Hole-enlarging cutting device, tunnel boring machine and tunnel boring construction technology

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation equipment, and provides a hole-expanding cutting device, a tunneling machine, and a tunneling construction process. The hole-expanding cutting device includes a first cutting part, the first cutting part includes a first cutter body, a support rod, and a rotating drive member, the support rod is connected to the rotating drive member, the first cutter body is hinged to the support rod, the first cutter body is opened in a direction away from the support rod or contracted in a direction close to the support rod under the drive of an external force, and the rotating drive member drives the first cutter body to rotate through the support rod. The tunneling construction process includes: the first cutting part rotates to drill and advance forward, the second cutting part rotates to cut and advances forward synchronously with the first cutting part; the first cutting part rotates to expand the hole, and the support device of the tunneling machine provides support at the same time. The hole-expanding cutting device, the tunneling machine, and the tunneling construction process of the present invention realize hole expansion and drilling, and hole expansion and drilling and tunnel support can be carried out simultaneously, shortening the construction time, and are suitable for working conditions with large propulsion resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation equipment, and in particular to a hole-expanding cutting device, a tunneling machine and a tunneling construction process. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of my country's social and economic development level, the proportion of young technical workers has rapidly decreased, and the excavation face has highlighted the urgent situation of no successors. my country's coal tunnel excavation faces problems such as slow tunneling speed, low mechanization and automation levels. The contradiction between face mining and tunneling speed has led to a tight connection between mining and excavation, hindering the further improvement of scientific production capacity of coal mines. Therefore, achieving rapid tunneling of coal tunnels, implementing mechanization to reduce manpower, automation to replace manpower, and improving tunneling speed have become inevitable requirements for high production and efficiency of coal mines.

[0003] At present, the support construction and excavation construction of the coal tunnel excavation process mainly based on the cantilevered roadheader cannot be carried out at the same time, which hinders the improvement of the efficiency of coal tunnel excavation construction. The cantilevered roadheader is the main type of machine for coal tunnel excavation at present. This type of roadheader has two main problems:

[0004] (1) The cantilever is too long and occupies too much space. The length of the cantilever occupies the space for support operations, resulting in the separation of the excavation and support construction processes, that is, excavation first and then support. Excavation construction and support operations cannot be carried out at the same time.

[0005] (2) During tunnel excavation construction, the cantilever type roadheader needs to move its body left and right to cut the entire cross-section of the tunnel. It is impossible to achieve tunnel excavation and coal discharge without moving the body, which takes longer time and hinders the improvement of tunneling efficiency.

[0006] In order to dig and remove coal without moving the machine body, technicians proposed a rectangular full-section roadheader. The cutting part of the full-section roadheader can cut and advance the entire section of the tunnel at one time. However, the full-section roadheader is still in the research and development stage and is relatively rarely used in coal tunnel excavation. At the same time, the full-section has great resistance to advancement. When encountering hard geological conditions (such as rocks), it often cannot be advanced; and the direction of the full-section cutting part is difficult to control, which can easily cause deviation in the excavation direction.

[0007] In view of the above, in the prior art, the main factors affecting the coal tunneling speed are the complex tunnel support technology, large advancement resistance, long occupancy time, and difficulty in achieving full-section cutting. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a hole-expanding cutting device to realize hole-expanding drilling and tunnel support, which can be carried out simultaneously, shortening the construction time and being suitable for working conditions with large propulsion resistance.

[0009] The invention also provides a tunneling machine.

[0010] The invention also provides a tunneling construction process.

[0011] According to the first embodiment of the present invention, the hole-enlarging cutting device comprises:

[0012] The first cutting part includes a first cutter body, a support rod and a rotating drive member, the support rod is connected to the rotating drive member, the first cutter body is hinged to the support rod, the first cutter body opens in a direction away from the support rod or contracts in a direction close to the support rod under the drive of an external force, and the rotating drive member drives the first cutter body to rotate through the support rod.

