An energy-saving smokeless carbonization machine

Abstract

The present invention proposes an energy-saving smokeless carbonization machine, including a machine base and an insulation chamber fixed to the machine base, the machine base is provided with a plurality of burners extending into the insulation chamber, and the plurality of burners are connected through an air supply pipe; a carbonization roller is installed in the insulation chamber, a rotating gear is provided in the middle of the carbonization roller, rollers are provided on the parts of the carbonization roller located on both sides of the rotating gear, and rollers for supporting the rollers are provided on the machine base; a front sealing device is provided at the feed port end of the carbonization roller, and a rear sealing device is provided at the discharge port end of the carbonization roller; a loading mechanism is connected to the front sealing device, and a discharging mechanism is connected to the rear sealing device; a driving mechanism is provided in the machine base; a gas storage tank connected to the air supply pipe is provided in the machine base, and a combustible gas circulation device is provided between the gas storage tank and the front sealing device; a fuel joint and an igniter connected to the air supply pipe are provided on the machine base. The present situation that the existing carbon powder preparation device cannot recycle the combustible gas is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of crop carbonization equipment, and in particular to an energy-saving smokeless carbonization machine. Background Art

[0002] Charcoal powder is charcoal powder made from crop residues (rice husks, straws, corn stalks, bean stalks, fruit shells, etc.) and forestry residues (sawdust, leaves, branches, wood chips, waste ear sticks, mushroom sticks, mushroom bags, etc.). Charcoal powder itself has high use value and is used in many fields such as industry, agriculture, and life. For example, in the industrial field, it can be used for metallurgy, chemical industry, medicine or environmental protection; in the agricultural field, it can be used to increase ground temperature, improve soil or as a slow-release agent for pesticides and fertilizers; in life, charcoal made from charcoal powder can be used for heating, combustion, etc., and it has the advantages of being smokeless and non-toxic during the combustion process.

[0003] The principle of preparing charcoal powder is to heat crop residues or forestry residues to a certain temperature in an oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient state, and then decompose them into combustible gas, tar, charcoal powder, etc.

[0004] The existing carbon powder preparation device is completely heated by external heat, consumes a lot of fuel and has high costs, while ignoring the recovery and utilization of combustible gas and tar vapor. The combustible gas directly discharged into the environment also poses an environmental pollution problem. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an energy-saving smokeless carbonization machine, which solves the problem that the existing carbon powder preparation device cannot recycle the combustible gas.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A kind of energy-saving smokeless carbonization machine comprises a machine base and an insulation chamber fixed to the machine base, the machine base is provided with a plurality of burners extending into the insulation chamber, and the plurality of burners are connected by an air supply pipe; a carbonization roller is installed in the insulation chamber, which passes obliquely from the feed port end to the discharge port end and is located above the burner, the middle part of the carbonization roller is provided with a rotating gear, and the parts of the carbonization roller located on both sides of the rotating gear are provided with rollers, and the machine base is provided with rollers for supporting the rollers; the feed port end of the carbonization roller is provided with a front sealing device for sealing the feed end, and the discharge port end of the carbonization roller is provided with a rear sealing device for sealing the discharge end; the front sealing device is connected to the feeding mechanism, and the rear sealing device is connected to the unloading mechanism; a driving mechanism for driving the rotating gear is provided in the machine base; a gas storage tank connected to the air supply pipe is provided in the machine base, and a combustible gas circulation device is provided between the gas storage tank and the front sealing device; a fuel joint and an igniter connected to the air supply pipe are provided on the machine base.

[0008] Preferably, the angle between the central axis of the carbonization drum and the horizontal axis is 5°.

[0009] Preferably, the inner side wall of the carbonization drum is provided with spiral grooves arranged along the length direction thereof.

[0010] Preferably, the combustible gas circulation device includes three groups of spray cooling components connected in sequence, each group of spray cooling components includes a connected spray washing tower and a cooling tower, the air inlet of the spray cooling component is connected to the gas tank through an induced air pipe, and an induced draft fan is installed on the pipeline connecting the spray cooling component and the gas tank; the liquid outlets of the spray washing tower and the cooling tower are both connected to a water reservoir, and the water reservoir is connected to the sprayer on the spray washing tower through a water inlet pipe, and a water pump is installed on the water inlet pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the front sealing device comprises a front support and a front sealing end head fixedly connected to the front support, and a first elastic braided sealing steel belt is provided between the front sealing end head and the feed end of the carbonizing drum.

