A cooling system and cooling method for a tritium breeder experimental blanket module

Abstract

The present invention belongs to fusion reactor technology, specifically a cooling system and cooling method for a tritium breeder test blanket module, the cooling system includes a regenerator connected to the outlet of the tritium breeder test blanket module, a heater connected to the inlet of the tritium breeder test blanket module, a circulating fan and a water cooler, the cooling medium is pressurized by the circulating fan and then passes through the cold side of the regenerator, heat exchanges with the previous round of cooling medium discharged from the tritium breeder test blanket module, and then enters the heater and heats up before entering the tritium breeder test blanket module to cool it; the cooling medium discharged from the module enters the hot side of the regenerator, heat exchanges with a new round of cooling medium from the circulating fan in the regenerator, and finally enters the circulating fan. The system and method can effectively improve the utilization rate of energy, greatly reduce the power consumption of the heater and the cooling water consumption of the water cooler, have great technical advantages, and can be used in the cooling of the tritium breeder test blanket module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to fusion reactor technology, and in particular relates to a blanket module cooling system and a cooling method. Background Art

[0002] In fusion reactor systems, helium is used to cool components that come into contact with plasma, such as blankets and divertors. Among them, the blanket module is a key device to verify whether the fusion reactor can achieve tritium self-sustaining and extract the huge energy generated by fusion. my country has developed its own helium-cooled tritium breeder experimental blanket technology. The experimental blanket module will be used as an important component to conduct multiple functional tests such as tritium breeding and energy extraction on the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).

[0003] During the operation of the ITER device, the maximum heat generated in my country's experimental blanket module is about 0.78MW. The tritium breeder experimental blanket module needs to be cooled by appropriate methods to prevent the blanket module body and the solid breeder filled inside the blanket module from being destroyed by the huge heat generated by the plasma operation, which will further cause the cooling medium to enter the vacuum chamber inside the ITER device, causing the entire device to shut down.

[0004] CN106935284A discloses a fusion reactor cooling system, which consists of a main circuit, a cooling water system, a supercooled water system, an air supply and pressure control system, a vacuum system, an overpressure protection system, and a coolant purification system. The system provides a cooling system with helium as a medium for a fusion reactor, which includes a main circuit, an air supply system and a pressure control system, a vacuum system, an overpressure protection system, an instrumentation system, etc. However, the system is relatively complex and has low energy utilization. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cooling system and a cooling method for a tritium breeder experimental blanket module, which have simple flow and high energy utilization rate.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A cooling system for a tritium breeder experiment blanket module, comprising a regenerator connected to an outlet of the tritium breeder experiment blanket module, a heater connected to an inlet of the tritium breeder experiment blanket module, a circulating fan and a water cooler;

[0008] The regenerator is provided with two inlets and two outlets, namely, a regenerator hot side inlet, a regenerator cold side inlet, a regenerator hot side outlet and a regenerator cold side outlet;

[0009] The heater is provided with two inlets and two outlets, namely, a heater inlet, a heater outlet, a heater heating working fluid side inlet and a heater heating working fluid side outlet;

[0010] The circulation fan is provided with a circulation fan inlet and a circulation fan outlet;

[0011] The water cooler is provided with two inlets and two outlets, namely, a cooling medium side inlet of the water cooler, a cooling medium side outlet of the water cooler, a water side inlet of the water cooler and a water side outlet of the water cooler;

[0012] The outlet of the circulating fan is connected to the inlet of the cold side of the regenerator through a pipeline, the outlet of the cold side of the regenerator is connected to the inlet of the heater through a pipeline, the outlet of the heater is connected to the inlet of the tritium breeding experiment blanket module through a pipeline, the outlet of the tritium breeding experiment blanket module is connected to the inlet pipeline of the hot side of the regenerator, the outlet of the hot side of the regenerator is connected to the inlet pipeline of the cooling medium side of the water cooler, and the outlet of the cooling medium side of the water cooler is connected to the inlet of the circulating fan through a pipeline.

