A six-degree-of-freedom bulk slope stability simulation test device and test method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a six-degree-of-freedom bulk slope stability simulation test device, comprising a slope model, a base model, a frame device, a vibration device, a rainfall device, a track device, and a monitoring device, wherein the slope model and the base model are placed in a model box formed by the frame device, the rainfall device is welded to the top of the frame device, and the track device is welded to the frame device. In the vibration device, a forward variable frequency vibrator and a lateral variable frequency vibrator are located on both sides of the frame device, an upper base plate variable frequency vibrator is welded to the bottom of the frame device, a local variable frequency vibrator is located on the track device, and a monitoring device is installed on the front baffle of the model box. The present invention can realize the test of bulk slope stability under the coupling of multiple factors such as vibration, rainfall, and particle size, and can also realize the test of bulk slope stability under the coupling of lateral vibration and longitudinal vibration, as well as the slope stability under the vibration of local load on the upper part of the slope or when coupled with other factors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of open-pit mine dump stability research, and proposes a six-degree-of-freedom bulk slope stability simulation test device and a test method. Background Art

[0002] The formation of spoil dump is the inevitable result of mining, especially open-pit mining. Its composition materials are mainly composed of the topsoil and rocks stripped off during open-pit mining, and sometimes also include possible reclaimed off-surface ore and lean ore. Since the spoil dump is a large artificial loose accumulation, this feature determines that the spoil dump is very likely to form landslides, mudslides and other mining geological disasters. In recent years, most open-pit mines in my country have gradually entered the stage of deep pit mining, and the capacity demand for spoil dumps has gradually increased. At the same time, affected by factors such as mining economy, terrain conditions, and environment, the height of open-pit mine spoil dumps has continued to increase. In addition, since the spoil dump has a significant particle size classification phenomenon of accumulated bulk bodies, and the cementation between particles is weak, it is very easy to form landslides and mudslides of different scales when affected by external factors such as vibration and rainfall. Therefore, the stability analysis of the spoil dump slope is also different from that of the general mine soil slope, and its stability research also needs to form methods and theories with its own characteristics. At present, most of the research on the stability of bulk slopes at home and abroad is based on the numerical simulation method to evaluate its stability. However, since the bulk slope rock and soil belongs to loose geological bodies, its physical and mechanical properties are relatively complex, and it is often difficult to accurately evaluate its stability. The results obtained by numerical simulation calculations can only be used as a reference for its stability evaluation. In addition, the study of the mechanical properties of bulk particles is affected by many factors, and there are factors that are difficult to control artificially in similar experiments carried out in the laboratory. Therefore, a bulk slope stability test device that can comprehensively consider the coupling of vibration, rainfall, particle size and other factors is studied. Similar simulations are carried out indoors, and real-time monitoring is realized at the same time. The instability mechanism of bulk slopes under the coupling of multiple factors is explored and studied, which is of great significance for the super-high design, optimized expansion, and landslide prediction and prevention of spoil dumps. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a six-degree-of-freedom bulk slope stability simulation test device and test method based on similarity theory. The provided device can realize bulk slope stability testing and landslide data monitoring at different discharge heights and different slope angles under the separate or coupled effects of factors such as vibration, rainfall, groundwater, particle size, etc.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A six-degree-of-freedom bulk slope stability simulation test device and test method, comprising a base model, a frame device, a slope model, a track device, a vibration device, a rainfall device, and a monitoring device.

[0006] The base model is composed of fourth or muddy sandstone and sandy mudstone with certain porosity and strength.

[0007] The frame device includes a base plate device, a supporting device, and a model box; the base plate device is composed of an upper base plate metal plate and a lower base plate metal plate, and the lower base plate metal plate is provided with two tracks on two adjacent sides of its top; the upper base plate metal plate is provided with two tracks on two adjacent sides of its bottom, and a vibration data acquisition sensor is provided on each of the adjacent two sides and the bottom, and the upper base plate metal plate and the lower base plate metal plate are connected by four equal-length cylindrical steel columns; the supporting device is composed of four equal-length cylindrical steel columns and four equal-length rectangular steel columns; the model box is composed of four transparent baffles, among which the front baffle is lower in height, and the other three baffles are of the same height, and a movable displacement monitoring device is provided on the front baffle.