[0013] The hole-expanding cutting device according to the embodiment of the present invention can effectively solve the problem of the difficulty of advancing the tunnel boring machine under hard geological conditions, and can realize the efficient tunneling of the tunnel boring machine; the hole-expanding tunneling construction and the tunnel support construction can be carried out simultaneously and in parallel; the support operation can be carried out closely following the hole-expanding cutting device, effectively shortening the empty top distance and improving the construction safety; it can be used in rock tunnels, coal tunnels and semi-coal-rock tunnels.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further comprises: a second cutting portion, wherein the first cutting portion is arranged in a forward direction of the second cutting portion;

[0015] The second cutting portion includes a second blade body, and the second blade body is at least one arranged on the outer periphery of the first cutting portion.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second cutting part further comprises a third blade body, the second blade body is located in the forward direction of the third blade body, and at least two blades of the third blade body have different lengths from the outer ends to the rotation axis thereof.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the third blade body is sleeved on the second blade body, the third blade body rotates coaxially with the second blade body, and the third blade body is an eccentric structure relative to its rotation axis.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least four groups of the second blade bodies and the third blade bodies are provided and distributed on the outer periphery of the first cutting portion to form a rectangular cutting surface.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, adjacent second blade bodies and / or adjacent third blade bodies have different axial lengths.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further comprises a support frame, the first cutting portion and the second cutting portion are both connected to the support frame, the support frame is a rectangular frame, and trimming cutting teeth are arranged around the support frame.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least two of the second cutting portions have different distances from the support frame.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a guide support assembly is connected between the support rod and the first blade body, and the guide support assembly includes a sliding member and a reinforcing rod. The sliding member is slidably connected to the support rod, and the two ends of the reinforcing rod are respectively hinged to the sliding member and the first blade body.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first cutting part further includes a telescopic driving member, two ends of which are respectively connected to the first blade body and the support rod, and the telescopic driving member is telescoped to drive the first blade body to open or retract.

[0024] A tunneling machine according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention comprises the hole-expanding cutting device.

[0025] According to a tunneling construction process of an embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention, the tunneling machine is provided with the hole-expanding cutting device;

[0026] The excavation construction process includes:

[0027] The first cutting part rotates to drill and advances forward, and the second cutting part rotates to cut and advances forward synchronously with the first cutting part;

[0028] The first cutting portion stops moving forward after moving forward to a target position;

[0029] The first cutter body opens in a direction away from the support rod, the first cutting part rotates to expand the hole, and the supporting device of the tunnel boring machine provides support at the same time.

[0030] The above one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:

[0031] The first cutting part moves forward under the drive of the tunnel boring machine, while the first cutter body performs rotary drilling; after the first cutter body drills to the set depth, the first cutter body can be opened relative to the support rod to perform hole enlargement drilling, thus realizing hole enlargement cutting. During the hole enlargement and cutting process of the first cutter body, the tunnel boring machine is fixed, and the support device on the tunnel boring machine can perform support operations. The tunneling construction and the support construction are carried out simultaneously, the construction efficiency is improved, and the timely support improves the safety. At the same time, the empty top distance is reduced, further improving the safety.

[0032] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 is a front view structural schematic diagram of a hole-expanding cutting device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the hole-expanding cutting device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 is a schematic side structural diagram of a first blade body of a hole-expanding cutting device provided by an embodiment of the present invention in a retracted state;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a side structural schematic diagram of the first blade body of the hole expansion cutting device provided by an embodiment of the present invention in an open state.

[0038] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the second blade body and the third blade body of the hole expansion cutting device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Reference numerals:

[0040] 1. Second blade body; 2. Third blade body; 3. First blade body; 4. Support frame; 5. Telescopic drive member; 6. Support rod; 7. Guide support assembly; 71. Sliding member; 72. Reinforcement rod; 8. Structural center; 9. Rotation center. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0043] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0044] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "above" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0045] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0046] Combination Figure 1-Figure 5As shown, one embodiment of the present invention provides a hole-expanding cutting device, including: a first cutting part, the first cutting part includes a first cutter body 3, a support rod 6 and a rotating drive member, the support rod 6 is connected to the rotating drive member, the first cutter body 3 is hinged to the support rod 6, the first cutter body 3 opens in a direction away from the support rod 6 or contracts in a direction close to the support rod 6 under the drive of an external force, and the rotating drive member drives the first cutter body 3 to rotate through the support rod 6.