[0013] A filter is provided on the pipeline connecting the cooling medium side outlet of the water cooler and the circulating fan inlet. The filter is provided with a filter inlet and a filter outlet. The cooling medium side outlet of the water cooler is connected to the filter inlet pipeline, and the filter outlet is connected to the circulating fan inlet pipeline.

[0014] The regenerator and water cooler are shell and tube heat exchangers, printed circuit board heat exchangers, or sleeve and tube heat exchangers;

[0015] The heater is an electric heater, an electromagnetic heater or an induction heater.

[0016] The circulating fan is a centrifugal compressor or an oil-free diaphragm compressor.

[0017] A cooling method for a tritium breeder experimental blanket module comprises the following steps:

[0018] Step 1) pressurizing the cooling medium to 5.14-15.1 MPa by a circulating fan;

[0019] Step 2) the pressurized cooling medium passes through the cold side of the regenerator, and exchanges heat with the previous round of cooling medium discharged from the tritium breeding experiment blanket module inside the regenerator until the cooling medium temperature reaches 195-510° C.;

[0020] Step 3) After the cooling medium enters the heater, the temperature is raised to 200-550°C, and the pressure is controlled to 5-15MPa;

[0021] Step 4) The cooling medium comes out of the heater and enters the tritium breeding experiment blanket module to cool it;

[0022] Step 5) The cooling medium discharged from the tritium breeding experiment blanket module enters the hot side of the regenerator, and exchanges heat with a new round of cooling medium from the circulating fan in the regenerator, and the cooling medium temperature is reduced by 210-238°C;

[0023] Step 6) The cooling medium enters the water cooler and the temperature is reduced to 50°C;

[0024] Step 7) The cooling medium enters the circulating fan.

[0025] In the step 7), the cooling medium first enters the filter to remove impurities and then enters the circulating fan.

[0026] The cooling medium is one or more of helium, water or carbon dioxide.

[0027] In the step 3), the cooling medium is heated to 250-400° C. after entering the heater, and the pressure is controlled to be 7-10 MPa.

[0028] The remarkable effects of the present invention are as follows: the regenerator and the water cooler adopt printed circuit board type heat exchangers, which have high heat exchange efficiency, small size and light weight. The circulating fan adopts a centrifugal compressor, which can provide a cooling medium with stable flow and pressure for the experimental blanket module. The heater adopts an electric heater, which has a fast response time and high-precision temperature control. The cooling medium is pressurized in the circulating fan and circulates in the entire closed loop. The cooling medium discharged from the water cooler enters the filter for filtration, and after removing impurities such as dust, welding slag, and active substances, it enters the circulating fan. This method can effectively improve the utilization rate of energy, greatly reduce the power consumption of the heater and the cooling water consumption of the water cooler, has great technical advantages, and can be used for the cooling of the tritium breeder experimental blanket module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling system for the tritium breeder experiment blanket module;

[0030] In the figure: 1. circulating fan; 2. regenerator; 3. heater; 4. tritium breeding experiment blanket module; 5. water cooler; 6. filter; 7. circulating fan inlet; 8. circulating fan outlet; 9. regenerator cold side inlet; 10. regenerator cold side outlet; 11. heater inlet; 12. heater outlet; 13. tritium breeding experiment blanket module inlet; 14. tritium breeding experiment blanket module outlet; 15. regenerator hot side inlet; 16. regenerator hot side outlet; 17. water cooler cooling medium side inlet; 18. water cooler cooling medium side outlet; 19. filter inlet; 20. filter outlet; 21. heater heating working fluid side inlet; 22. heater heating working fluid side outlet; 23. water cooler water side inlet; 24. water cooler water side outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described below through the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the cooling system includes a regenerator 2 connected to the outlet 14 of the tritium breeding experiment blanket module 4, a heater 3 connected to the inlet 13 of the tritium breeding experiment blanket module 4, a circulating fan 1, a water cooler 5 and a filter 6. The above components are connected through pipelines.