[0008] The slope model is formed by piling up loose particles and can be a dumping ground with a single step or multiple steps.

[0009] The vibration device includes an upper base plate variable frequency vibration machine, a lateral variable frequency vibration machine, a forward variable frequency vibration machine, a local variable frequency vibration machine, a local vibration transmission combination plate and a suction cup. The upper base plate variable frequency vibration machine, the lateral variable frequency vibration machine and the forward variable frequency vibration machine are connected to the upper base plate metal plate through the suction cup. The local variable frequency vibration machine is placed on a track and connected to the local vibration transmission combination plate through the suction cup. The local vibration transmission combination plate is composed of multiple transmission plates of different sizes connected by strip suction cups.

[0010] The rainfall device consists of a water collecting tank and a rainfall control device. The water collecting tank consists of four transparent baffles of equal height. The rainfall control device consists of an upper equipotent plate, a middle equipotent plate, and a lower non-porous plate. The upper equipotent plate and the middle equipotent plate have small holes of the same size and uniformity, and the lower non-porous plate has no holes. The three plates are sealed and connected to the four baffles, and the middle equipotent plate and the lower non-porous plate can slide along the baffles. The lower non-porous plate and the upper base metal plate are connected by four square steel columns.

[0011] The track device includes a bottom track, a middle track, an upper track and a longitudinal track. The bottom track is arranged on the adjacent two sides of the top of the lower bottom plate metal plate, and is connected to the bottom of the upper bottom plate variable frequency vibrator and the lateral variable frequency vibrator. The middle track is arranged on the adjacent two sides of the bottom of the upper bottom plate metal plate, and on both sides of the adjacent side edges; the upper track is arranged on the two side plates, and the track between the two side plates is arranged with two connected vertical tracks, and the local variable frequency vibrator and the local vibration transmission combination plate are connected by suction cups. The longitudinal track is perpendicular to the upper bottom plate metal plate along the two side baffles, and is connected to the upper tracks on both sides of the upper bottom plate metal plate.

[0012] The monitoring device consists of a variable displacement monitoring device and a vibration monitoring device; the variable displacement monitoring device is arranged on the front baffle and can move freely on the front baffle, and multiple monitoring devices can be arranged as needed; the vibration monitoring device is arranged at the end of each variable frequency vibration machine, moves with the vibration machine, and can also move independently.

[0013] A six-degree-of-freedom bulk slope stability simulation test method comprises the following steps:

[0014] a. Model preparation

[0015] The samples obtained from on-site sampling are crushed and pressed in the laboratory, and a base model is made based on similarity theory and actual on-site conditions. After the model is formed, it is placed at the bottom of the model box, and bulk materials can be naturally stacked in layers above the base model according to the particle size.

[0016] b. Device adjustment

[0017] According to the actual situation on site, the position of the local variable frequency vibrator is adjusted through the track device; the position of the vibration monitoring device, as well as the position and number of the variable displacement monitoring devices are adjusted as needed.

[0018] c. Environmental simulation

[0019] Turn on the variable frequency vibrator to simulate the impact of vibrations in different directions on the bulk slope. You can also turn it on at certain intervals to pump the middle uniformly perforated plate and the lower non-perforated plate to simulate the impact of rainfall and groundwater on the bulk slope.

[0020] d. Data monitoring

[0021] During the experiment, the monitoring device was used to continuously monitor the displacement of the slope surface and the vibration generated by the variable frequency vibrator, and collect relevant data.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] 1. The present invention can realize similar simulation tests of bulk slopes, and can consider the stability of bulk slopes under the effects of vibration, rainfall, groundwater, particle size and other factors alone or under the coupling effects of multiple factors.

[0024] 2. The present invention can realize similar simulation tests of bulk slopes under vibration, and can consider the stability of bulk slopes when lateral vibration and longitudinal vibration act alone or in coupling. It can also consider the stability of bulk slopes when longitudinal vibration occurs first and lateral vibration occurs later under vibration.