[0012] Preferably, the rear sealing device comprises a rear support and a rear sealing end head fixedly connected to the rear support, and a second elastic braided sealing steel belt is provided between the rear sealing end head and the discharge end of the carbonizing drum.

[0013] Preferably, the feeding mechanism includes a primary screw conveyor and a secondary screw conveyor, the discharge port of the secondary screw conveyor is connected to the front end sealing end, and the discharge port of the primary screw conveyor is sealedly connected to the feed port of the secondary screw conveyor; the inner diameter of the primary screw conveyor is smaller than the inner diameter of the secondary screw conveyor.

[0014] Preferably, the unloading mechanism comprises a discharge pipe connected to a rear sealed end, and a discharge screw conveyor is connected to the discharge pipe.

[0015] Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises a driving gear installed in the machine base and meshing with the rotating gear, and a driving motor is connected to the driving gear.

[0016] Preferably, the insulation chamber includes an insulation shell fixedly connected to the machine base and wrapping the carbonization drum, and the upper and lower ends of the insulation shell are both provided with openings; installation grooves close to the upper end openings are opened on the two side walls of the insulation shell, and an insulation plate is slidably installed in the installation groove.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. Before entering the carbonization process, liquefied gas is first added through the fuel joint to heat the outside of the carbonization drum. When the temperature in the carbonization drum reaches the carbonization temperature requirement, the combustible gas, tar vapor, etc. generated after the crop residues or forestry residues are carbonized are processed by the combustible gas circulation device and then supplied to the burner for continuous combustion; at this time, the fuel added to the fuel joint can be disconnected to form a process of recycling the internally generated flue gas. No smoke or water is discharged to the outside during the entire carbonization process;

[0019] 2. Recycle the combustible gas for the second time, thereby reducing the use of fuel and lowering production costs, while avoiding external emissions and protecting the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a combustible gas circulation device;

[0022] Figure 3 It is the structural diagram of the insulation room;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the carbonization drum;

[0024] In the figure, a machine base 1, an insulation chamber 2, an insulation shell 21, an insulation board 22, a burner 3, an air supply pipe 4, a carbonization roller 5, a spiral groove 51, an observation window 52, ​​a rotating gear 6, a roller 7, a roller 8, a front sealing device 9, a front support 91, a front sealing end 92, a first elastic braided sealing steel belt 93, a rear sealing device 10, a rear support 101, a rear sealing end 102, a second elastic braided sealing steel belt 103, a feeding mechanism 11, a first-level spiral conveyor Conveyor 111, two-stage screw conveyor 112, unloading mechanism 12, discharge pipe 121, discharging screw conveyor 122, driving mechanism 13, driving gear 131, driving motor 132, gas storage tank 14, combustible gas circulation device 15, spray washing tower 151, cooling tower 152, air duct 153, induced draft fan 154, water reservoir 155, water inlet pipe 156, water pump 157, fuel joint 16, igniter 17, observation hole 18. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1 to Figure 4As shown, the present invention provides an energy-saving smokeless carbonization machine, including a machine base 1 and an insulation chamber 2 fixedly connected to the machine base 1, the machine base 1 is provided with a plurality of burners 3 extending into the insulation chamber 2, wherein the burner 3 mainly burns gaseous fuel to form a heating flame, and the plurality of burners 3 are connected through an air supply pipe 4; a carbonization roller 5 is installed in the insulation chamber 2, which passes obliquely from the feed port end to the discharge port end and is located above the burner 3, when the burner 3 is working, the carbonization roller 5 is heated to reach the temperature required for the carbonization process, and at the same time, in order to facilitate the observation of the carbonization state in the carbonization roller 5, an observation window 52 is also provided on the carbonization roller 5; and a rotating gear 6 is provided in the middle of the carbonization roller 5, and rollers 7 are provided on the parts of the carbonization roller 5 located on both sides of the rotating gear 6, and rollers 8 for supporting the rollers 7 are provided on the machine base 1; a front sealing device 9 for sealing the feed port end of the carbonization roller 5 is provided, A rear sealing device 10 for sealing the discharge end is provided at the discharge port end of the drum 5. The feed end and the discharge end of the carbonization drum 5 are sealed by the front sealing device 9 and the rear sealing device 10, so as to ensure that a good carbonization environment is formed during the carbonization process. On the one hand, it can improve the carbonization efficiency, and on the other hand, it can avoid the leakage of smoke generated during the carbonization process; the front sealing device 9 is connected to a loading mechanism 11, and the rear sealing device 10 is connected to a discharging mechanism 12; a driving mechanism 13 for driving the rotating gear 6 is provided in the machine base 1. After the carbonization drum 5 is driven to rotate by the driving mechanism 13, the entire carbonization drum 5 is heated evenly, so that the internal material can be continuously carbonized; a gas storage tank 14 connected to the gas supply pipe 4 is provided in the machine base 1, and a combustible gas circulation device 15 is provided between the gas storage tank 14 and the front sealing device 9; a fuel joint 16 and an igniter 17 connected to the gas supply pipe 4 are provided on the machine base 1.

