A tunnel-type stereo garage under the road and its construction method

Abstract

The present invention relates to an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic garage and a construction method thereof, which is characterized in that a main area of ​​the stereoscopic garage is arranged below a road area and / or an area adjacent to the road, and is formed by a dark excavation construction method, wherein the main area is formed by connecting a plurality of step-by-step dark excavation spaces; one or more parking units are arranged in the dark excavation space, and the parking units are connected to a ground entrance and exit area via a connecting passage and a lifting passage; the lifting passage is constructed separately, or a shaft structure in the process of constructing the stereoscopic garage is utilized; the connecting passage is constructed separately, or a conversion passage in the process of constructing the stereoscopic garage is utilized; a mechanical equipment system, a control system, and a supporting system are arranged inside the stereoscopic garage; the exchange of vehicles between parking spaces and the entrance and exit area is completed through the mechanical equipment system, the control system, the supporting system, and then through the connecting passage and the lifting passage; the stereoscopic garage can ensure the convenience of on-road parking while reducing the negative impact on traffic capacity and pedestrians.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field related to construction engineering and municipal engineering technology, and more specifically, to an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic garage and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With economic development and the improvement of people's living standards, the number of cars has increased significantly. The number of existing parking spaces can hardly meet daily demand, resulting in parking difficulties and disorder. Especially in the core areas of cities, land resources are extremely valuable. It is not economical to occupy a large amount of ground space to build parking lots or multi-story parking buildings. There is greater resistance and more prominent parking conflicts.

[0003] From the perspective of city managers, on-street parking is easy to implement. It only requires simple markings within the red line of the road to convert the existing road space into available parking resources, which can play an immediate role in alleviating parking demand. For motor vehicle owners, on-street parking can greatly shorten the time and space distance for travelers to walk to the street destination after getting off the car, providing great convenience for short-term business dealings, catering, entertainment and pick-up needs, and can also reduce the invalid traffic volume caused by looking for vacant parking lots.

[0004] However, there are many problems with the existing on-street parking forms. The loss of lane clearance caused by on-street parking will directly cause the loss of road traffic capacity, and irregularly parked vehicles will easily form road bottlenecks; some on-street parking spaces encroach on non-motorized vehicles and pedestrian spaces, blocking walking and cycling routes, making the latter feel obstructed or even hostile; the space in front of bus stops on many roads is occupied by on-street parking, causing inconvenience to buses entering and exiting the stops and picking up and dropping off passengers; on-street parking close to intersections will block the view of vehicles and pedestrians crossing the street, increasing safety risks.

[0005] The rational development of underground space can effectively solve the problem of increasingly congested urban traffic. Building parking garages under urban roads can make full use of the space below the road, providing a new idea for solving the problem of parking difficulties in cities. However, roads are mainly used for traffic and serving surrounding areas, with large traffic and pedestrian flows, and most roads are complete municipal projects. The traditional open-cut method, cover-cut method, and cover-cut reverse method all require large-scale demolition of the road surface, which has a great impact on the surrounding environment and is a serious waste of resources.

[0006] The underground excavation construction method has certain applications in projects such as crossing busy municipal roads, urban expressways and rivers. This method has little impact on the ground. With the continuous improvement of underground excavation construction technology, underground excavations with large and irregular sections have appeared. It has become possible to build parking garages using the space formed by underground excavation construction. However, in existing underground excavation construction, a vertical shaft structure is built first. If a parking garage is built in the underground space by underground excavation, the vertical shaft structure needs to be set in the road area. Although it partially damages the road surface, for narrow roads, the construction of the vertical shaft structure has a serious impact on the traffic capacity, and even requires road interruption and navigation, which seriously affects the travel of residents. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides an under-road tunnel-type multi-story parking garage, which can ensure the convenience of on-road parking while reducing the negative impact on traffic capacity and pedestrians; in addition, the present invention also provides a method for constructing the above-mentioned under-road tunnel-type multi-story parking garage, which has a high degree of mechanical automation, has little impact on the existing road structure and the surrounding environment, and has little impact on the road traffic capacity during construction.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, an embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic garage, characterized in that the main area of ​​the stereoscopic garage is arranged below the road area and / or the adjacent road area, the main area of ​​the stereoscopic garage is formed by a dark excavation construction method, and the main area of ​​the stereoscopic garage is formed by connecting multiple step-by-step dark excavation spaces; one or more parking units are arranged in the dark excavation space, and a conveying channel and a parking layer made of a steel structure or a concrete structure are arranged in the parking unit, and parking spaces are arranged on the parking layer; the parking unit is connected to the ground entrance and exit area through a connecting channel and a lifting channel; or the parking unit is connected to the ground entrance and exit area through a lifting channel; the lifting channel is constructed separately, or the shaft structure in the process of constructing the stereoscopic garage is utilized; the connecting channel is constructed separately, or the conversion channel in the process of constructing the stereoscopic garage is utilized; a mechanical equipment system, a control system, and a supporting system are arranged in the entrance and exit area, the lifting channel, the connecting channel, and the parking unit; the exchange of vehicles between the parking space and the entrance and exit area is completed through the mechanical equipment system, the control system, the supporting system, and the connecting channel and the lifting channel.