[0025] 3. The present invention can realize similar simulation tests under the vibration of local load on the upper part of the bulk slope, and can consider the stability of the bulk slope when the local load on the upper part of the bulk slope acts alone or is coupled with other vibrations at the bottom.

[0026] 4. The components of the device of the present invention are easy to manufacture and have a simple structure. It can monitor the displacement changes of the surface and the interior of the bulk slope under the action of a single factor or the coupling of multiple factors in real time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is a front view of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a left side view of the present invention;

[0030] In the figure: 1—upper averaging plate 2—middle averaging plate 3—lower non-perforated plate 4—transparent front baffle of rainfall device 5—square steel column 6—upper bottom plate metal plate 7—cylindrical steel column 8—lower bottom plate metal plate 9—transparent front baffle of model box 10—local variable frequency vibrator 11—local vibration transmission combination plate 12—lateral variable frequency vibrator 13—forward variable frequency vibrator 14—upper bottom plate variable frequency vibrator 15—base model 16—slope model 17—longitudinal track 18—upper longitudinal track 19—upper transverse track 20—bottom transverse track 21—middle track 22—variable displacement monitoring device 23—vibration monitoring device 24—transparent rear baffle of model box 25—transparent side baffles of model box 26—transparent rear baffle of rainfall device 27—transparent side baffles of rainfall device 28—bottom longitudinal track 29—suction cup DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The specific implementation of this patent is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] A six-degree-of-freedom bulk slope stability simulation test device and test method, comprising a base model, a frame device, a slope model, a track device, a vibration device, a rainfall device, and a monitoring device.

[0033] The base model 15 is sampled on site, crushed and pressed in the laboratory, and the final base model is used to simulate the base of the spoil dump, and its parameters such as porosity and strength are consistent with those on site; the slope model 16 is made of materials taken from the site, crushed and pressed in the laboratory, and screened, and piled into a single-step or multi-step bulk slope, which is used to simulate the stability of bulk slopes under different particle sizes and particle size combinations; the base model 15 is prefabricated and placed in a model box, and the bulk material is piled on the top to finally form the slope model 16; the model box is part of the frame device, and is composed of a transparent front baffle 9 of the model box, a transparent rear baffle 24 of the model box, transparent side baffles 25 of the model box and an upper bottom plate metal plate 6, the front and rear and side baffles are connected by right-angle connectors and stainless steel self-tapping screws, the baffles and the upper bottom plate metal plate are connected by right-angle connectors, self-tapping screws and hexagonal pointed nuts, and sealant is used to seal after the connection is completed.

[0034] The frame device is composed of a lower bottom plate metal plate 8, an upper bottom plate metal plate 6, four cylindrical steel columns 7 and four square steel columns 5. The upper bottom plate metal plate 6 and the lower bottom plate metal plate 8 are welded and connected by the cylindrical steel column 7. One end of the square steel column 5 is welded to the upper bottom plate metal plate 6, and the other end is connected to the rainfall device by a right-angle buckle.

[0035] The rainfall device comprises an upper pore-averaging plate 1, a middle pore-averaging plate 2, a lower non-porous plate 3, a transparent front baffle plate 4 of the rainfall device, a transparent rear baffle plate 26 of the rainfall device and transparent side baffle plates 27 of the rainfall device, wherein the upper pore-averaging plate and the middle pore-averaging plate are provided with small holes of relative density, size and position, the transparent rear baffle plate of the rainfall device and the side baffle plates surround the upper pore-averaging plate, the middle pore-averaging plate and the lower non-porous plate and are sealed, the upper pore-averaging plate is fixed between the three baffle plates, the middle pore-averaging plate and the lower non-porous plate can slide along the side baffle plates, and the upper pore-averaging plate is placed on the upper pore-averaging plate in a hinged manner and is sealed.