[0027] The pellets formed by crushing the crop residues or forestry residues are added to the carbonization drum 5 through the feeding mechanism 11, and the driving mechanism 13 drives the entire carbonization drum 5 to rotate slowly on the roller 8, and the inclination angle of the carbonization drum 5 is used to allow the pellets to continuously move from the feeding end to the discharging end; at the same time, the fuel is transported to the combustion chamber by the fuel joint 16 and ignited by the igniter 17, so that the entire carbonization drum 5 is heated by a plurality of burners 3, and the carbonization process begins after the heating temperature reaches 500-600°C, and the pellets are continuously carbonized in the carbonization drum 5 for 20 minutes to complete the carbonization of the charcoal powder. Preparation; During the above-mentioned carbonization process, the particulate matter forms decomposition products such as carbon powder, tar vapor and combustible gas. The combustible gas and tar vapor are transported to the combustible gas circulation device 15 for treatment to form pure combustible gas, which is then transported to the gas storage tank 14 for buffering, and at the same time, gas is supplied to the burner 3 to replace the fuel for combustion and heat supply; when the combustible gas output and treated in the carbonization drum 5 can meet the combustion requirements, the fuel provided by the outside is stopped to form an internal circulation, which effectively reduces the fuel usage and avoids the current situation of internally generated smoke being discharged, thereby fully realizing the secondary circulation of exhaust gas.

[0028] In order to allow the particles in the carbonization drum 5 to move continuously from the feed end to the discharge end and avoid the particles from moving too fast, the angle between the central axis of the carbonization drum 5 and the horizontal axis is set to 5°, so that the generated flue gas can move toward the feed end of the carbonization drum, and quickly enter the combustible gas circulation device 15; at the same time, a spiral groove 51 arranged along its length direction is opened on the inner side wall of the carbonization drum 5. When the carbonization drum 5 is rotating, the particles can continue to move under the guiding action of the spiral groove 51, so that the particles can be evenly and continuously heated, thereby improving the carbonization efficiency.

[0029] The flue gas discharged from the carbonization drum 5 is processed by the combustible gas circulation device 15 to form pure combustible gas, which effectively prevents the occurrence of non-combustible or dangerous conditions during the combustion process. The combustible gas circulation device 15 includes three groups of spray cooling components connected in sequence, and each group of spray cooling components includes a spray washing tower 151 and a cooling tower 152 connected. The air inlet of the spray cooling component is connected to the gas storage tank 14 through an air induced draft pipe 153, and an induced draft fan 154 is installed on the pipeline connecting the spray cooling component and the gas storage tank 14; the liquid outlets of the spray washing tower 151 and the cooling tower 152 are connected to a water reservoir 155, and the water reservoir 155 It has the functional division of filtering and precipitation. The waste generated by cleaning is precipitated in the precipitation area and filtered, so that the water in the water reservoir 155 can be recycled, and the sediment in the precipitation area can be recycled for secondary use. The water reservoir 155 is connected to the sprayer on the spray washing tower 151 through the water inlet pipe 156, and the water inlet pipe 156 is installed with a water pump 157; through the induced draft of the induced draft fan 154, the flue gas enters the three groups of spray cooling components in turn, and the tar vapor and impurities can be completely washed out after three levels of spraying and cooling, and the temperature of the combustible gas is reduced to room temperature, so as to avoid the combustible gas in a high temperature state from entering the gas storage tank 14 and causing storage hazards. The tar vapor, carbon water vapor, etc. mixed in the combustible gas enter the water reservoir for precipitation after spray cleaning and cooling, and can be reused for secondary use after subsequent filtration; the tar component can be separated and used as fuel, asphalt pavement additives, etc., and the solid carbon component precipitated from the carbon water can be added to the carbon powder for synchronous recycling.