[0009] Optionally, a cache parking space is provided in the lifting channel. During the peak parking period, the vehicles parked in the entrance and exit area are preferentially transported to the cache parking space through the control system and the mechanical equipment system in the lifting channel, and the vehicles parked in the cache parking space are then parked in the parking unit through the cooperation of the control system and the mechanical equipment system in the lifting channel and the connecting channel; after the cache parking space is full or during non-peak parking period, the vehicles parked in the entrance and exit area are directly transported to the parking unit through the cooperation of the control system, the lifting channel and the mechanical equipment system in the connecting channel; during the peak period of vehicle pickup and / or before the peak period of vehicle pickup, the vehicles in the parking unit are randomly or according to the reservation instructions parked in the cache parking space through the cooperation of the control system, the lifting channel and the mechanical equipment system in the connecting channel, and the vehicles in the cache parking space are handed over to the entrance and exit area after the vehicle pickup instruction is received.

[0010] Optionally, a vertical circulation type stereo garage equipment, a vertical lifting type stereo garage equipment, a vertical movable stereo garage equipment or a multi-layer circulation type stereo garage equipment is arranged in the lifting channel, and the cache parking space is a parking space provided by the vertical circulation type or vertical lifting type or vertical movable or multi-layer circulation type stereo garage equipment.

[0011] Optionally, a method for constructing the underground tunnel-type stereoscopic parking garage is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: construct a shaft structure. A shaft structure is constructed in the road area and / or the area adjacent to the road. One or more combinations of reinforced concrete piles, steel pipe piles, steel sheet piles, interlocking piles, SMW piles, and inverted shaft walls are used as the supporting structure outside the shaft structure. The shaft structure is made of cast-in-place concrete structure or precast concrete structure. When a caisson or underground continuous wall construction method is used, the caisson structure or underground continuous wall structure is used as the supporting structure outside the shaft structure, or as both a supporting structure and a permanent shaft structure. The shaft structure is a vertical passage for dark excavation construction equipment to enter the underground construction area. The depth of the shaft structure is greater than the designed top slab burial depth of the under-road stereo garage.

[0013] Step 2: Build a conversion channel. The conversion channel can expand the construction space of the dark excavation, changing the expansion from the shaft to the expansion through the conversion channel. The construction of the conversion channel includes the following main steps:

[0014] A row of advance support structures is built on the shaft wall of the shaft structure near the road to support the soil above the advance support structure, and the shaft wall structure under the advance support structure is broken to carry out soil excavation of the transfer channel and construction of the initial lining structure of the transfer channel. When the remaining length of the advance support structure in the transfer channel is less than 2m, a row of advance support structures is re-overlapped and built, and the cycle continues until the transfer channel exceeds the designed side wall of the underground parking garage away from the shaft structure by 1m-2m;

[0015] Step 3: Construction of the main area of ​​the garage, including the following steps:

[0016] a) Position and lay out the side walls of the conversion channel, and mark the top elevation line of the designed roof of the under-road stereo garage and the outer edges of the designed side walls on both sides of the under-road stereo garage;

[0017] b) A row of advance support structures perpendicular to the direction of the transfer channel is built at the designed side wall positions on both sides of the under-road stereo garage marked by the transfer channel, and the side walls of the transfer channel under the advance support structures are broken to carry out the excavation of the pilot tunnel soil and the construction of the pilot tunnel primary lining structure; when the remaining length of the advance support structure in the pilot tunnel is less than 2m in the soil, a row of advance support structures is re-overlapped and built, and the process is repeated until the pilot tunnel exceeds the designed side wall of the under-road stereo garage by 1m-2m. During the construction of the primary lining structure, a permanent structure connection node is pre-buried at the top of the pilot tunnel to provide a connection foundation for the subsequent permanent structure;