[0036] The vibration device includes a local variable frequency vibration machine 10, a local vibration transmission combination plate 11, a lateral variable frequency vibration machine 12, a forward variable frequency vibration machine 13 and an upper bottom plate variable frequency vibration machine 14, wherein the vibration ends of the lateral variable frequency vibration machine and the forward variable frequency vibration machine are close to the upper bottom plate metal plate 6, and a suction cup 29 is connected to one end of the vibration machine base to connect it to the upper bottom plate metal plate 6, the other end of the forward variable frequency vibration machine 13 is connected to the bottom transverse track 20, the other end of the lateral variable frequency vibration machine 12 is connected to the bottom longitudinal track 28, and the local variable frequency vibration machine 10, the local vibration transmission combination plate 11 and the upper transverse track 19 are connected through a suction cup.

[0037] The track device includes a longitudinal track 17, an upper longitudinal track 18, an upper transverse track 19, a bottom transverse track 20, a bottom longitudinal track 28 and a middle track 21, wherein the longitudinal track 17 is connected to the upper transverse track 19 by welding, and is placed on the upper longitudinal track 18 through a pulley, a pulley is welded to the other end of the longitudinal track 17, and is connected to the middle track 21; the bottom transverse track 20 is welded to the lower bottom plate metal plate 8, and is connected to the bottom end of the forward variable frequency vibrator 13 through a pulley, the bottom longitudinal track 28 is welded to the lower bottom plate metal plate 8, and is connected to the bottom end of the lateral variable frequency vibrator 12 through a pulley, and both ends of the upper longitudinal track 18 are welded to the square steel column 5.

[0038] The monitoring device includes a variable displacement monitoring device 22 and a vibration monitoring device 23, wherein the variable displacement monitoring device is placed on the transparent front baffle 9 of the model box through a suction cup, and the vibration monitoring device 23 is connected to the local vibration transmission composite plate 11 and the upper bottom plate metal plate 6 through the suction cup respectively.

[0039] A six-degree-of-freedom bulk slope stability simulation test method, using the above-mentioned testing machine, the test method specifically includes the following steps:

[0040] a. Model preparation

[0041] The samples obtained from on-site sampling are crushed and pressed in the laboratory, and a base model is made based on similarity theory and actual on-site conditions. After the model is formed, it is placed at the bottom of the model box, and bulk materials can be naturally stacked in layers above the base model according to the particle size.

[0042] b. Device adjustment

[0043] According to the actual situation on site, the position of the local variable frequency vibrator is adjusted through the track device, and the stability of the bulk slope under the action of local load vibration is considered; the position of the vibration monitoring device, as well as the position and number of the variable displacement monitoring devices are adjusted as needed.

[0044] c. Environmental simulation

[0045] Turn on the variable frequency vibrator to simulate the stability of the bulk slope without vibration; turn on the variable frequency vibrator of the upper base plate, and after a certain period of time, turn on the forward variable frequency vibrator or the lateral variable frequency vibrator to consider the stability of the bulk slope under vibration in different directions at different time points; pump the middle uniformly perforated plate and the lower non-perforated plate to simulate the impact of rainfall and groundwater on the bulk slope.