[0047] The position where the first blade body 3 is hinged to the support rod 6 is generally the end thereof, and the position where the first blade body 3 is driven by external force to move away from or approach the support rod 6 can be any position with a certain distance from the hinged end thereof. When there are multiple first blade bodies 3, the first blade bodies 3 are opened relative to the support rod 6 to form a cone, similar to the open state of an umbrella.

[0048] The housing of the rotating driving member is fixedly arranged, the output end of the rotating driving member is connected to the support rod 6 and can drive the support rod 6 to rotate, and the first blade body 3 is connected to the support rod 6 and rotates synchronously with the support rod 6. Among them, the rotating driving member can be a device that can provide rotational power, such as a motor, a hydraulic motor, etc.

[0049] After the excavation construction begins, the first cutter body 3 and the support rod 6 remain in a relatively fixed state (such as Figure 3 The rotary drive member drives the support rod 6 to rotate, and the tunnel boring machine drives the first cutting part to enter the working face to be excavated and provides forward power for the first cutting part. The first cutting part moves forward and rotates to drill and dig to form a conical hole.

[0050] After the first cutting part enters the set depth of the working face to be excavated, that is, after the first cutting part advances to the target position, the tunnel boring machine stops moving forward and the first cutting part no longer moves forward. At this time, the first cutter body 3 is gradually opened relative to the support rod 6 under the drive of external force (such as Figure 4 The first cutter body 3 and the support rod 6 rotate synchronously to perform hole enlargement and drilling. Since the tunnel boring machine does not move during the hole enlargement and drilling process, the tunnel boring machine can perform support work at the same time, realize synchronous excavation and support, and improve construction efficiency.

[0051] When the first cutter body 3 is opened to the limit position (i.e. cannot be opened further) and the drilling is completed, the rotary drive member stops driving, and the external force drives the first cutter body 3 to retract to the initial state toward the support rod 6, and the first cutting part completes one drilling. The entire drilling process is simple and easy to operate.

[0052] The reaming cutting device of this embodiment can effectively solve the problem of the difficulty of the tunnel boring machine in advancing under hard geological conditions, and can realize the efficient tunneling of the tunnel boring machine. In addition, the reaming cutting device can also make the reaming tunneling construction and the tunnel support construction proceed at the same time, thereby realizing parallel operation, which can effectively improve the tunneling efficiency and can be used in rock tunnels, coal tunnels and semi-coal rock tunnels. At the same time, the support device can closely follow the reaming cutting device for support, effectively shortening the empty top distance and improving the construction safety.

[0053] In another embodiment, the hole-reaming cutting device further includes: a second cutting part, the first cutting part is arranged in the forward direction of the second cutting part; the first cutting part and the second cutting part cut simultaneously, and the second cutting part is used to cut the working surface of the outer periphery of the first cutting part to form a cutting surface of a target shape. The cutting surface of the target shape includes a circular cutting surface, a rectangular cutting surface, etc. Among them, the forward direction of the second cutting part refers to the direction in which the hole-reaming cutting device excavates and constructs toward the working surface to be excavated under the driving action of the tunnel boring machine.

[0054] An example of the second cutting portion is provided below.

[0055] The second cutting part includes a second blade 1, and the second blade 1 is provided with at least one blade on the periphery of the first cutting part, and the second blade 1 rotates to cut at the corresponding position. There are multiple second blades 1 to cut at multiple positions on the periphery of the first cutting part. The second blade 1 is a disc-shaped blade, and multiple blades are provided on the periphery of the disc-shaped blade, and each blade is provided with a second cutting tooth to improve the cutting efficiency. The multiple second blades 1 can be distributed in a circular or rectangular shape on the periphery of the first cutting part to form a circular cutting surface or a rectangular cutting surface.