[0018] c) After the construction of the pilot tunnels on both sides of the underground stereo garage is completed, support piles and water-stopping structures are constructed inside the pilot tunnels. The support piles and water-stopping structures are located at the outer edges of the designed side walls of the underground stereo garage. The support piles go deep into the bottom of the underground stereo garage to be constructed, and serve as support structures during the construction of the underground stereo garage, providing support for the construction process of the underground stereo garage and the main structure of the underground stereo garage;

[0019] d) construct a pile top crown beam on the top of the support pile in the pilot tunnel, and construct an underground three-dimensional parking garage waterproof structure and a permanent roof structure between the pile top crown beam and the top of the pilot tunnel. The waterproof structure and the permanent roof structure are close to the primary lining structure of the pilot tunnel, with one end buried in the pile top crown beam and the other end connected to the pre-buried connection node in the pilot tunnel;

[0020] e) Position and lay out the area between the two side guide tunnels in the conversion channel, build a row of advance support structures perpendicular to the direction of the conversion channel, break the side wall of the conversion channel under the advance support structure, excavate the soil between the guide tunnels and construct the primary lining structure. When the remaining length of the advance support structure between the guide tunnels in the soil is less than 2m, re-overlap and build a row of advance support structures, and move forward in a cycle until the length is the same as the guide tunnels on both sides;

[0021] f) When the designed side wall spans on both sides of the under-road stereo garage are large, a middle guide tunnel is added between the side walls. The construction steps of the middle guide tunnel are the same as those of the two side guide tunnels. Engineering piles are driven in the middle guide tunnel to bear the upper load;

[0022] g) constructing a waterproof structure and a permanent roof structure for the underground parking garage between the pilot tunnels, wherein the waterproof structure and the permanent roof structure are connected to the pre-buried connection nodes in the pilot tunnels on both sides;

[0023] h) Excavate the soil symmetrically in sections to the floor level of the underground parking garage. During the excavation process, remove the remaining pilot tunnel primary lining structure. As the supporting piles are exposed, tie nets are set between the supporting piles and concrete is sprayed. A waterproof layer is set on the surface of the supporting piles. Single-sided formwork is used to cast the wall structure of the underground parking garage.

[0024] i) Excavate the soil to 0.2m below the bottom elevation of the three-dimensional parking garage, pour the concrete cushion layer, lay the waterproof layer, and pour the three-dimensional parking garage floor structure under the road to form a closed structural space;

[0025] Step 4: construct the structure of the three-dimensional garage, using the shaft structure in the construction process as the lifting passage of the three-dimensional garage, setting the top of the lifting passage and the corresponding ground position as the entrance and exit area of ​​the three-dimensional garage; using all or part of the conversion passage in the construction process as the connecting passage of the three-dimensional garage; using the main area of ​​the garage and part of the conversion passage as parking units, setting a handling passage and a parking layer made of concrete structure or steel structure in the main area of ​​the garage and part of the conversion passage, and the parking layer is set as one or more layers;

[0026] Step 5: Installation of mechanical equipment system and control system of the three-dimensional parking garage. The mechanical equipment system, control system and supporting system of the three-dimensional parking garage are installed in the entrance and exit areas, lifting passages, connecting passages and parking units of the completed three-dimensional parking garage.

[0027] Optionally, the advance support structure is an advance small guide tube and / or an advance large pipe rack structure. When the quality of the soil above the advance support structure is poor, the soil is reinforced by advance pre-grouting into the soil through the advance support structure.

[0028] Optionally, a water-stop curtain may be provided on the outside of the supporting structure of the shaft structure according to the conditions of the aquifer in the stratum.

[0029] Optionally, the supporting piles and water-stopping structures constructed inside the pilot tunnel are constructed in sections using miniaturized equipment due to limitations on the size of the pilot tunnel; when the ground has construction conditions, the supporting piles and water-stopping structures are constructed on the ground but no excavation is performed.

[0030] Optionally, when the span of the stereoscopic car park is relatively large, multiple guide tunnels are arranged in the conversion channel, and the permanent roof structure of the stereoscopic car park is constructed in the multiple guide tunnels and between the guide tunnels.

[0031] Optionally, the single vertical shaft structure can serve one or more conversion channels, and holes are opened on one side or multiple sides of the vertical shaft structure to build the conversion channels.