[0046] d. Data monitoring

[0047] During the experiment, the monitoring device was used to continuously monitor the displacement of the slope surface and the vibration generated by the variable frequency vibrator, and collect relevant data.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, such as changing the position of the vibration monitor and the variable displacement monitor, changing the contact form between the variable frequency vibration machine and the upper base metal plate, changing the connection method between the track device and the upper base metal plate and the track, etc., should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A six-degree-of-freedom bulk slope stability simulation test device, comprising a slope model, a base model, a frame device, a vibration device, a rainfall device, a track device, and a monitoring device, characterized in that: The slope model and the base model constitute a bulk slope model, which is placed in a model box in the frame device, the rainfall device is welded to the top of the support device in the frame device, the track device is distributed at the bottom, middle and top of the frame device, the vibration device is placed in the middle of the frame device, and the monitoring device is installed next to the vibration device and can be moved; the rainfall device consists of an upper equipoise plate, a middle equipoise plate, a lower non-porous plate, a transparent front baffle plate of the rainfall device, a transparent rear baffle plate of the rainfall device and transparent baffle plates on both sides of the rainfall device, wherein the upper equipoise plate The plate and the middle equipotential plate are provided with small holes of relative density, size and position. The transparent rear baffle of the rainfall device and the baffles on both sides surround the upper equipotential plate, the middle equipotential plate and the lower non-porous plate and are sealed. The upper equipotential plate is fixed between the three baffles. The middle equipotential plate and the lower non-porous plate can slide along the baffles on both sides. The transparent front baffle of the rainfall device is placed on the upper equipotential plate in a hinged manner and is sealed. The upper equipotential plate is in sealing contact with the transparent rear baffle and the baffles on both sides of the rainfall device. The middle equipotential plate can slide along the two baffles of the rainfall device. The side transparent baffles slide forward and backward, and the rainfall is controlled by aligning with the small holes of the upper averaging plate. The lower non-porous plate can slide forward and backward along the transparent baffles on both sides of the rainfall device, and control whether it rains by blocking the middle and upper averaging plates. The upper averaging plate, the middle averaging plate, and the lower non-porous plate are all sealed to ensure that water will not be left between the plates or leak. The vibration device consists of a local variable frequency vibrator, a local vibration transmission combination plate, a lateral variable frequency vibrator, a forward variable frequency vibrator, and an upper bottom plate variable frequency vibrator, wherein the lateral variable frequency vibrator and the forward variable frequency vibrator are The vibrating end of the variable frequency vibrator is close to the upper bottom plate metal plate, and a suction cup is connected to one end of the vibrator base to connect it to the upper bottom plate metal plate. The other end of the forward variable frequency vibrator is connected to the bottom transverse track, and the other end of the lateral variable frequency vibrator is connected to the bottom longitudinal track. The vibrator can move along the bottom track. The upper bottom plate variable frequency vibrator is welded to the bottom center of the upper bottom plate metal plate. The vibration waves generated by the upper bottom plate variable frequency vibrator, the lateral variable frequency vibrator and the forward variable frequency vibrator are transmitted to the base model through the upper bottom plate metal plate and finally act on the slope model.

2. A six-degree-of-freedom bulk slope stability simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base model is made by sampling on site and crushing and pressing in the laboratory; the slope model is made by crushing and pressing materials taken from the site in the laboratory, and then screening and stacking them into a single-step or multi-step bulk slope.

3. The six-degree-of-freedom bulk slope stability simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The local variable frequency vibrator, the local vibration transmission combination plate and the upper transverse track are connected by a suction cup. The local variable frequency vibrator can move back and forth on the upper transverse track. The upper transverse track can carry the local variable frequency vibrator to move forward and backward along the upper longitudinal track, and can also carry the local variable frequency vibrator to move up and down along the longitudinal track to approach the slope model.

4. The six-degree-of-freedom bulk slope stability simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The local vibration transmission composite plate is connected to the upper transverse track via a suction cup. The area of ​​vibration action can be changed by increasing or decreasing the number of composite plates according to the action area of ​​the simulated load. After the local vibration composite plate contacts the slope model, it generates vibration while controlling the local variable frequency vibrator to move along the upper transverse track to simulate the vibration generated by the moving load.

5. A six-degree-of-freedom bulk slope stability simulation test method, using a six-degree-of-freedom bulk slope stability simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: a. Model preparation According to the samples collected on site, they are crushed and pressed in the laboratory, and a base model is made according to the similarity theory and the actual situation on site. After the model is formed, it is placed at the bottom of the model box. The bulk material can be naturally piled up in layers above the base model according to the particle size. b. Device adjustment According to the actual situation on site, the position of the local variable frequency vibrator is adjusted through the track device, and the stability of the bulk slope under the action of local load vibration is considered; the position of the vibration monitoring device, as well as the position and number of the variable displacement monitoring devices are adjusted as needed; c. Environmental simulation Turn on the variable frequency vibrator to simulate the stability of the bulk slope under vibration; turn on the variable frequency vibrator on the upper base plate, and after a certain period of time, turn on the forward variable frequency vibrator or the lateral variable frequency vibrator to consider the stability of the bulk slope under vibration in different directions at different time points; slide the middle uniformly perforated plate and the lower non-perforated plate to simulate the impact of rainfall and groundwater on the bulk slope; d. Data monitoring During the experiment, the monitoring device was used to continuously monitor the displacement of the slope surface and the vibration generated by the variable frequency vibrator, and collect relevant data.

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