[0056] The second blade body 1 is provided to effectively expand the cutting area and can form cutting surfaces of different shapes as required. The first blade body 3 is located in the forward direction of the second blade body 1, and the first blade body 3 and the second blade body 1 are spaced in the axial direction, so that the first blade body 3 and the second blade body 1 will not cross-interfere with each other. When the cutting areas of the first blade body 3 and the second blade body 1 overlap, the first blade body 3 and the second blade body 1 are guaranteed to operate independently and stably.

[0057] Furthermore, the second cutting part also includes a third blade body 2. The second blade body 1 is located in the forward direction of the third blade body 2. The second blade body 1 rotates and cuts to form a circular cutting surface. The second blade body 1 rotates and cuts most of the area at the corresponding position of the second cutting part. The third blade body 2 is used to assist the second blade body 1 in cutting to form a right-angle position of a rectangular cutting surface.

[0058] like Figure 5As shown, the distances from the outer ends of at least two blades on the third blade body 2 to the rotation axis (rotation center 9) are different. When the blades of the third blade body 2 have the same length, the rotation profile of at least one blade can reach the right angle position of the rectangular cutting surface to form a rectangular cutting surface. Further, when the blades of the third blade body 2 have different lengths, as Figure 5 As shown, the length of the blade on the upper left of the third blade body 2 is greater than the other two, and the rotation profile of the blade on the upper left of the third blade body 2 can reach the right angle position of the rectangular cutting surface to form a rectangular cutting surface. Among them, the inner and outer are divided relative to the distance to the rotation axis, and the outer end refers to the end away from the rotation axis.

[0059] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the third blade body 2 is sleeved on the second blade body 1, that is, the rotation axis of the third blade body 2 is sleeved on the rotation axis of the second blade body 1. The third blade body 2 rotates coaxially with the second blade body 1, and the third blade body 2 is an eccentric structure relative to its rotation axis. It can be understood that the second blade body 1 and the third blade body 2 rotate around the rotation axis corresponding to the rotation center 9, and the structural center 8 of the third blade body 2 does not coincide with its rotation center 9, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 There is an eccentric design between the rotating axis of the third cutter body 2 and the rotating axis of the second cutter body 1, which ensures that the blade of the third cutter body 2 can reach the right angle position of the rectangular cutting surface to meet the rectangular cutting requirements.

[0060] The second blade body 1 and the third blade body 2 are rotationally driven by independent driving structures respectively, or the second blade body 1 and the third blade body 2 are driven by the same driving structure and transmitted through different transmission structures.

[0061] The second blade body 1 and the third blade body 2 may rotate in the same or opposite directions, which can be selected according to the driving structure, the structural shape of the transmission structure, and the installation space. Figure 1-Figure 4 In the hole-expanding cutting device shown, the second cutter body 1 and the third cutter body 2 rotate in opposite directions, which is suitable for installation of a rotary drive structure and a transmission structure.

[0062] Specifically, at least four groups of the second blade body 1 and the third blade body 2 are provided, at least one group is provided at each of the four right-angle positions of the rectangular surface, and the four groups of the first blade body 3 and the second blade body 1 cut to form four right-angle positions of the rectangular cutting surface, and cooperate with the first cutting part to complete the forming of the rectangular cutting surface on the entire working surface to be excavated, so as to perform full-section cutting. According to the different sizes of the working surface to be excavated, the number of the second blade body 1 and the third blade body 2 can also be adjusted as needed.

[0063] The third cutter body 2 is also a disc-shaped structure, and a plurality of blades are arranged around the disc-shaped cutter body, and each blade is also provided with a third cutting tooth to improve cutting efficiency. The shape of the second cutting tooth on the second cutter body 1 and the shape of the third cutting tooth on the third cutter body 2 can be the same or different.