[0030] In order to allow the front sealing device 9 to reliably seal the feed end of the carbonizing drum 5, the front sealing device 9 includes a front support 91 and a front sealing end head 92 fixedly connected to the front support 91, and a first elastic braided sealing steel belt 93 is provided between the front sealing end head 92 and the feed end of the carbonizing drum 5. The carbonizing drum 5 and the front sealing end head 92 are dynamically sealed by the first elastic braided sealing steel belt 93, so that the carbonizing drum 5 can be kept in a sealed state during the rotation process; similarly, the discharge end of the carbonizing drum 5 is reliably sealed by the rear sealing device 10, and the rear sealing device 10 includes a rear support 101 and a rear sealing end head 102 fixedly connected to the rear support 101, and a second elastic braided sealing steel belt 103 is provided between the rear sealing end head 102 and the discharge end of the carbonizing drum 5, and the second elastic braided sealing steel belt 103 is used for dynamic sealing connection.

[0031] In order to adapt to the low-level loading of the raw material warehouse and prevent the material from getting stuck during the material transportation process, the loading mechanism 11 includes a primary screw conveyor 111 and a secondary screw conveyor 112. The discharge port of the secondary screw conveyor 112 is connected to the front sealing end, and the discharge port of the primary screw conveyor 111 is sealed and connected to the feed port of the secondary screw conveyor 112. The inner diameter of the primary screw conveyor 111 is smaller than the inner diameter of the secondary screw conveyor 112, and when running, the secondary screw conveyor 112 moves first and the primary screw conveyor 111 moves later, and when stopping, the primary screw conveyor 111 stops first and the secondary screw conveyor 112 stops later.

[0032] The formed carbon powder is discharged through a discharge mechanism 12, which includes a discharge pipe 121 connected to the rear sealed end head 102, and a discharge screw conveyor 122 is connected to the discharge pipe 121. After the carbon powder is transported to the rear sealed end head 102 through the carbonization roller 5, it enters the discharge screw conveyor 122 through the discharge pipe 121 and is discharged through the discharge screw conveyor 122.

[0033] Among them, the first-stage screw conveyor 111, the second-stage screw conveyor 112, and the discharging screw conveyor 122 all include a cylinder and an auger located in the cylinder, and the auger is driven by a motor.

[0034] The carbonizing drum 5 is driven to rotate by the driving mechanism 13, and the driving mechanism 13 includes a driving gear 131 installed in the machine base 1 and meshing with the rotating gear 6, and a driving motor 132 is connected to the driving gear 131; when the driving motor 132 is running, it drives the driving gear 131 to rotate, so that the carbonizing drum 5 rotates on the machine base 1, so that the particles in the carbonizing drum 5 are evenly heated.

[0035] In order to facilitate the repair or maintenance of the equipment in the insulation chamber 2, the insulation chamber 2 includes an insulation shell 21 fixed to the machine base 1 and wrapping the carbonization drum 5, and the upper and lower ends of the insulation shell 21 are both provided with openings; installation grooves close to the upper end openings are provided on the two side walls of the insulation shell 21, and an insulation plate 22 is slidably installed in the installation groove; the insulation plate 22 can be removed from the insulation shell 21, which is convenient for fault inspection, maintenance and the like.

[0036] At the same time, in order to maintain the heating state during the entire carbonization process to meet the carbonization requirements, it is necessary to always observe the working state of the internal burner 3. An observation hole 18 for observing the internal combustion state is also installed on the machine base 1, and the observation hole 18 is provided with high-temperature resistant tempered glass.

