A locking device

Abstract

The invention provides a locking device, which relates to the technical field of amusement equipment. The locking device comprises a ratchet wheel fixedly mounted on a main shaft; at least two ratchets inserted into the tooth gap of the ratchet wheel; a ratchet driving mechanism for synchronously driving at least two ratchets to enter or leave the tooth gap of the ratchet wheel; at least two ratchets are sequentially inserted into the tooth gap along the circumferential direction of the ratchet wheel to a depth from deep to shallow, and the spacing between the ratchets inserted into the tooth gap from deep to shallow and the tooth surfaces of the ratchet wheel in the same rotation direction increases sequentially; after a part of the ratchets or the teeth of the ratchet wheel break or other failures occur, the ratchets of the other part are timely re-positioned to the ratchet wheel, and can be position-limited multiple times, so that the invention has a multi-stage locking effect. Compared with the single-stage locking mechanism used in the prior art, the invention greatly improves the safety of the locking device, and can timely remedy the failure of a part of the ratchets or the teeth of the ratchet wheel, so that it is convenient for staff to repair and replace the locking device afterwards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of amusement equipment, in particular to a locking device. Background Art

[0002] The safety of amusement facilities undoubtedly takes precedence over the recreational features of the amusement facilities. Safety seats are installed in some large amusement facilities. At present, the prior art safety seat pressure bar locking device for amusement facilities usually adopts a ratchet type locking device, including a pressure bar assembly and a locking assembly. The locking assembly includes a ratchet bar and a ratchet, wherein the pressure bar assembly and the ratchet bar are hinged by a connecting pin. When in use, the pressure bar assembly is opened, and the ratchet bar is driven to move linearly through the connecting pin, so that the ratchet bar bites the ratchet bar to achieve locking.

[0003] After searching, it was found that a safety seat pressure bar locking device is disclosed in a Chinese patent with authorization announcement number CN205055248U, including a pressure bar assembly and a locking assembly. The pressure bar assembly includes a pressure bar, a pressure bar transverse axis and a connecting rod. The locking assembly includes a ratchet and a pawl assembly. The pressure bar is fixedly connected to the pressure bar transverse axis, the pressure bar transverse axis is hinged to one end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the upper end of the ratchet through a joint ball head. The pawl assembly is fixed to the seat frame. When the pawl assembly bites the ratchet, the pressure bar is locked; a safety seat pressure bar is disclosed in a Chinese patent with authorization announcement number CN203123387U The locking device, a roller coaster seat with a locking mechanism safety pressure bar, belongs to the technical field of amusement equipment, and includes a safety pressure bar and a seat steel frame. The characteristics are: the safety pressure bar is a shoulder pressure type, and the connection between the safety pressure bar and the seat steel frame is connected through a rotating shaft, a ratchet is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and a pawl is fixed on the seat steel frame. A compression spring is provided on the pawl, and the pawl cooperates with the ratchet to achieve one-way locking of the pressure bar. The pawl is divided into two groups, upper and lower, and is distributed around the ratchet in a C shape to achieve eight locking positions. A rotating dial shaft is provided between the pawls, and the rotating dial shaft is arranged on the seat steel frame. The rotating dial shaft cooperates with the pawl, and the protrusion on the rotating dial shaft is connected with a crank. The other end of the crank is connected to the bottom of the seat steel frame, and a steel wire flexible shaft is sleeved on the crank; a Chinese patent with authorization announcement number CN209212086U discloses a seat safety lock device, including a seat, a safety lever and a self-locking device, one end of the safety lever is hinged to the seat, and the other end can be connected to the self-locking device; the self-locking device includes a lock body, a locking pin, a pin spring and a key, a locking pin groove and a lock hole are provided in the lock body, the locking pin can move left and right within a predetermined travel range in the locking pin groove, the pin spring is sleeved on the locking pin and clamped in the locking pin groove; a groove is provided on the end of the safety lever connected to the self-locking device, and the pin spring can lock the locking pin. The pin elastically abuts in the groove; the locking pin is provided with a key socket whose position matches the position of the unlocking hole; in the Chinese patent with publication number CN209212086U, a standing cabin is disclosed, including a frame and a pedal, the pedal cooperates with the frame to slide up and down, the frame is provided with a pressure rod and a locking device, the pressure rod has a first position for locking to limit the tourists and a second position for unlocking to facilitate getting on and off the passengers, the locking device includes a pressure rod locking mechanism, the pressure rod is locked and limited by the pressure rod locking mechanism when in the first position and cooperates with the frame and the pedal to form a limit space for tourists to stand and limit.