[0032] The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: the main area of ​​the three-dimensional parking garage is arranged below the road area and / or the adjacent road area, the main area of ​​the three-dimensional parking garage is formed by dark excavation construction, and the main area of ​​the three-dimensional parking garage is formed by connecting a plurality of step-by-step dark excavation spaces; one or more parking units are arranged in the dark excavation space, a conveying passage and a parking layer made of steel structure or concrete structure are arranged in the parking unit, and parking spaces are arranged on the parking layer; the parking unit is connected to the ground entrance and exit area through a connecting passage and a lifting passage; or the parking unit is connected to the ground entrance and exit area through a lifting passage; the lifting passage is constructed separately, or is utilized during the construction of the three-dimensional parking garage. The shaft structure; the connecting passage is constructed separately, or the conversion passage in the process of constructing the stereo garage is utilized; mechanical equipment system, control system and supporting system are arranged inside the entrance and exit area, lifting passage, connecting passage and parking unit; the exchange of vehicles between parking spaces and the entrance and exit area is completed through the mechanical equipment system, control system and supporting system and then through the connecting passage and lifting passage; the stereo garage is constructed by improving the existing dark excavation technology, and has little impact on the existing road structure and the surrounding environment, and has little impact on the road traffic capacity during construction, which can ensure the convenience of on-road parking while reducing the negative impact on traffic capacity and pedestrians. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a front view of the relative position of an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic parking garage and surrounding roads (independent parking unit) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a front view of the relative position of an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic parking garage and surrounding roads (double independent parking units) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a top view of an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic car park (shaft structure construction) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a top view of an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic car park (conversion channel construction) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a top view of an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic car park (main area construction) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a top view of an under-road tunnel-type stereo garage (parking equipment installation) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic parking garage during the construction phase according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a construction step diagram of an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic parking garage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Description of reference numerals:

[0043] (1) Main area; (2) Parking unit; (3) Handling channel; (4) Parking floor; (5) Parking space; (6) Connecting channel; (7) Lifting channel; (8) Entrance and exit area; (9) Shaft structure; (10) Transfer channel; (11) Cache parking space; (12) Advance support structure; (13) Primary lining structure; (14) Connection node; (15) Guide tunnel; (16) Support piles; (17) Water-stop structure; (18) Pile top crown beam; (19) Waterproof structure; (20) Permanent roof structure; (21) Wall structure; (22) Garage floor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "inside", "outside", "vertical", "horizontal", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0045] See also Figures 1 to 8, an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic parking garage, characterized in that a main area (1) of the stereoscopic parking garage is arranged below a road area and / or an area adjacent to a road, the main area (1) of the stereoscopic parking garage is formed by a dark excavation construction method, and the main area (1) of the stereoscopic parking garage is formed by connecting a plurality of step-by-step dark excavation spaces; one or more parking units (2) are arranged in the dark excavation space, a transport passage (3) and a parking layer (4) made of a steel structure or a concrete structure are arranged in the parking unit (2), and parking spaces (5) are arranged on the parking layer (4); the parking unit (2) is connected to a ground entrance and exit area (8) through a connecting passage (6) and a lifting passage (7); Or the parking unit (2) is connected to the ground entrance and exit area (8) through a lifting passage (7); the lifting passage (7) is constructed separately or utilizes a shaft structure (9) during the construction of a three-dimensional parking garage; the connecting passage (6) is constructed separately or utilizes a conversion passage (10) during the construction of a three-dimensional parking garage; a mechanical equipment system, a control system, and a supporting system are arranged inside the entrance and exit area (8), the lifting passage (7), the connecting passage (6), and the parking unit (2); the exchange of vehicles between the parking space (5) and the entrance and exit area (8) is completed through the mechanical equipment system, the control system, the supporting system, and then through the connecting passage (6) and the lifting passage (7).

[0046] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, a buffer parking space (11) is provided in the lifting passage (7). During the peak parking period, vehicles parked in the entrance and exit area (8) are preferentially transported to the buffer parking space (11) via the control system and the mechanical equipment system in the lifting passage (7). The vehicles parked in the buffer parking space (11) are then parked in the parking unit (2) via the control system, the lifting passage (7) and the mechanical equipment system in the connecting passage (6). After the buffer parking space (11) is full or during non-peak parking period, the control system The control system, the lifting channel (7) and the mechanical equipment system in the connecting channel (6) cooperate with each other to directly transport the vehicles parked in the entrance and exit area (8) to the parking unit (2); during the peak period of vehicle pick-up and / or before the peak period of vehicle pick-up, the control system, the lifting channel (7) and the mechanical equipment system in the connecting channel (6) cooperate with each other to park the vehicles in the parking unit (2) randomly or according to the reservation instruction in the cache parking space (11), and after receiving the vehicle pick-up instruction, the vehicles in the cache parking space (11) are handed over to the entrance and exit area (8).

