8~15m, the ore body is moderately stable, partially broken, and the upper and lower wall surrounding rocks are stable.

[0044] (1) The block design of the industrial experimental stope is 50m long along the strike, with pillars between the blocks, and the width of the pillars is 5~8m. The block design stage is 30m high, and is divided into high sections along the height direction of the ore body within the stage. The height of the high section is 15m, that is, one design stage is divided into two high sections, the first high section and the second high section.

[0045] (2) Based on the preliminary geological survey data, exploration tunnels are arranged at the bottom of the ore body to further control the occurrence of scattered high-grade, hidden, broken and residual ore bodies in the horizontal direction. In-vein exploration tunnels are arranged along the direction of the vein at the bottom of the ore body, and vertical in-vein exploration tunnels are arranged every 25m. The tunnel section of the exploration tunnel is 2.2×2.0m. During the construction process, anchor rod + anchor net combined support is used, and the tunnel section size is strictly controlled.

[0046] (3) Arrange the mining structure at the bottom of the ore body, and arrange the outer-vein transportation tunnel at a horizontal distance of 15m from the inner-vein exploration tunnel. Arrange an inclined mining access route every 8m between the outer-vein transportation tunnel and the inner-vein exploration tunnel.

[0047] (4) In the footwall of the ore body, high-section rock drilling tunnels are arranged along the direction of the ore body. The rock drilling tunnels are arranged in the center of the high-section, 5 to 7 meters away from the footwall of the ore body.

[0048] (5) Arrange other mining preparation works along the footwall of the ore block, including: mining chute, ventilation shaft, filling level tunnel, connecting road, and auxiliary ramp.

[0049] (6) In each high-grade drilling tunnel, a row of exploration holes is arranged every 12.5 m, with 3 holes in each row. A 50 mm diameter diamond drill is used to conduct core exploration of the ore body to further control the occurrence morphology of scattered high-grade hidden broken residual ore bodies in the height direction. The exploration holes are 12.5 m horizontally from the exploration tunnel at the bottom of the ore body, forming a three-dimensional cross-exploration network to finely control the spatial distribution morphology of hidden broken residual ore bodies, as well as possible hidden voids and water-bearing zones.

[0050] (7) On one side of the ore block, a cutting shaft is arranged near the vertical exploration tunnel. Cutting slot blasting is carried out with the cutting shaft and the vertical exploration tunnel as free surfaces to create free compensation space for subsequent high-level mine collapse. The height of the cutting slot is the stage height and the width is 5m.

[0051] (8) In each high-level drilling tunnel, a hydraulic rock drill is used to form upward and downward fan-shaped medium-deep holes. The fan-shaped medium-deep holes penetrate the peripheral rock of the footwall vein and enter the hidden broken residual ore body to reach the designed depth. The diameter of the medium-deep holes is 65mm, the row spacing is 1.4m, and the distance from the bottom of the hole is 2.2~2.8m.

[0052] (9) In the medium-deep hole, according to the spatial development of the hidden broken residual ore body, sticky explosives are used to carry out explosive filling operations in the medium-deep hole located in the ore body section, and the hidden broken residual ore body is finely blasted to complete the high-level segmental caving operations. The first and second high-level segments of the step blasting complete the caving operations of each high-level segment in the stage, and the second high-level segment blasting is 5~8m (3~5 rows) ahead of the first high-level segment.

[0053] (10) The ore from the high-level collapse is gathered at the mining structure at the bottom of the ore body by its own weight. A remote-controlled scraper is used to transfer the collapsed ore to the mining chute through the off-vein transport tunnel and the mining access road to complete the mining operation.

[0054] (11) After the mining is completed, the filling pipeline is installed along the transport tunnel and filling tunnel of the previous stage, and the goaf is filled with tailings to complete the safe recovery of the hidden broken residual ore.

[0055] Unless otherwise stated, any technical solution disclosed in the present invention disclosed above, if it discloses a numerical range, then the disclosed numerical range is a preferred numerical range, and any technician in the field should understand that the preferred numerical range is only a numerical value with a more obvious technical effect or representative value among many implementable numerical values. Since there are too many numerical values ​​to be exhaustive, the present invention discloses some numerical values ​​to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and the numerical values ​​listed above should not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] If the words "first", "second" and so on are used in this article to limit components, those skilled in the art should know that the use of "first" and "second" is only for the convenience of description to distinguish the components. Unless otherwise stated, the above words have no special meaning.

[0057] At the same time, if the above-mentioned invention discloses or involves components or structural parts that are fixedly connected to each other, then, unless otherwise stated, the fixed connection can be understood as: a detachable fixed connection (for example, connected by bolts or screws), and can also be understood as: a non-detachable fixed connection (for example, riveting, welding). Of course, the mutual fixed connection can also be replaced by an integrated structure (for example, manufactured by one-piece molding using a casting process) (except when it is obviously impossible to use an integrated molding process).

[0058] In addition, unless otherwise stated, the terms used to indicate positional relationships or shapes in any of the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention include states or shapes that are approximate, similar, or close to them.