[0004] The inventors have discovered that the above technical solutions all adopt a structural method in which all the pawls are in contact with the tooth surface of the ratchet wheel at the same time to lock and limit the ratchet wheel. The biggest problem with this method is that once the locking device fails, it will inevitably lead to a major safety accident. Therefore, the existing locking devices for amusement equipment have the problem of insufficient safety performance. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a locking device, aiming to solve the problem that the locking devices for amusement equipment in the prior art have insufficient safety performance.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the locking device includes a ratchet fixedly mounted on the main shaft; at least two ratchets inserted into the tooth gap of the ratchet; a ratchet driving mechanism for synchronously driving at least two ratchets to enter or disengage from the tooth gap of the ratchet; at least two ratchets are sequentially inserted into the tooth gap along the circumferential direction of the ratchet, the depth of which decreases from deep to shallow, and the spacing between the ratchets inserted into the tooth gap and the tooth surface of the ratchet in the same rotation direction increases sequentially from deep to shallow.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: the pawl driving mechanism includes a sleeve rotatably mounted on the main shaft, a cam fixedly mounted on the sleeve along the circumferential direction, a roller arranged in contact with the cam, and an elastic limiting structure for moving the pawl along the radial direction of the ratchet wheel, the roller being mounted on the pawl, and the sleeve being driven by a rotating driving mechanism.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: it also includes a shell, the elastic limiting structure includes a guide groove opened on the wall of the shell and capable of accommodating the pawl, and a compression spring arranged in the guide groove, and the two ends of the compression spring are respectively connected to the guide groove and the end of the pawl.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: the pawl includes a cylindrical main body and a locking head arranged at one end of the main body, the locking head is in a triangular shape with one side being a plane, one side being an inclined surface, and one side being connected to the main body, a through hole is opened on the main body, a pin shaft passes through the through hole, and the roller is installed on the pin shaft.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: four pawls are arranged along the circumferential direction of the ratchet, and the parts of the locking heads of the four pawls inserted into the tooth gap of the ratchet are respectively the whole part, 3 / 4 part, 1 / 2 part, and 1 / 4 part.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the pawl also includes a cap body arranged at the other end of the main body, the cap body can slide along the inner wall of the guide groove, and the cap body is connected to the end of the compression spring 8.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the shell includes a first protective shell part arranged outside the ratchet and the pawl, and a second protective shell part arranged outside the rotary drive mechanism, the cam, and the roller. The guide groove is arranged on the circumferential wall of the first protective shell part, and a strip-shaped through hole arranged along the depth direction of the guide groove is opened on the side wall of the first protective shell part. The pin shaft passes through the strip-shaped through hole to connect the pawl located in the first protective shell part and the roller located in the second protective shell part.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: the rotation drive mechanism is an electric drive mechanism and / or a manual drive mechanism, and the electric drive mechanism and the manual drive mechanism drive different sleeves to rotate around the main shaft.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: the electric drive mechanism includes a fixed motor, a worm gear reducer connected to the output end of the motor, and a first gear set for connecting the worm gear reducer and the shaft sleeve.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention: the manual drive mechanism includes a rotating handle and a second gear set for connecting the rotating handle and the shaft sleeve.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: it also includes a detection device for detecting whether the pawl is inserted into the ratchet tooth gap, and the detection device includes a pressure sensor, a proximity sensor, a contact sensor or a displacement sensor arranged on the pawl or the ratchet.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: in the locked state, some of the pawls are in contact with the tooth surface of the ratchet wheel, while the remaining pawls are not in contact with the tooth surface of the ratchet wheel. The pawls in contact with the tooth surface limit the rotation direction of the ratchet wheel. When the pawls in contact with the tooth surface are broken due to excessive reaction force of the ratchet wheel on the pawls, the reaction force pushes the ratchet wheel and also causes the main shaft to rotate within a certain range. Since the pawl driving mechanism can synchronously drive at least two pawls to enter or leave the tooth gap of the ratchet wheel, the pawls that have not been fully inserted into the tooth gap are fully inserted into the ratchet wheel through the action of the pawl driving mechanism. The pawl of this part contacts the tooth surface due to the rotation of the ratchet wheel, so that the pawl of this part can limit the rotation of the ratchet wheel again. In the present invention, after a part of the pawl or the teeth of the ratchet wheel breaks or other faults occur, the pawl of the other part can limit the ratchet wheel again in time, and can limit the position multiple times, so that the present invention has a multi-stage locking effect. Compared with the single-stage locking mechanism used in the prior art, the present invention greatly improves the safety of the locking device, and can timely remedy the fault of a part of the pawl or the teeth of the ratchet wheel, so that it is convenient for the staff to repair and replace the locking device afterwards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of a specific embodiment of the locking device with part of the housing removed.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional diagram of a specific embodiment of the locking device with part of the housing removed.