[0033] The regenerator 2 is provided with two inlets and two outlets, namely, a regenerator hot side inlet 15, a regenerator cold side inlet 9, a regenerator hot side outlet 16 and a regenerator cold side outlet 10;

[0034] The heater 3 is provided with two inlets and two outlets, namely, a heater inlet 11, a heater outlet 12, a heater heating medium side inlet 21 and a heater heating medium side outlet 22;

[0035] The circulation fan 1 is provided with a circulation fan inlet 7 and a circulation fan outlet 8;

[0036] The water cooler 5 is provided with two inlets and two outlets, namely, a water cooler cooling medium side inlet 17, a water cooler cooling medium side outlet 18, a water cooler water side inlet 23 and a water cooler water side outlet 24;

[0037] The filter 6 is provided with a filter inlet 19 and a filter outlet 20;

[0038] The connection relationship between each device is as follows:

[0039] The circulating fan outlet 8 is connected to the regenerator cold side inlet 9 through a pipeline, the regenerator cold side outlet 10 is connected to the heater inlet 11 through a pipeline, the heater outlet 12 is connected to the inlet 13 of the tritium breeding experiment blanket module 4 through a pipeline, the outlet 14 of the tritium breeding experiment blanket module 4 is connected to the regenerator hot side inlet 15 through a pipeline, the regenerator hot side outlet 16 is connected to the water cooler cooling medium side inlet 17 through a pipeline, the water cooler cooling medium side outlet 18 is connected to the filter inlet 19 through a pipeline, and the filter outlet 20 is connected to the circulating fan inlet 7 through a pipeline.

[0040] Step 1, pressurizing the cooling medium to 5.14-15.1 MPa through the circulating fan 1;

[0041] Step 2, the pressurized cooling medium passes through the cold side of the regenerator 2, and exchanges heat with the previous round of cooling medium discharged from the tritium breeding experiment blanket module 4 inside the regenerator 2 until the cooling medium temperature reaches 195-510°C;

[0042] Step 3, the cooling medium enters the heater 3 and is heated to 200-550°C, and the pressure is controlled to 5-15MPa;

[0043] Step 4: The cooling medium comes out of the heater 3 and enters the tritium breeding experiment blanket module 4 to be cooled;

[0044] Step 5: The cooling medium discharged from the tritium breeding experiment blanket module 4 enters the hot side of the regenerator 2, and exchanges heat with a new round of cooling medium from the circulating fan 1 in the regenerator 2, and the temperature of the cooling medium is reduced by 210-238°C;

[0045] Step 6, the cooling medium enters the water cooler 5, and the temperature is reduced to 50°C;

[0046] Step 7: The cooling medium enters the filter 6 to remove impurities and then enters the circulating fan 1.

[0047] The cooling medium is at least one of helium, water or carbon dioxide;

[0048] A more preferred solution is that the pressure of the cooling medium entering the tritium breeding experiment blanket module 4 is 7-10 MPa and the temperature is 250-400°C.

[0049] The regenerator 2 and the water cooler 5 are shell and tube heat exchangers or printed circuit board heat exchangers or sleeve and tube heat exchangers;

[0050] The heater 3 is an electric heater, an electromagnetic heater or an induction heater;

[0051] The circulating fan 1 is a centrifugal compressor or an oil-free diaphragm compressor.