[0059] Any component provided by the present invention may be assembled from a plurality of separate components, or may be a separate component manufactured by an integral forming process.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or some technical features can be replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the technical solution for protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A concealed broken residual ore mining structure combining off-vein mining and exploration, characterized in that: It includes ore blocks divided along the direction of residual ore, and the ore blocks are divided into two high sections, the first high section and the second high section, along the height direction of the ore body in the stage, and pillars are left between the ore blocks; the vein exploration tunnels and the vertical vein exploration tunnels are arranged at the bottom of the ore body along the direction of the ore vein; the ore exit structure is also arranged at the bottom of the ore body, and the ore exit structure includes the vein transport tunnels connected to the vein exploration tunnels at the same elevation, and the inclined ore exit access is arranged between the vein transport tunnels and the vein exploration tunnels; a tunnel is opened in the center of each high section. There are high-level drilling tunnels; fan-shaped exploration boreholes are arranged in each high-level drilling tunnel, and the exploration boreholes and the exploration tunnels at the bottom of the ore body form a three-dimensional cross-exploration network; on one side of the ore block, a cutting shaft is arranged near the vertical vein exploration tunnel; fan-shaped medium-deep holes are drilled in each high-level drilling tunnel, and the fan-shaped medium-deep holes pass through the peripheral rock of the lower wall vein and enter the hidden broken residual ore body, and a stope chute is opened outside the said vein transportation tunnel, and a connecting road is opened between the stope chute and the vein transportation tunnel; Auxiliary ramps connecting the high-segmented rock drilling tunnels are provided between the high-segmented rock drilling tunnels; An upper stage transport tunnel is arranged on the upper part of the ore body, a filling pipeline is arranged in the upper stage transport tunnel, and a filling borehole is connected to perform full tailings cementation filling on the goaf; The high-segmented rock drilling tunnel is located in the footwall of the ore body and arranged along the direction of the ore body, keeping a safe distance from the footwall of the ore body; the fan-shaped medium-deep holes drilled in the rock drilling tunnel will pass through the peripheral rock of the footwall vein and enter the hidden and broken residual ore body to reach the designed depth.

2. A method for mining hidden, broken and residual ore by combining off-vein mining and exploration, characterized in that: The method is applied to a concealed broken residual ore mining structure combining off-vein mining and exploration as described in claim 1, according to the following steps: (1) dividing the ore blocks along the direction of the residual ore, leaving pillars between the ore blocks, and dividing the ore blocks into two high segments along the height direction of the ore body within the stage, namely the first high segment and the second high segment; (2) Based on the preliminary geological survey data, by arranging exploration tunnels at the bottom of the ore body, the occurrence form of scattered high-grade hidden broken residual ore bodies is further controlled in the horizontal direction; at the bottom of the ore body, along the direction of the ore vein, the intra-vein exploration tunnel and the vertical intra-vein exploration tunnel are arranged. During the construction process, the combined support of anchor rods and anchor nets is adopted, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel are strictly controlled; (3) Arrange the mining structure at the bottom of the ore body, arrange the outer-vein transport tunnel at the same elevation as the inner-vein exploration tunnel, and arrange an inclined mining access between the outer-vein transport tunnel and the inner-vein exploration tunnel; keep a safe distance between the outer-vein transport tunnel and the inner-vein exploration tunnel; (4) In the footwall of the ore body, high-section rock drilling tunnels are arranged along the strike of the ore body. The rock drilling tunnels are arranged in the center of the high-section and keep a safe distance from the footwall of the ore body; (5) Arrange other mining projects along the footwall of the ore block, including: stope chute, ventilation shaft, filling drift, connecting road, auxiliary ramp; (6) Fan-shaped exploration boreholes are arranged in each high-grade rock drilling tunnel, and diamond drills are used to conduct core exploration operations on the ore body to further control the occurrence morphology of scattered high-grade hidden broken residual ore bodies in the height direction; the exploration boreholes and the exploration tunnels at the bottom of the ore body form a three-dimensional cross-exploration network to finely control the spatial distribution morphology of hidden broken residual ore bodies, as well as possible hidden voids and water-bearing zones; (7) On one side of the ore block, a cutting shaft is arranged near the vertical exploration tunnel, and cutting slot blasting is carried out with the cutting shaft and the vertical exploration tunnel as free surfaces to create free compensation space for subsequent high-level caving; (8) In each high-level drilling tunnel, a hydraulic rock drill is used to form upward and downward fan-shaped medium-deep holes to complete the drilling operation; the fan-shaped medium-deep holes pass through the outer rock of the lower wall vein and enter the hidden broken residual ore body to reach the designed depth; (9) In the medium-deep holes, according to the spatial development of the hidden broken residual ore body, sticky explosives are used to carry out explosive filling operations in the medium-deep holes located in the ore body section, and the hidden broken residual ore body is finely blasted to complete the high-level caving operation; the first and second high-level sections are blasted by step blasting to complete the caving operations of each high-level section in the stage, and the second high-level section is blasted ahead of the first high-level section; (10) The collapsed ores from each high-level segment are gathered at the mining structure at the bottom of the ore body by their own weight, and a remote-controlled scraper is used to transfer the collapsed ore to the mining chute through the off-vein transport tunnel and the mining access road to complete the mining operation; (11) After the mining is completed in each stage, a filling pipeline is installed along the upper stage transport tunnel and filling tunnel, and the goaf is fully filled with tailings to complete the safe recovery of the hidden broken residual ore.

3. According to claim 2, a method for mining hidden, broken and residual ore combining off-vein mining and exploration, characterized in that: The residual ore body is divided into several high segments along the height direction within the stage, and the segment height is greater than 10m.

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