[0047] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, a vertical circulation type stereo garage equipment, a vertical lifting type stereo garage equipment, a vertical movable stereo garage equipment or a multi-layer circulation type stereo garage equipment is arranged in the lifting channel (7), and the cache parking space (11) is a parking space (5) provided by the vertical circulation type or vertical lifting type or vertical movable or multi-layer circulation type stereo garage equipment.

[0048] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, a method for constructing the underground tunnel type stereoscopic parking garage is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0049] Step 1, constructing a shaft structure (9), constructing a shaft structure (9) in a road area and / or an area adjacent to a road, using one or more of reinforced concrete piles, steel pipe piles, steel sheet piles, interlocking piles, SMW piles, and inverted shaft walls as a support structure outside the shaft structure (9), and the shaft structure (9) is made of a cast-in-place concrete structure or a precast concrete structure; when a caisson or underground continuous wall construction method is adopted, the caisson structure or the underground continuous wall structure serves as a support structure outside the shaft structure (9), or serves as both a support structure and a permanent shaft structure (9); the shaft structure (9) is a vertical passage for dark excavation construction equipment to enter the underground construction area; the depth of the shaft structure (9) is greater than the designed top slab burial depth of the underground three-dimensional parking garage.

[0050] Step 2: construct a conversion channel (10). The conversion channel (10) can expand the construction space of the dark excavation, changing the expansion from the vertical shaft to the expansion after passing through the conversion channel (10). The construction of the conversion channel (10) includes the following main steps:

[0051] A row of advance support structures (12) is set on the shaft wall of the shaft structure (9) adjacent to the road to support the soil above the advance support structure (12), the shaft wall structure under the advance support structure (12) is broken, and the soil of the conversion channel (10) is excavated and the primary lining structure (13) of the conversion channel (10) is constructed. When the length of the advance support structure (12) remaining in the soil in the conversion channel (10) is less than 2m, a row of advance support structures (12) is re-overlapped and set, and the process is cyclically advanced until the conversion channel (10) exceeds the designed side wall of the underground three-dimensional parking garage and is 1m-2m away from the shaft structure (9);

[0052] Step 3: Construction of the main garage area (1), including the following steps:

[0053] a) Positioning and laying out the side walls of the transfer channel (10) and marking the top elevation line of the designed roof of the underground parking garage and the outer edges of the designed side walls on both sides of the underground parking garage;

[0054] b) A row of advance support structures (12) perpendicular to the direction of the transfer channel (10) is built at the designed side wall positions on both sides of the under-road stereo garage marked by the transfer channel (10), the side walls of the transfer channel (10) under the advance support structures (12) are broken, and the soil of the pilot tunnel (15) and the primary lining structure (13) of the pilot tunnel (15) are excavated; when the length of the remaining advance support structure (12) in the soil of the pilot tunnel (15) is less than 2m, a row of advance support structures (12) is re-overlapped and built, and the process is continued until the pilot tunnel (15) exceeds the designed side wall of the under-road stereo garage by 1m-2m. During the construction of the primary lining structure (13), a permanent structure connection node (14) is pre-buried at the top of the pilot tunnel (15) to provide a connection foundation for the subsequent permanent structure;

[0055] c) After the construction of the guide tunnels (15) at both sides of the underground stereo garage is completed, support piles (16) and water-stopping structures are constructed inside the guide tunnels (15). The support piles (16) and water-stopping structures (17) are located at the outer edges of the designed side walls of the underground stereo garage. The support piles (16) extend deep below the bottom of the underground stereo garage to be constructed, and serve as support structures during the construction of the underground stereo garage, providing support for the construction process of the underground stereo garage and the main structure of the underground stereo garage.