[0052] [Example 1]

[0053] The cooling medium is helium; after being pressurized by the fan, the pressure of the helium is 5.14MPa and the temperature is 60℃. It enters the regenerator to exchange heat with the helium discharged from the blanket module. After the heat exchange, the temperature of the helium rises to 195℃. The helium enters the heater. After being heated by the heater, the temperature is 200℃ and the pressure is 5MPa; the helium with a temperature of 200℃ and a pressure of 5MPa enters the experimental blanket module to cool the blanket module; the temperature of the helium discharged from the experimental blanket module is 344℃ and the pressure is 4.7MPa; this helium exchanges heat with the helium at the fan outlet in the regenerator, and the temperature is reduced to 210℃; then the helium passes through the water cooler and the temperature is reduced to 50℃; the helium passes through the filter to remove impurities and enters the fan suction port. In this embodiment, the heating power of the heater is 27kW, and the helium flow rate is 740.9m 3 / h, the cooling water consumption of the water cooler is 69t / h.

[0054] [Example 2]

[0055] The cooling medium is helium; after being pressurized by the fan, the pressure of the helium is 15.1MPa and the temperature is 60℃. It enters the regenerator to exchange heat with the helium discharged from the blanket module. After the heat exchange, the temperature of the helium rises to 510℃. The helium enters the heater. After being heated by the heater, the temperature is 550℃ and the pressure is 15MPa; the helium with a temperature of 550℃ and a pressure of 15MPa enters the experimental blanket module to cool the blanket module; the temperature of the helium discharged from the experimental blanket module is 694℃ and the pressure is 14.6MPa; this helium exchanges heat with the helium at the fan outlet in the regenerator, and the temperature is reduced to 238℃; then the helium passes through the water cooler and the temperature is reduced to 50℃; the helium passes through the filter to remove impurities and enters the fan suction port. The heating power of the heater in this embodiment is 216.2kW, and the helium flow rate is 433.4m 3 / h, the cooling water consumption of the water cooler is 80.4t / h.

[0056] [Example 3]

[0057] The cooling medium is helium; after being pressurized by the fan, the pressure of the helium is 8.1MPa and the temperature is 60°C. It enters the regenerator to exchange heat with the helium discharged from the blanket module. After the heat exchange, the temperature of the helium rises to 290°C. The helium enters the heater. After being heated by the heater, the temperature is 300°C and the pressure is 8MPa; the helium with a temperature of 300°C and a pressure of 8MPa enters the experimental blanket module to cool the blanket module; the temperature of the helium discharged from the experimental blanket module is 445°C and the pressure is 7.7MPa; this helium exchanges heat with the helium at the fan outlet in the regenerator, and the temperature is reduced to 215°C; then the helium passes through the water cooler and the temperature is reduced to 50°C; the helium passes through the filter to remove impurities and enters the fan suction port. In this embodiment, the heating power of the heater is 54kW, and the helium flow rate is 562.3m 3 / h, the cooling water consumption of the water cooler is 71.2t / h.

[0058] [Example 4]

[0059] The cooling medium is helium; after being pressurized by the fan, the pressure of the helium is 12.09MPa and the temperature is 60°C. It enters the regenerator to exchange heat with the helium discharged from the blanket module. After the heat exchange, the temperature of the helium rises to 470°C. The helium enters the heater. After being heated by the heater, the temperature is 500°C and the pressure is 12MPa; the helium with a temperature of 500°C and a pressure of 12MPa enters the experimental blanket module to cool the blanket module; the temperature of the helium discharged from the experimental blanket module is 644°C and the pressure is 11.6MPa; this helium exchanges heat with the helium at the fan outlet in the regenerator, and the temperature is reduced to 230°C; then the helium passes through the water cooler and the temperature is reduced to 50°C; the helium passes through the filter to remove impurities and enters the fan suction port. The heating power of the heater in this embodiment is 162kW, and the helium flow rate is 507.3m 3 / h, the cooling water consumption of the water cooler is 77.3t / h.

