Y-type guide arm device for acetabulum preparation

Abstract

The present invention provides a Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing acetabulum, which is used to assist the surgeon in filing the acetabulum and accurately implanting the acetabular cup prosthesis during total hip replacement surgery, and includes two fixed arms, a guide arm, a connecting bridge, a holding arm, and a handle. The connecting bridge is Y-shaped, with its front end connected to the two fixed arms respectively, and its rear end connected to the guide arm. The Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing acetabulum of the present invention can utilize the uniquely designed Y-shaped guide arm device to accurately file the acetabulum and accurately place the position of the acetabular prosthesis during surgery, and can strictly control and implement the acetabular angles such as abduction angle and anteversion angle of the prosthesis placed according to the patient's specific anatomical data that are the same as those designed before surgery during surgery, thereby accurately controlling the position of the ideal artificial total hip joint prosthesis in the body, thereby improving the surgical effect. The device is novel and reasonable in design, easy to operate, and can effectively obtain the ideal position of the acetabular prosthesis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of accurately directional grinding and reaming of acetabulum and implantation of acetabulum cup prosthesis in total hip replacement surgery, in particular to a Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing acetabulum. Background Art

[0002] Total hip replacement is one of the most effective means of treating hip joint diseases in the world, and its treatment effect has been unanimously recognized by doctors and patients worldwide. However, one of the key factors affecting the effect of surgery is the position of the total hip prosthesis and whether the prosthesis can restore the normal hip joint anatomy and biomechanical properties after implantation, such as the length of the lower limbs, the symmetry of the hip joints on both sides, the size and position of the prosthesis, and the contact characteristics between the prosthesis and the bone. These are all determined by the surgical technique and the patient's anatomical characteristics. Whether these factors are solved or not directly affects the short-term and even long-term effects of the surgery. However, the current operation mainly depends on the surgeon's experience and judgment of the anatomical structure. There is a learning curve and the risk of incorrect prosthesis position, which leads to complications such as dislocation, unequal length of the lower limbs, and prosthesis wear. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to prepare an individualized surgical guide device based on the patient's inherent anatomical data, or to prepare an acetabulum preparation guide suitable for the anatomical requirements of most patients based on the conventional prosthesis position requirements. At present, individualized osteotomy templates for total knee replacement have appeared, but guide devices for total hip replacement are still blank. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing an acetabulum, which can be used in total hip replacement surgery to perform precise and directional grinding and reaming of the acetabulum and implantation of an acetabular cup prosthesis, thereby avoiding positioning errors of the acetabular cup prosthesis and reducing the occurrence of complications.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above problems:

[0005] The Y-shaped guide arm device for acetabular preparation is processed and prepared based on the patient's imaging data, such as CT or MRI data. The patient's hip joint scan data is three-dimensionally reconstructed using specific software to determine anatomical data such as the femoral head rotation center, acetabular abduction angle, anteversion angle, lower limb length difference, and bone hyperplasia. The appropriate acetabular prosthesis abduction angle and anteversion angle are determined in the software. The exposed bony anatomical landmarks can be determined during surgery, and the reverse model is obtained by reverse engineering. The template file is designed and generated, and 3D printing is performed using specific materials such as medical plastics or metal materials in 3D printing equipment to make a template system, or the acetabular abduction angle and anteversion angle to be obtained by preoperative design are mechanically processed and prefabricated with materials that can be sterilized during surgery to make the Y-shaped guide arm device. The Y-shaped guide arm device for acetabular preparation consists of two fixed arms, a guide arm, a connecting bridge, a holding arm, and a handle. Among them, the connecting bridge is Y-shaped, with two fixed arms connected to the front end and the guide arm connected to the rear end; the fixed arm is a column of a certain height, and the cross section can be annular, semicircular or partially open annular, and the outer end surface is a concave cylindrical surface. The relative direction of the fixed arm and the connecting bridge is vertical or with a certain inclination angle. The cross section of the guide arm is semicircular, and the outer end surface is a concave cylindrical surface. The guide arm is a column of a certain height, and the guide arm is connected to the connecting bridge with a certain inclination angle. At a certain position of the body of the connecting bridge, a holding arm is connected, and the holding arm extends to the outside with a certain arc, and the end is hollow and has an internal thread. The tail of the handle is a shape suitable for hand holding, and the head is slightly thin, with an external thread, which can match the internal thread at the end of the holding arm. The fixed arm and the guide arm both extend to the top of the connecting bridge, and the bottom surface of the connecting bridge is a plane.