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The 3D image without the cam.

[0021] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A stereogram of a cam is shown in FIG.

[0022] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional view with part of the shell removed from another direction.

[0023] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional diagram of a pawl in a specific embodiment of the locking device.

[0024] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional appearance diagram of a specific embodiment of the locking device.

[0025] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional appearance diagram of a specific embodiment of a locking device for changing the installation position of an electric drive mechanism.

[0026] Fig. 9 yes Figure 5 A perspective view of another specific embodiment of .

[0027] Fig.10 yes Figure 8 A three-dimensional image after part of the shell is removed.

[0028] Fig.11 yes Figure 8 A three-dimensional image after part of the shell is removed.

[0029] Fig.12 It is a front cross-sectional view of a ratchet and a pawl in a specific embodiment of the locking device.

[0030] Fig.13 It is a three-dimensional view of a specific embodiment of the locking device having only a manual drive mechanism.

[0031] Fig.14 It is another perspective view of a specific embodiment of the locking device having only a manual drive mechanism.

[0032] Fig.15 It is a stereoscopic diagram of a specific embodiment of a locking device having both a manual drive mechanism and an electric drive mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The specific implementation of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0034] like Figure 1-15 As shown, a locking device includes a ratchet 3 fixedly mounted on a main shaft 1; at least two ratchet pawls 2 inserted into the tooth gap of the ratchet 3; a ratchet driving mechanism 4 for synchronously driving at least two ratchet pawls 2 to enter or escape from the tooth gap of the ratchet 3; at least two ratchet pawls 2 are sequentially inserted into the tooth gap along the circumferential direction of the ratchet 3 to a depth from deep to shallow, and the spacing between the ratchet pawls 2 inserted into the tooth gap and the tooth surface of the ratchet 3 in the same rotation direction increases sequentially as the depth of the ratchet pawls 2 inserted into the tooth gap increases from deep to shallow.

[0035] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, since a plurality of pawls 2 are sequentially inserted into the tooth gaps from deep to shallow, and the spacings of these pawls 2 from the tooth surfaces of the ratchet wheels 3 in the tooth gaps of the corresponding ratchet wheels 3 also increase sequentially, at this time, some of the pawls 2 are in contact with the tooth surfaces of the ratchet wheels 3, and the remaining pawls 2 are not in contact with the tooth surfaces of the ratchet wheels 3. The pawls 2 in contact with the tooth surfaces limit the rotation direction of the ratchet wheels 3. When the reaction force of the ratchet wheel 3 on the pawl 2 is too large, causing the pawl 2 in contact with the tooth surface to break, the reaction force pushes the ratchet wheel 3 and also causes the main shaft 1 to rotate within a certain range. Since the pawl driving mechanism 4 can synchronously drive at least two pawls 2 to enter or exit the tooth gaps of the ratchet wheel 3, the pawl 2 that has not yet been fully inserted into the tooth gap is fully inserted into the tooth gap of the ratchet wheel 3 through the action of the pawl driving mechanism 4, and the rotation of the ratchet wheel 3 also causes this part of the pawl 2 to contact the tooth surface, thereby causing this part of the pawl 2 to The pawl 2 again plays a role of limiting the rotation of the ratchet 3, and by analogy, the depth of the pawl 2 inserted into the tooth gap of the ratchet 3 is divided into several levels in turn, and the spacing between the tooth surfaces of multiple pawls 2 and the ratchet 3 is divided into the same several levels in turn. Then, after the teeth of the pawl 2 or ratchet 3 of the previous level are broken or other faults occur, the pawl 2 of the next level can be timely re-positioned on the ratchet 3. Therefore, in the present invention, after the teeth of some pawls 2 or ratchet 3 are broken or other faults occur, the pawls 2 of the other part can be timely re-positioned on the ratchet 3, and can be limited multiple times, so that the present invention has a multi-stage locking effect. Compared with the single-stage locking mechanism used in the prior art, the present invention greatly improves the safety of the locking device, and can promptly remedy the failure of some pawls 2 or ratchet 3 teeth, which is convenient for the staff to repair and replace the locking device afterwards. Once the single-stage locking mechanism of the prior art fails, it is a major problem.