Claims

1. A cooling method for a tritium breeder experimental blanket module, characterized in that: A cooling system for a tritium breeder experiment blanket module is constructed, comprising a regenerator (2) connected to an outlet (14) of the tritium breeder experiment blanket module (4), a heater (3) connected to an inlet (13) of the tritium breeder experiment blanket module (4), a circulating fan (1) and a water cooler (5); The regenerator (2) is provided with two inlets and two outlets, namely, a regenerator hot side inlet (15), a regenerator cold side inlet (9), a regenerator hot side outlet (16) and a regenerator cold side outlet (10); The heater (3) is provided with two inlets and two outlets, namely, a heater inlet (11), a heater outlet (12), a heater heating medium side inlet (21) and a heater heating medium side outlet (22); The circulation fan (1) is provided with a circulation fan inlet (7) and a circulation fan outlet (8); The water cooler (5) is provided with two inlets and two outlets, namely, a water cooler cooling medium side inlet (17), a water cooler cooling medium side outlet (18), a water cooler water side inlet (23) and a water cooler water side outlet (24); The circulation fan outlet (8) is connected to the cold side inlet (9) of the regenerator through a pipeline, the cold side outlet (10) of the regenerator is connected to the heater inlet (11) through a pipeline, the heater outlet (12) is connected to the inlet (13) of the tritium breeding experiment blanket module (4) through a pipeline, the outlet (14) of the tritium breeding experiment blanket module (4) is connected to the hot side inlet (15) of the regenerator through a pipeline, the hot side outlet (16) of the regenerator is connected to the cooling medium side inlet (17) of the water cooler through a pipeline, and the cooling medium side outlet (18) of the water cooler is connected to the circulation fan inlet (7) through a pipeline; A filter (6) is provided on a pipeline connecting the cooling medium side outlet (18) of the water cooler and the circulating fan inlet (7), wherein the filter (6) is provided with a filter inlet (19) and a filter outlet (20), the cooling medium side outlet (18) of the water cooler is connected to the filter inlet (19) pipeline, and the filter outlet (20) is connected to the circulating fan inlet (7) pipeline; After setting up the cooling system for the Tritium Breeder Experimental Blanket Module, proceed as follows: Step 1) pressurizing the cooling medium to 5.14-15.1 MPa via a circulating fan (1); Step 2) the pressurized cooling medium passes through the cold side of the regenerator (2) and exchanges heat with the previous round of cooling medium discharged from the tritium breeding experiment blanket module (4) inside the regenerator (2) until the cooling medium temperature reaches 195-510° C.; Step 3) After the cooling medium enters the heater (3), the temperature is raised to 200-550° C. and the pressure is controlled to be 5-15 MPa; Step 4) the cooling medium comes out of the heater (3) and enters the tritium breeding experiment blanket module (4) to cool it; Step 5) The cooling medium discharged from the tritium breeding experiment blanket module (4) enters the hot side of the regenerator (2), and exchanges heat with a new round of cooling medium discharged from the circulating fan (1) in the regenerator (2), and the temperature of the cooling medium is reduced by 210 to 238° C.; Step 6) The cooling medium enters the water cooler (5) and the temperature is reduced to 50°C; Step 7) The cooling medium enters the circulating fan (1).

2. A cooling method for a tritium breeder test blanket module according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 7), the cooling medium first enters the filter (6) to remove impurities and then enters the circulating fan (1).

3. A cooling method for a tritium breeder test blanket module as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling medium is one or more of helium, water or carbon dioxide.

4. A cooling method for a tritium breeder test blanket module as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 3), the cooling medium enters the heater (3) and is heated to 250-400°C, and the pressure is controlled to be 7-10 MPa.

5. A cooling method for a tritium breeder test blanket module as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The regenerator (2) and the water cooler (5) are shell and tube heat exchangers, printed circuit board heat exchangers, or sleeve and tube heat exchangers.

6. A cooling method for a tritium breeder test blanket module as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The heater (3) is an electric heater, an electromagnetic heater or an induction heater.

7. A cooling method for a tritium breeder test blanket module as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The circulating fan (1) is a centrifugal compressor or an oil-free diaphragm compressor.

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