[0064] The axial lengths of adjacent second blades 1 are different, which can also be understood as the distances from adjacent second blades 1 to the support frame 4 (or other fixed structures of the tunnel boring machine) described below are different, so as to avoid the blades of adjacent second blades 1 located on the same plane from interfering with each other during rotation. It can be understood that when the blades of two second blades 1 in the horizontal direction are subject to interfering with each other, the axial lengths of the two second blades 1 in the horizontal direction are different (i.e., the distances by which the blades of the two second blades 1 extend from the end face of the support frame 4 are different); when the blades of two second blades 1 in the vertical direction are subject to interfering with each other, the axial lengths of the two second blades 1 in the vertical direction are different (i.e., the distances by which the blades of the two second blades 1 extend from the end face of the support frame 4 are different).

[0065] The positions of the third blade body 2 and the second blade body 1 are relatively fixed. Similarly, the distance from the third blade body 2 to the support frame 4 changes with the distance from the second blade body 1 to the support frame 4. Alternatively, the third blade body 2 can be axially adjusted independently of the second blade body 1, that is, the distance from the third blade body 2 to the support frame 4 can be directly adjusted to prevent adjacent third blade bodies 2 from interfering with each other.

[0066] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the axial lengths of the two second cutting portions in the vertical direction are different, and the distances at which the two second cutting portions in the vertical direction extend out of the end surface of the support frame 4 are different.

[0067] The first cutting part cooperates with the second cutting part to realize full-section cutting of rectangular tunnels. During construction, there is no need to move the body of the tunnel boring machine left and right, and the hole-expanding cutting device does not need to move left and right. The tunnel boring machine only needs to provide forward power to the hole-expanding cutting device. In addition, safety can be improved. When the first cutting part performs conical cutting of holes, the uncut rock or coal layer can form effective support.

[0068] In another embodiment, the hole-reaming cutting device further includes a support frame 4, the first cutting part and the second cutting part are both connected to the support frame 4, and the hole-reaming cutting device is connected to the body of the tunnel boring machine through the support frame 4. Specifically, the housing of the rotating drive member can be connected to the support frame 4, and the driving structure of the second blade body 1 and the third blade body 2 can also be arranged in the support frame 4.

[0069] Furthermore, the shape of the support frame 4 is the same as the target shape of the working face to be excavated, and the support frame 4 can also play a supporting role. The outer periphery of the support frame 4 is provided with a trimming cutting tooth, and the trimming cutting tooth is welded on the support frame 4 to play a role in shaping and collecting soil.

[0070] When the target shape of the working face to be excavated is a rectangle, the support frame 4 is a rectangular frame, and trimming cutting teeth are arranged around the support frame 4 to help shape the rectangular tunnel. Figure 2-4 As shown, the support frame 4 is a rectangular box body, in which the driving structure and other components can be installed to protect the components; and the rectangular box body structure has good support stability, which improves the support effect. Similarly, when the target shape of the working face to be excavated is circular, the support frame 4 is a cylindrical frame to assist in tunnel forming and auxiliary support.

[0071] An example of the first cutting portion is provided below.

[0072] An embodiment of driving the first blade body 3 to open or retract by external force:

[0073] The first cutting part further includes a telescopic driving member 5, which is used to provide external force driving for the opening process or the contraction process of the first blade body 3. The two ends of the telescopic driving member 5 are respectively hinged to the first blade body 3 and the support member, and the telescopic driving member 5 is telescopic to drive the first blade body 3 to open or contract. The telescopic driving member 5 is linearly telescopic, such as a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, a linear motor, etc.

[0074] Another embodiment of driving the first blade body 3 to open or retract by external force:

[0075] A connecting rod is provided between the support rod 6 and the first blade body 3, and the connecting rod is slidably connected to the support rod 6. The connecting rod slides along the axial direction of the support rod 6 and pushes the first blade body 3 to open or retract, similar to the process of opening an umbrella. The sliding power of the connecting rod can be provided by a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, a linear motor, an electric cylinder, etc.