[0006] A Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing acetabulum is used for accurately controlling the implantation direction of acetabular rasp and acetabular cup prosthesis, and comprises two fixed arms, a guide arm, a connecting bridge, a holding arm and a handle.

[0007] In the Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing acetabulum as described above, the connecting bridge is Y-shaped, with its front end respectively connected to the two fixed arms and its rear end connected to the guide arm.

[0008] In the Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing the acetabulum as described above, the fixing arm is in a columnar shape of a certain height, and its cross section is annular, semicircular or partially open annular, and the direction in which the fixing arm extends is upward from the base surface of the connecting bridge.

[0009] In the Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing the acetabulum as described above, the outer end surface of the fixed arm is a concave cylindrical surface.

[0010] In the Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing the acetabulum as described above, the axis of the fixed arm is perpendicular to the base surface of the connecting bridge; or is inclined at an angle of 10-15 degrees to the vertical plane.

[0011] In the Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing the acetabulum as described above, the guide arm is in a columnar shape of a certain height, and its cross section is semicircular, and the direction in which the guide arm extends is upward from the base surface of the connecting bridge.

[0012] In the Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing the acetabulum as described above, the outer end surface of the guide arm is a concave cylindrical surface.

[0013] In the Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing the acetabulum as described above, the axis of the guide arm forms an angle of 10-15 degrees with the vertical plane.

[0014] In the Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing acetabulum as described above, the holding arm is arranged on the body of the connecting bridge, has a certain curvature, and extends to one side of the connecting bridge.

[0015] In the Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing the acetabulum as described above, the end of the holding arm is hollow and has an internal thread, the tail of the handle is in a shape suitable for hand holding, the head is slightly thinner and has an external thread that matches the internal thread at the end of the holding arm.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: the Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing the acetabulum of the present invention can utilize the uniquely designed Y-shaped guide arm device to accurately grind the acetabulum and accurately place the position of the acetabulum prosthesis during the operation. The acetabulum angles such as abduction angle and anteversion angle, etc., which are the same as those designed before the operation and are placed for the patient's specific anatomical data, can be strictly controlled and implemented during the operation. Thereby, the position of the ideal artificial total hip joint prosthesis in the body can be accurately controlled, thereby improving the surgical effect. The Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing the acetabulum of the present invention is convenient to use, simple to operate, and novel and reasonable in design.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent after reading the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

[0019] Figure 1 The overall assembly structure of the Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing the acetabulum according to the present invention is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 2 The overall assembly structure of the Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing the acetabulum according to the present invention is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the handle structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] At present, in total hip replacement surgery, the reaming of the acetabulum and the implantation of the acetabular cup prosthesis completely rely on the surgeon's clinical experience and the judgment of the anatomical position of the acetabulum during the operation. There is a certain learning curve and subjectivity, and there are also risks such as poor prosthesis position, dislocation, and wear. Therefore, it is necessary to explore an individualized guiding device that can be used to guide the surgeon during the operation and is suitable for the patient's own anatomical characteristics. The acetabular preparation Y-shaped guiding arm device is used in conjunction with the acetabular positioning guide plate, which helps to assist the surgeon in accurately controlling the anatomical data such as the acetabular abduction angle and anteversion angle during the operation, obtain the ideal prosthesis position, and thus reduce the probability of complications.

[0024] The implementation of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of specific embodiments:

[0025] refer to Figure 1-3 As shown, a Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing acetabulum is used for accurately controlling the implantation direction of acetabular rasp and acetabular cup prosthesis, comprising two fixed arms 10, a guide arm 20, a connecting bridge 30, a holding arm 40 and a handle 50. The connecting bridge 30 is Y-shaped, with the front end thereof respectively connected to the two fixed arms 10, and the rear end thereof connected to the guide arm 20. The fixed arm 10 is in a columnar shape of a certain height, and its cross section is a partially open ring, which is basically three-quarters circular, and the direction in which the fixed arm 10 extends is upward from the base surface of the connecting bridge 30, and the outer end surface of the fixed arm 10 is a concave cylindrical surface 11. The axis of the fixed arm 10 is perpendicular to the base surface of the connecting bridge 30. The guide arm 20 is in the shape of a column of a certain height, and its cross section is semicircular. The outer end surface of the guide arm 20 is a concave cylindrical surface 21, and the extension direction of the guide arm 20 is upward from the base surface of the connecting bridge 30, that is, the fixed arm 10 and the guide arm 20 both extend upward from the connecting bridge 30, and the bottom surface 31 of the connecting bridge 30 is a plane. The axis of the guide arm 20 is at an angle of 15 degrees with the vertical plane. The holding arm 40 is arranged on the body of the connecting bridge 30, has a certain curvature, and extends to one side of the connecting bridge 30. The end of the holding arm 40 is hollow and has an internal thread. The tail of the handle 50 is a shape suitable for hand holding, and the head is slightly thin, with an external thread, which matches the internal thread at the end of the holding arm 40.