[0056] d) constructing a pile top crown beam (18) on the top of the support pile (16) in the pilot tunnel (15), and constructing an underground three-dimensional parking garage waterproof structure (19) and a permanent roof structure (20) between the pile top crown beam (18) and the top of the pilot tunnel (15), wherein the waterproof structure (19) and the permanent roof structure (20) are closely attached to the primary lining structure (13) of the pilot tunnel (15), one end of which is embedded in the pile top crown beam (18), and the other end is connected to a pre-buried connection node (14) in the pilot tunnel (15);

[0057] e) positioning and laying out the area between the guide tunnels (15) on both sides in the conversion channel (10), laying out a row of advance support structures (12) perpendicular to the direction of the conversion channel (10), breaking the side wall of the conversion channel (10) under the advance support structure (12), excavating the soil between the guide tunnels (15) and constructing the primary lining structure (13), when the length of the advance support structure (12) remaining in the soil between the guide tunnels (15) is less than 2m, re-laying and laying out a row of advance support structures (12), and proceeding in a cycle until the length is the same as that of the guide tunnels (15) on both sides;

[0058] f) When the designed side wall spans on both sides of the under-road stereo garage are large, a middle guide tunnel is added between the side walls. The construction steps of the middle guide tunnel are the same as those of the two side guide tunnels (15). Engineering piles are driven into the middle guide tunnel to bear the upper load.

[0059] g) constructing an underground three-dimensional parking garage waterproof structure (19) and a permanent roof structure (20) between the pilot tunnels (15), wherein the waterproof structure (19) and the permanent roof structure (20) are connected to the pre-buried connection nodes (14) in the pilot tunnels (15) on both sides;

[0060] h) Excavating the soil downward in sections and symmetrically to the elevation of the floor plate (22) of the under-road stereo garage, during the excavation process, removing the remaining pilot hole (15) primary lining structure (13); setting a tie net between the supporting piles (16) and spraying concrete as the supporting piles (16) are exposed, setting a waterproof layer on the surface of the supporting piles (16), supporting the formwork on one side, and pouring the wall structure (21) of the under-road stereo garage;

[0061] i) Excavate the soil to 0.2 m below the bottom elevation of the three-dimensional parking garage floor (22), pour a concrete cushion layer, lay a waterproof layer, and pour the three-dimensional parking garage floor (22) structure under the road to form a closed structural space;

[0062] Step 4: constructing the structure of the three-dimensional garage, using the shaft structure (9) during the construction process as the lifting passage (7) of the three-dimensional garage, and setting the top of the lifting passage (7) and the corresponding ground position as the entrance and exit area (8) of the three-dimensional garage; using all or part of the conversion passage (10) during the construction process as the connecting passage (6) of the three-dimensional garage; using the main area of ​​the garage (1) and part of the conversion passage (10) as parking units (2), setting a handling passage (3) and a parking layer (4) made of concrete structure or steel structure in the main area of ​​the garage (1) and part of the conversion passage (10), and setting the parking layer (4) as one or more layers;

[0063] Step 5: Installation of mechanical equipment system and control system of the three-dimensional parking garage: installing the mechanical equipment system, control system and supporting system of the three-dimensional parking garage in the entrance and exit area (8), lifting channel (7), connecting channel (6) and parking unit (2) of the completed three-dimensional parking garage.

[0064] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the advanced support structure (12) is an advanced small pipe and / or an advanced large pipe rack structure. When the quality of the soil above the advanced support structure (12) is poor, the soil is reinforced by advanced pre-grouting in the soil through the advanced support structure (12).

[0065] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, a water-stop curtain can also be set on the outside of the support structure of the vertical shaft structure (9) according to the conditions of the aquifer in the stratum.

[0066] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the support piles (16) and water-stopping structures (17) constructed inside the guide tunnel (15) are constructed in sections using miniaturized equipment due to the limitation of the size of the guide tunnel (15); when the ground has construction conditions, the support piles (16) and water-stopping structures (17) are constructed on the ground but no excavation is performed.

[0067] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, when the span of the multi-story parking garage is relatively large, a plurality of guide holes (15) are arranged in the conversion channel (10), and the permanent roof structure of the multi-story parking garage is constructed between the plurality of guide holes (15) and the guide holes (15).

[0068] In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the single vertical shaft structure (9) can serve one or more conversion channels (10), and holes are opened on one side or multiple sides in the vertical shaft structure (9) to build the conversion channels (10).