[0036] A specific implementation method, such as Figure 3As shown, at this time, one of the pawls 2 is completely inserted into the tooth gap of the ratchet 3, and the pawl 2 contacts the tooth surface of the ratchet 3 and limits the ratchet 3. When the teeth of the pawl 2 or the ratchet 3 that are in contact with each other fail such as breakage, the ratchet 3 rotates in the opposite direction by a smaller angle, and the next pawl 2 is further inserted into the tooth gap through the pawl driving mechanism 4, and the pawl 2 contacts the tooth surface and limits the ratchet 3. When the teeth of the pawl 2 or the ratchet 3 that are in contact with each other fail again such as breakage, the pawl 2 of the next level limits the pawl 3 again, thereby improving the safety of the locking device. Preferably, four pawls 2 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the ratchet 3, and the parts of the locking heads 22 of the four pawls 2 that are inserted into the tooth gap of the ratchet 3 are respectively the whole part, 3 / 4 part, 1 / 2 part, and 1 / 4 part. Of course, the pawls 2 can also be other numbers.

[0037] In another specific implementation, two, three, etc. pawls 2 can be grouped together, and the pawls 2 in the first group first contact the tooth surface of the ratchet 3. When the teeth of the pawls 2 or the ratchet 3 that are in contact with each other in the group break or other faults occur, the pawls 2 of the next group will limit the pawls 3 again. The depth of the pawls 2 in the same group inserted into the tooth gap of the ratchet 3 is the same as the spacing from the tooth surface.

[0038] It needs to be further explained that if Figure 1 As shown, in the specific embodiment, the ratchet 3 adopts an external ratchet, and the pawl 2 is inserted into the tooth gap of the ratchet 3 from the outside to the inside. However, as long as the structure can realize the matching installation method of the pawl 2 and the ratchet 3, it is within the protection scope of the present invention. For example, the ratchet 3 can also adopt an internal ratchet, and the pawl 2 can be set inside the ratchet 3, and the pawl 2 is inserted into the tooth gap of the ratchet 3 from the inside to the outside.

[0039] A specific implementation method, such as Figure 1-3 As shown, the pawl driving mechanism 4 includes a sleeve 41 rotatably sleeved on the main shaft 1, a cam 42 fixedly arranged on the sleeve 41 along the circumferential direction, a roller 43 arranged in contact with the cam 42, and an elastic limiting structure 44 for moving the pawl 2 along the radial direction of the ratchet 3. The roller 43 is installed on the pawl 2, and the sleeve 41 is driven by a rotating driving mechanism 45. It also includes a shell 5. The elastic limiting structure 44 includes a guide groove 441 opened on the wall of the shell 5 and capable of accommodating the pawl 2, and a compression spring 8 arranged in the guide groove 441. The two ends of the compression spring 8 are respectively connected to the guide groove 441 and the end of the pawl 2.

[0040] In the above specific embodiment, when it is necessary to disengage the pawl 2 from the tooth gap of the ratchet wheel 3 so that the main shaft 1 can rotate freely and release the locking device, the shaft sleeve 41 is driven to rotate by the rotary drive mechanism 45, such as Figure 1As shown, at this time, the sleeve 41 rotates in the clockwise direction, driving the cam 42 to rotate in the clockwise direction. The cam 42 lifts the roller 43 to move it in the direction away from the ratchet 3, thereby achieving the goal that the pawl 2 is out of the tooth gap of the ratchet 3. At this time, the limiting effect of the locking device on the main shaft 1 is released; when the main shaft 1 needs to be locked again, the rotating drive mechanism 45 drives the sleeve 41 to reset, and due to the action of the compression spring 8, the pawl 2 is also moved back in the direction of the pawl 2 and reset, thereby playing a limiting locking role on the ratchet 3 again.