[0026] In specific applications, the patient's hip joint imaging data, such as CT or MRI data, is first reconstructed in three dimensions using specific software to determine the anatomical data such as the femoral head rotation center, acetabular abduction angle, and acetabular anteversion angle. Determine the appropriate acetabular prosthesis abduction angle, anteversion angle, prosthesis size and other data. In the software, the exposed bony anatomical landmarks can be determined during surgery, the reverse model is obtained in reverse, and the template file is designed and generated. 3D printing is performed using specific materials such as medical plastics or metal materials in 3D printing equipment to make a Y-shaped guide arm device for acetabular preparation; or before surgery, according to the conventional acetabular prosthesis position, such as an abduction angle of 40-45° and an anteversion angle of 10-15°, a Y-shaped guide arm device for acetabular preparation suitable for most patients is manufactured.

[0027] During the operation, the acetabular rim is exposed to femoral dislocation, the soft tissue in the oval fossa is cleaned up until the bone, and the acetabular positioning guide plate is correctly placed according to the design. The external thread of the head of the Y-type guide arm handle 50 of the acetabulum is screwed into the internal thread of the end of the holding arm 40, so that it is firmly fixed. The concave cylindrical surface 21 of the guide arm 20 is closely fitted according to the direction of the acetabular positioning guide plate holding rod, and two fixed arms 10 are placed on the upper edge of the acetabulum bone, and then two 1.5-2mm diameter Kirschner wires are fixed on the upper edge of the acetabulum bone by the concave cylindrical surface through holes of the outer end faces of the fixed arm 10, so that it is firmly fixed. At this moment, remove the acetabular positioning guide plate and the acetabulum and prepare the Y-type guide arm, and then the fixed arm 10 of the acetabular preparation Y-type guide arm is sleeved on two Kirschner wires again, and the direction pointed by the cylindrical surface through holes of the outer end faces of the guide arm 20 is correct acetabular rasp and acetabular prosthesis direction. The acetabular grinding rod is fitted along the opening of the guide arm 20, so that the acetabular grinding rod is fitted with the central through hole arm of the guide arm, and the grinding and filing can be performed; after the grinding and filing is completed, the acetabular cup prosthesis implantation rod is fitted with the central through hole arm of the guide arm, and the acetabular cup prosthesis can be inserted. After the implantation is completed, the Kirschner wire and the acetabular Y-shaped guide arm can be removed to complete the whole operation.

[0028] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing acetabulum, characterized in that: Used for precise control of the implantation direction of the acetabular rasp and acetabular cup prosthesis, comprising two fixing arms, a guide arm, a connecting bridge, a holding arm and a handle; The connecting bridge is Y-shaped, with its front end connected to the two fixed arms respectively and its rear end connected to the guide arm; The fixing arm is in the shape of a column of a certain height, and its cross section is annular, semicircular or partially open annular, and the direction in which the fixing arm extends is upward from the base surface of the connecting bridge; The outer end surface of the fixed arm is a concave cylindrical surface; The axis of the fixed arm is perpendicular to the base surface of the connecting bridge; or is inclined at an angle of 10-15 degrees to the vertical plane; The guide arm is in a columnar shape with a certain height and a semicircular cross section, and the guide arm extends in a direction extending upward from the base surface of the connecting bridge; The outer end surface of the guide arm is a concave cylindrical surface; The axis of the guide arm forms an angle of 10-15 degrees with the vertical plane; The holding arm is arranged on the body of the connecting bridge, has a certain curvature, and extends to one side of the connecting bridge; 2. The Y-shaped guide arm device for preparing acetabulum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the holding arm is hollow and has an internal thread. The tail of the handle is in a shape suitable for hand holding, and the head is slightly thinner and has an external thread that matches the internal thread at the end of the holding arm.

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