Claims

1. A construction method for an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic parking garage, characterized in that: The main area of ​​the stereo garage is arranged below the road area and / or the adjacent road area, and the main area of ​​the stereo garage is formed by dark excavation construction. The main area of ​​the stereo garage is formed by connecting a plurality of step-by-step dark excavation spaces; one or more parking units are arranged in the dark excavation space, and a conveying channel and a parking layer made of steel structure or concrete structure are arranged in the parking unit, and parking spaces are arranged on the parking layer; the parking unit is connected to the ground entrance and exit area through a connecting channel and a lifting channel; or the parking unit is connected to the ground entrance and exit area through a lifting channel; the lifting channel is constructed separately, or the shaft structure in the process of constructing the stereo garage is utilized; the connecting channel is constructed separately, or the conversion channel in the process of constructing the stereo garage is utilized; a mechanical equipment system, a control system, and a supporting system are arranged inside the entrance and exit area, the lifting channel, the connecting channel, and the parking unit; the exchange of vehicles between the parking space and the entrance and exit area is completed through the mechanical equipment system, the control system, the supporting system, and the connecting channel and the lifting channel. The construction method of the stereo garage includes the following steps: Step 1: construct a shaft structure. A shaft structure is constructed in the road area and / or the area adjacent to the road. One or more combinations of reinforced concrete piles, steel pipe piles, steel sheet piles, interlocking piles, SMW method piles, and inverted shaft walls are used as the support structure outside the shaft structure. The shaft structure is made of cast-in-place concrete structure or precast concrete structure. When a caisson or underground continuous wall construction method is used, the caisson structure or underground continuous wall structure is used as the support structure outside the shaft structure, or is used as both a support structure and a permanent shaft structure. The shaft structure is a vertical passage for dark excavation construction equipment to enter the underground construction area. The depth of the shaft structure is greater than the designed top slab depth of the underground parking garage; Step 2: Build a conversion channel. The conversion channel can expand the construction space of the dark excavation, changing the expansion from the shaft to the expansion through the conversion channel. The construction of the conversion channel includes the following main steps: A row of advance support structures is built on the shaft wall of the shaft structure near the road to support the soil above the advance support structure, and the shaft wall structure under the advance support structure is broken to carry out soil excavation of the transfer channel and construction of the initial lining structure of the transfer channel. When the remaining length of the advance support structure in the transfer channel is less than 2m, a row of advance support structures is re-overlapped and built, and the cycle continues until the transfer channel exceeds the designed side wall of the underground parking garage away from the shaft structure by 1m-2m; Step 3: Construction of the main area of ​​the garage, including the following steps: a) Position and lay out the side walls of the conversion channel, and mark the top elevation line of the designed roof of the under-road stereo garage and the outer edges of the designed side walls on both sides of the under-road stereo garage; b) A row of advance support structures perpendicular to the direction of the transfer channel is built at the designed side wall positions on both sides of the under-road stereo garage marked by the transfer channel, and the side walls of the transfer channel under the advance support structures are broken to carry out the excavation of the pilot tunnel soil and the construction of the pilot tunnel primary lining structure; when the remaining length of the advance support structure in the pilot tunnel in the soil is less than 2m, a row of advance support structures is re-overlapped and built, and the process is repeated until the pilot tunnel exceeds the designed side wall of the under-road stereo garage by 1m-2m. During the construction of the primary lining structure, a permanent structure connection node is pre-buried at the top of the pilot tunnel to provide a connection foundation for the subsequent permanent structure; c) After the construction of the pilot tunnels on both sides of the underground stereo garage is completed, support piles and water-stopping structures are constructed inside the pilot tunnels. The support piles and water-stopping structures are located at the outer edges of the designed side walls of the underground stereo garage. The support piles go deep below the bottom of the underground stereo garage to be constructed, and serve as support structures during the construction of the underground stereo garage, providing support for the construction process of the underground stereo garage and the main structure of the underground stereo garage; d) A pile top crown beam is constructed on the top of the support piles in the pilot tunnel, and an underground three-dimensional parking garage waterproof structure and a permanent roof structure are constructed between the pile top crown beam and the top of the pilot tunnel. The waterproof structure and the permanent roof structure are closely attached to the primary lining structure of the pilot tunnel, with one end buried in the pile top crown beam and the other end connected to the pre-buried connection node in the pilot tunnel; e) Position and lay out the area between the two side guide tunnels in the conversion channel, build a row of advance support structures perpendicular to the direction of the conversion channel, break the side wall of the conversion channel under the advance support structure, excavate the soil between the guide tunnels and construct the primary lining structure. When the remaining length of the advance support structure between the guide tunnels in the soil is less than 2m, re-overlap and build a row of advance support structures, and move forward in a cycle until the length is the same as the guide tunnels on both sides; f) When the designed side wall spans on both sides of the under-road stereo garage are large, a middle guide tunnel is added between the side walls. The construction steps of the middle guide tunnel are the same as those of the two side guide tunnels. Engineering piles are driven in the middle guide tunnel to bear the upper load; g) constructing a waterproof structure and a permanent roof structure for the underground parking garage between the pilot tunnels, wherein the waterproof structure and the permanent roof structure are connected to the pre-buried connection nodes in the pilot tunnels on both sides; h) Excavate the soil symmetrically in sections to the floor level of the underground parking garage. During the excavation process, remove the remaining pilot tunnel primary lining structure. As the supporting piles are exposed, tie nets are set between the supporting piles and concrete is sprayed. A waterproof layer is set on the surface of the supporting piles. Formwork is supported on one side and the wall structure of the underground parking garage is cast. i) Excavate the soil to 0.2m below the bottom elevation of the three-dimensional garage floor, pour the concrete cushion layer, lay the waterproof layer, and pour the floor structure of the three-dimensional garage under the road to form a closed structural space; Step 4: construct the structure of the three-dimensional garage, using the shaft structure in the construction process as the lifting passage of the three-dimensional garage, setting the top of the lifting passage and the corresponding ground position as the entrance and exit area of ​​the three-dimensional garage; using all or part of the conversion passage in the construction process as the connecting passage of the three-dimensional garage; using the main area of ​​the garage and part of the conversion passage as parking units, setting a handling passage and a parking layer made of concrete structure or steel structure in the main area of ​​the garage and part of the conversion passage, and the parking layer is set as one or more layers; Step 5: Installation of mechanical equipment system and control system of the three-dimensional parking garage. The mechanical equipment system, control system and supporting system of the three-dimensional parking garage are installed in the entrance and exit areas, lifting passages, connecting passages and parking units of the completed three-dimensional parking garage.