[0041] More specifically, the pawl 2 includes a cylindrical main body 21 and a locking head 22 arranged at one end of the main body 21. The locking head 22 is in the shape of a triangle with one side being a plane, one side being an inclined surface, and one side being connected to the main body 21. A through hole 23 is opened on the main body 21, and a pin shaft 6 passes through the through hole 23. The roller 43 is installed on the pin shaft 6. The pawl 2 also includes a cap body 24 arranged at the other end of the main body 21. The cap body 24 can slide along the inner wall of the guide groove 441, and the cap body 24 is connected to the end of the compression spring 8.

[0042] More specifically, the housing 5 includes a first protective housing portion 51 arranged outside the ratchet 3 and the pawl 2, and a second protective housing portion 52 arranged outside the rotary drive mechanism 45, the cam 42, and the roller 43. The guide groove 441 is arranged on the circumferential wall of the first protective housing portion 51, and a strip through hole 7 arranged along the depth direction of the guide groove 441 is opened on the side wall of the first protective housing portion 51. The pin 6 passes through the strip through hole 7 to connect the pawl 2 located in the first protective housing portion 51 and the roller 43 located in the second protective housing portion 52. By installing different structures in the first protective housing portion 51 and the second protective housing portion 52, respectively, the internal space of the present invention is more reasonably utilized and more convenient to assemble.

[0043] Further, the rotation drive mechanism is an electric drive mechanism 451 and / or a manual drive mechanism 452, and the electric drive mechanism 451 and the manual drive mechanism 452 drive different sleeves 41 to rotate around the main shaft 1; specifically, Figure 1 As shown, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, an electric drive mechanism 451 and a manual drive mechanism 452 can be used. When the electric drive mechanism 451 is damaged, the manual drive mechanism 452 can be used at any time as a backup mechanism to improve safety performance. Of course, an embodiment in which a single electric drive mechanism 451 or a single manual drive mechanism 452 is used can also be used; an embodiment in which a double ratchet or multiple ratchet wheels are used, each ratchet wheel corresponds to a rotation drive mechanism; Figure 1As described above, in this specific embodiment, the ratchet 3 is arranged in the middle, and the electric drive mechanism 451 and the manual drive mechanism 452 are arranged on both sides of the ratchet 3. Of course, the ratchet 3 can be arranged on both sides of the main shaft 1, and the electric drive mechanism 451 and the manual drive mechanism 452 are arranged in the middle of the main shaft 1.

[0044] Specifically, the electric drive mechanism 451 includes a fixed motor 4511, a worm gear reducer 4512 connected to the output end of the motor 4511, and a first gear set 4513 for connecting the worm gear reducer 4512 and the sleeve 1. The manual drive mechanism 452 includes a rotating handle and a second gear set for connecting the rotating handle and the sleeve 41.

[0045] It should be noted that the installation position of the electric drive mechanism 451 can be as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 8 Of course, other installation methods can also be used.

[0046] Specifically, in one embodiment, Fig.13 and Fig.14 As shown, only a manual drive mechanism 452 may be used. In another embodiment, Fig.15 As shown, a structural arrangement having both an electric drive mechanism 451 and a manual drive mechanism 452 may also be adopted.

[0047] Furthermore, an elastic reset mechanism 9 can be further provided, wherein the two connecting ends of the elastic reset mechanism 9 are respectively connected to the main shaft 1 and the housing 5. When the pawl 2 no longer limits the ratchet 3, the main shaft 1 can be reset through the elastic reset mechanism 9, thereby resetting the main shaft 1 with the safety pressure rod installed on the main shaft 1.

[0048] Specifically, the elastic reset mechanism 9 includes a connecting arm 91 fixedly connected to the main shaft 1, a first U-shaped connecting member 92 hinged to the connecting arm 91, a first connecting rod 93 fixedly connected to the first U-shaped connecting member 92, a wing plate 97 fixedly connected to the shell 5, a second U-shaped connecting member 96 hinged to the wing plate 97, a second connecting rod 95 fixedly connected to the second U-shaped connecting member 96 and a cylinder 94, wherein a coil spring is arranged in the cylinder 94, and the first connecting rod 93 and the second connecting rod 95 are respectively inserted into the cylinder 94 and connected to the coil spring; of course, the present invention can also adopt elastic reset mechanisms disclosed in other prior arts, as long as the elastic reset mechanism can enable the main shaft 1 to have a rotational reset function.

[0049] like Figure 1As shown, the first gear set 4513 and the second gear set adopt the meshing installation of a spur gear set. Of course, the first gear set 4513 and the second gear set can also adopt other forms of gear installation methods, such as a bevel gear set, a bevel gear and spur gear set, a worm gear set, etc.