[0076] The opening and contraction process of the first blade body 3 can be realized in various ways, not limited to the above two ways.

[0077] Among them, a plurality of first blade bodies 3 are evenly distributed around the support rod 6 to ensure cutting efficiency. The number of telescopic driving members 5 or connecting rods corresponds to the number of first blade bodies 3 to ensure that each first blade body 3 can be stably opened and retracted. Preferably, three first blade bodies 3 are evenly arranged around the support rod 6, which helps to balance the force on the support rod 6 and effectively improves the cutting efficiency.

[0078] Furthermore, a guide support assembly 7 is connected between the support rod 6 and the first blade body 3. During the opening or contraction process of the first blade body 3, the guide support assembly 7 provides guidance and support for the first blade body 3 to ensure the stable opening and contraction of the first blade body 3. The guide support assembly 7 is arranged between the hinge position of the first blade body 3 and the support rod 6 and the external force driving position.

[0079] Specifically, the guide support assembly 7 includes a sliding member 71 and a reinforcing rod 72. The sliding member 71 is slidably connected to the support rod 6, and the two ends of the reinforcing rod 72 are respectively hinged to the sliding member 71 and the first blade body 3. During the opening process of the first blade body 3, the reinforcing rod 72 moves with the first blade body 3 and drives the sliding member 71 to slide for support.

[0080] An embodiment of the sliding member 71 is a sliding ring, which is sleeved on the support rod 6. When there are multiple first blade bodies 3, the sliding ring is evenly connected to multiple reinforcing rods 72 in the circumference, and each first blade body 3 is connected to at least one reinforcing rod 72.

[0081] The first blade body 3 comprises a bracket and cutting picks, the cutting picks are evenly distributed on the bracket, and the reinforcing rod 72 and the telescopic driving member 5 are hinged to the bracket.

[0082] The housing of the rotary drive member may also be fixed to a fixed structure such as a body of the tunnel boring machine.

[0083] In another embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel boring machine is provided, comprising a hole-expanding cutting device according to any of the above-mentioned embodiments, to achieve hole-expanding tunneling and full-section tunneling.

[0084] Combination Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, in another embodiment of the present invention, a tunneling construction process is provided, and the tunneling machine is provided with the above-mentioned hole-expanding cutting device.

[0085] The tunneling construction process includes:

[0086] The first cutting part rotates to drill and advances forward, and the rotary drilling forms a conical hole, while the second cutting part rotates to cut and advances forward synchronously with the first cutting part, and the second cutting part cuts the outer periphery of the conical hole to form a cutting surface of a target shape;

[0087] The first cutting part stops moving forward after it advances to the target position, that is, after the first cutting part reaches the set depth;

[0088] The first cutter body 3 opens in a direction away from the support rod 6, and the first cutting part rotates to expand the hole, while the supporting device of the tunnel boring machine provides support.

[0089] Taking the excavation of a rectangular tunnel in a coal mine as an example, the construction process is explained in detail.

[0090] Before excavation construction, the first cutter body 3 is in a contracted state. Figure 3 shown.

[0091] After the tunneling construction begins, the first cutting part rotates and the first cutter body 3 remains in a retracted state, and the tunneling machine provides forward propulsion. At this time, the first cutting part gradually penetrates into the coal seam to form a conical hole. In this process, the second cutter body 1 and the third cutter body 2 of the second cutting part rotate and cut at the same time to form a rectangular tunnel section.

[0092] After the first cutting part enters the set depth of the coal seam, the tunneling machine stops moving forward, the telescopic drive member 5 extends and drives the three first cutter bodies 3 to expand in the direction away from the support rod 6. The rotation and expansion movement of the first cutting part further expands the conical hole formed in the previous process to form a Figure 4 In the expansion state shown. During the expansion and cutting process, since the tunnel boring machine does not move, the support device on the tunnel boring machine can support the tunnel at the same time, realizing the synchronous work of tunneling and support, and improving the tunneling efficiency. In the process of extending the telescopic drive member 5, the sliding member 71 slides on the support rod 6 and the reinforcing rod 72 supports the first blade 3.