2. The construction method of an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic parking garage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting channel is provided with a buffer parking space. During the peak parking period, vehicles parked in the entrance and exit area are preferentially transported to the buffer parking space through the control system and the mechanical equipment system in the lifting channel. Vehicles parked in the buffer parking space are then parked in the parking unit through the coordination of the control system, the lifting channel and the mechanical equipment system in the connecting channel. After the cached parking spaces are full or during non-peak parking periods, the control system, the lifting passages and the mechanical equipment systems in the connecting passages cooperate with each other to directly transport the vehicles parked in the entrance and exit areas to the parking units; during the peak vehicle pickup period and / or before the peak vehicle pickup period, the control system, the lifting passages and the mechanical equipment systems in the connecting passages cooperate with each other to randomly or according to reservation instructions park the vehicles in the cached parking spaces, and after receiving the vehicle pickup instructions, the vehicles in the cached parking spaces are handed over to the entrance and exit areas.

3. The construction method of an under-road tunnel type stereoscopic parking garage according to claim 2, characterized in that: A vertical circulation type stereo garage equipment, a vertical lifting type stereo garage equipment, a vertical movable stereo garage equipment or a multi-layer circulation type stereo garage equipment is arranged in the lifting channel, and the cache parking space is a parking space provided by the vertical circulation type or vertical lifting type or vertical movable or multi-layer circulation type stereo garage equipment.

4. The construction method of an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic parking garage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The advanced support structure is an advanced small pipe and / or an advanced large pipe shelf structure. When the quality of the soil above the advanced support structure is poor, the soil is reinforced by advanced pre-grouting into the soil through the advanced support structure.

5. The construction method of an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic parking garage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water-stop curtain can also be arranged on the outside of the supporting structure of the vertical shaft structure according to the conditions of the aquifer in the stratum.

6. The construction method of an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic parking garage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting piles and water-stopping structures constructed inside the pilot tunnel are constructed in sections using miniaturized equipment due to the limitation of the size of the pilot tunnel; when the ground has construction conditions, the supporting piles and water-stopping structures are constructed on the ground without excavation.

7. The construction method of an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic parking garage according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the span of the multi-story parking garage is large, multiple guide tunnels are arranged in the conversion channel, and the permanent roof structure of the multi-story parking garage is constructed between the multiple guide tunnels.

8. The construction method of an under-road tunnel-type stereoscopic parking garage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single vertical shaft structure can serve one or more conversion channels, and holes are opened on one side or multiple sides in the vertical shaft structure to build the conversion channels.

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