[0050] The second gear set can be used as Figure 5 The gear set consisting of four gears shown in the figure can also be formed by Fig. 9 The gear set shown consists of five gears, and the specific implementation method of the gear set can be flexibly set according to needs.

[0051] The present invention may also include a detection device for detecting whether the pawl 2 is inserted into the tooth gap of the ratchet 3. The detection device includes a pressure sensor, a proximity sensor or a displacement sensor, etc., which are arranged on the pawl 2 or the ratchet 3. These sensors can be connected to an external signal indicator light or an electrical signal of a display screen through a controller, so that the staff can know the matching status of the pawl 2 and the ratchet 3 and further improve the installation performance.

[0052] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0053] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0054] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A locking device, characterized in that: include: A ratchet (3) fixedly mounted on the main shaft (1); At least two ratchet pawls (2) inserted into the tooth gaps of the ratchet wheel (3); A ratchet driving mechanism (4) for synchronously driving at least two ratchets (2) to enter or leave the tooth gap of a ratchet wheel (3); wherein the at least two ratchets (2) are sequentially inserted into the tooth gap along the circumferential direction of the ratchet wheel (3) to a depth from deep to shallow, and the spacing between the tooth surfaces of the ratchets (2) inserted into the tooth gap from deep to shallow and the ratchet wheel (3) in the same rotation direction increases sequentially; the ratchet driving mechanism (4) comprises a sleeve (41) rotatably sleeved on the main shaft (1), a cam (42) fixedly arranged on the sleeve (41) along the circumferential direction, a roller (43) arranged in contact with the cam (42), and an elastic limiting structure (44) for moving the ratchet (2) along the radial direction of the ratchet wheel (3), wherein the roller (43) is mounted on the ratchet (2), and the sleeve (41) is driven by a rotary driving mechanism (45); It also includes a housing (5), the elastic limiting structure (44) including a guide groove (441) opened on the wall of the housing (5) and capable of accommodating the ratchet (2), and a compression spring (8) arranged in the guide groove (441), and the two ends of the compression spring (8) are respectively connected to the guide groove (441) and the end of the ratchet (2); The pawl (2) comprises a cylindrical body (21) and a locking head (22) arranged at one end of the body (21); the locking head (22) is in a triangular shape with one side being a plane, one side being an inclined surface, and one side being connected to the body (21); a through hole (23) is provided on the body (21); a pin shaft (6) passes through the through hole (23); and the roller (43) is mounted on the pin shaft (6); Four pawls (2) are arranged along the circumferential direction of the ratchet (3), and the locking heads (22) of the four pawls (2) are inserted into the tooth gap of the ratchet (3) in the form of an entire part, a 3 / 4 part, a 1 / 2 part, and a 1 / 4 part, respectively.

2. The locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratchet (2) further comprises a cap body (24) arranged at the other end of the main body (21); the cap body (24) can slide along the inner wall of the guide groove (441), and the cap body (24) is connected to the end of the compression spring (8).

3. The locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (5) comprises a first protective housing portion (51) arranged outside the ratchet (3) and the pawl (2) and a second protective housing portion (52) arranged outside the rotary drive mechanism (45), the cam (42) and the roller (43); the guide groove (441) is arranged on the circumferential wall of the first protective housing portion (51), and a strip-shaped through hole (7) arranged along the longitudinal direction of the guide groove (441) is opened on the side wall of the first protective housing portion (51); the pin shaft (6) passes through the strip-shaped through hole (7) to connect the pawl (2) located in the first protective housing portion (51) and the roller (43) located in the second protective housing portion (52).

4. The locking device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The rotary drive mechanism is an electric drive mechanism (451) and / or a manual drive mechanism (452), and the electric drive mechanism (451) and the manual drive mechanism (452) drive different shaft sleeves (41) to rotate around the main shaft (1).

5. The locking device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electric drive mechanism (451) comprises a fixedly arranged motor (4511), a worm gear reducer (4512) connected to the output end of the motor (4511), and a first gear set (4513) used to connect the worm gear reducer (4512) and the shaft sleeve (41); the manual drive mechanism (452) comprises a rotating handle and a second gear set used to connect the rotating handle and the shaft sleeve (41).

6. The locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a detection device for detecting whether the pawl (2) is inserted into the tooth gap of the ratchet wheel (3).

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