[0093] After the telescopic drive member 5 is extended to the maximum length, the first cutter body 3 rotates and expands to the maximum range, completing a conical hole drilling; then, the telescopic drive member 5 begins to retract and returns to the maximum length. Figure 3 The machine moves to the contracted state shown in the figure, and maintains the contracted state to complete the cutting of one tapered hole and prepare to enter the cutting of the next tapered hole.

[0094] Repeat the above steps to carry out cyclic construction.

[0095] The above-mentioned excavation construction process can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0096] (1) During construction, the machine body does not need to be moved left or right, and full-section excavation can be achieved, forming a rectangular tunnel;

[0097] (2) It enables excavation construction and support construction to be carried out simultaneously, realizing parallel operations and improving efficiency;

[0098] (3) Full-section tunneling in hard geology can effectively solve the problem of advancement difficulties;

[0099] (4) During the excavation, in addition to the conical cutting holes, the uncut coal can form an effective support, which is highly safe; at the same time, the support frame 4 also plays a supporting and protective role;

[0100] (5) The empty top distance is small, and the support operation can be carried out closely behind the support frame 4, which effectively shortens the empty top distance and further improves the construction safety.

[0101] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hole-enlarging cutting device, characterized in that: include: A first cutting part, wherein the first cutting part comprises a first cutter body, a support rod and a rotation driving member, wherein the support rod is connected to the rotation driving member, the first cutter body is hinged to the support rod, the first cutter body is opened in a direction away from the support rod or contracted in a direction close to the support rod under the driving of an external force, and the rotation driving member drives the first cutter body to rotate through the support rod, wherein the first cutter body is opened in a direction away from the support rod to perform rotational expansion when the support device of the tunnel boring machine is supporting; A second cutting part, wherein the first cutting part is arranged in the forward direction of the second cutting part; the second cutting part comprises a second blade body, and the second blade body is provided with at least one blade body on the outer periphery of the first cutting part; Among them, the second cutting part also includes a third blade body, the second blade body is located in the forward direction of the third blade body, and at least two of the blades of the third blade body have different lengths from the outer ends to their rotation axes; the third blade body is sleeved on the second blade body, and the third blade body rotates coaxially with the second blade body, and the third blade body is an eccentric structure relative to its rotation axis; the second blade body and the third blade body are provided with at least four groups, and are distributed on the outer periphery of the first cutting part to form a rectangular cutting surface; the axial lengths of adjacent second blade bodies and / or adjacent third blade bodies are different.

2. The hole-enlarging cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a support frame, the first cutting part and the second cutting part are both connected to the support frame, the support frame is a rectangular frame, and the support frame is provided with shaping cutting teeth around it.

3. The hole-enlarging cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide support assembly is connected between the support rod and the first blade body. The guide support assembly includes a sliding member and a reinforcing rod. The sliding member is slidably connected to the support rod. Two ends of the reinforcing rod are respectively hinged to the sliding member and the first blade body.

4. The hole-enlarging cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first cutting part further includes a telescopic driving member, two ends of which are respectively connected to the first blade body and the support rod, and the telescopic driving member is telescopic to drive the first blade body to open or retract.

5. A tunnel boring machine comprising the hole-expanding cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A tunneling construction process, characterized in that: The tunnel boring machine is provided with the hole enlarging cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4; The excavation construction process includes: The first cutting part rotates to drill and advances forward, and the second cutting part rotates to cut and advances forward synchronously with the first cutting part; The first cutting portion stops moving forward after moving forward to a target position; The first cutter body opens in a direction away from the support rod, the first cutting part rotates to expand the hole, and the supporting device of the tunnel boring machine provides support at the same time.

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