[0037] In the interpretation of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "front", "rear", "primary", "secondary", etc. are only for the convenience of description and understanding, and are not limitations on the function, installation, or quantity of specific technical features; in addition, the connection relationship expressed by conjunctions such as "connect", "install", and "provided with" can indicate fixed connection, active connection, etc., and the specific connection method should be judged in combination with the specific application scenario.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-saving smokeless carbonization machine, characterized in that: The invention comprises a machine base (1) and a heat preservation chamber (2) fixedly connected to the machine base (1); the machine base (1) is provided with a plurality of burners (3) extending into the heat preservation chamber (2); the plurality of burners (3) are connected via an air supply pipe (4); a carbonization roller (5) is installed in the heat preservation chamber (2) and passes obliquely from the feed port end to the discharge port end and is located above the burner (3); a rotating gear (6) is provided in the middle of the carbonization roller (5); rollers (7) are provided on the portions of the carbonization roller (5) located on both sides of the rotating gear (6); and a supporting roller (8) for supporting the roller (7) is provided on the machine base (1); The feed port end of the carbonizing drum (5) is provided with a front sealing device (9) for sealing the feed port end, and the discharge port end of the carbonizing drum (5) is provided with a rear sealing device (10) for sealing the discharge port end; The front sealing device (9) is connected to a loading mechanism (11), and the rear sealing device (10) is connected to a discharging mechanism (12); The base (1) is provided with a driving mechanism (13) for driving the rotating gear (6); The machine base (1) is provided with a gas storage tank (14) which is in communication with the gas supply pipe (4), and a combustible gas circulation device (15) is provided between the gas storage tank (14) and the front sealing device (9); The base (1) is provided with a fuel joint (16) and an igniter (17) which are connected to the air supply pipe (4); The inner side wall of the carbonization drum (5) is provided with spiral grooves (51) arranged along the length direction thereof; The combustible gas circulation device (15) comprises three groups of spray cooling components connected in sequence, each group of spray cooling components comprises a spray washing tower (151) and a cooling tower (152) connected in sequence, an air inlet of the spray cooling component is connected to the gas storage tank (14) via an air induced draft pipe (153), and an induced draft fan (154) is installed on the pipeline connecting the spray cooling component and the gas storage tank (14); The liquid outlets of the spray washing tower (151) and the cooling tower (152) are both connected to a water reservoir (155), and the water reservoir (155) is connected to the sprayer on the spray washing tower (151) through a water inlet pipe (156), and a water pump (157) is installed on the water inlet pipe (156); The front sealing device (9) comprises a front support (91) and a front sealing end head (92) fixed to the front support (91), and a first elastic braided sealing steel belt (93) is provided between the front sealing end head (92) and the feeding end of the carbonizing drum (5); The rear sealing device (10) comprises a rear support (101) and a rear sealing end head (102) fixed to the rear support (101), and a second elastic braided sealing steel belt (103) is provided between the rear sealing end head (102) and the discharge end of the carbonization drum (5); The feeding mechanism (11) comprises a primary screw conveyor (111) and a secondary screw conveyor (112); the discharge port of the secondary screw conveyor (112) is communicated with a front sealing end; the discharge port of the primary screw conveyor (111) is sealedly connected with a feed port of the secondary screw conveyor (112); the inner diameter of the primary screw conveyor (111) is smaller than the inner diameter of the secondary screw conveyor (112); The discharge mechanism (12) comprises a discharge pipe (121) connected to the rear sealing end (102), and a discharge screw conveyor (122) is connected to the discharge pipe (121); The driving mechanism (13) comprises a driving gear (131) installed in the machine base (1) and meshing with the rotating gear (6); the driving gear (131) is connected to a driving motor (132).

2. The energy-saving smokeless carbonization machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the central axis of the carbonization drum (5) and the horizontal axis is 5°.

3. The energy-saving smokeless carbonization machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulation chamber (2) comprises an insulation shell (21) fixedly connected to the machine base (1) and wrapping the carbonization drum (5), and the upper and lower ends of the insulation shell (21) are both provided with openings; the two side walls of the insulation shell (21) are provided with installation grooves close to the upper openings, and an insulation plate (22) is slidably installed in the installation grooves.

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