A temperature control system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
By designing a occupant heating cycle system in a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, and using a water-heat exchanger and HVAC assembly to replace the thermal energy of the fuel reactor into the occupant, the high energy consumption and inaccurate temperature control in the prior art are solved. The problem has achieved efficient temperature management and cost reduction.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202011190179.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2020-10-30
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2040-10-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing hydrogen fuel cell vehicles mainly rely on electric heaters for heating in winter, resulting in increased energy consumption and high fuel cell operation costs, and inaccurate temperature control, which affects the vehicle's mileage and the safety of fuel cells.
A occupant cabin heating circulation system including coolant circuits I and II is designed to replace the thermal energy of the fuel reactor into the occupant cabin through a water heat exchanger and an HVAC assembly, and to regulate the water flow through an electronic water pump and a hydrothermal PTC. and heating power, precisely control the temperature of the occupant and battery pack.
High-precision control of the temperature of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is achieved, energy consumption and operating costs are reduced, and vehicle mileage and fuel cell safety are improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN112158050B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of thermal management systems for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and more specifically to a temperature control system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Background Art
[0002] Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. It is environmentally friendly and high-energy, and is the energy with the greatest development potential in the 21st century. Currently, new energy vehicles are developing in full swing, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are regarded as one of the most promising new energy vehicles due to their unique advantages. With the national policy leaning towards hydrogen energy, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will gradually occupy the market.
[0003] In the prior art, fuel cell vehicles generally use electric heaters directly for heating in winter, which seriously affects the energy consumption and mileage of the vehicle. The waste heat of the fuel cell is not comprehensively utilized, which increases the operating cost of vehicle fuel cells and hinders the industrialization process of fuel cell vehicles. The normal operating temperature of the fuel cell is between 60℃ and 80℃. If the temperature is too low, the working efficiency will decrease; if the temperature is too high, the membrane electrode will lose water, which will cause battery damage. Therefore, the working environment requirements of the battery are particularly stringent, and precise temperature control is required to improve the working efficiency and operating safety of the fuel cell. Summary of the invention
[0004] 1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
[0005] In view of the problem that fuel cell vehicles in the prior art generally use electric heaters for heating, which increases the operating cost of the vehicle fuel cell, the present invention proposes a temperature control system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, including a passenger compartment, wherein the passenger compartment heating circulation system includes a coolant loop I and a coolant loop II, wherein the coolant loop I is connected to the coolant loop II through a water heat exchanger, and the heat energy in the fuel reactor water path in the coolant loop I is replaced to the passenger compartment through the HVAC assembly in the coolant loop II, so that the thermal management control accuracy of the passenger compartment is high and the energy-saving effect is good.
[0006] 2. Technical solution
[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:
[0008] A temperature control system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle includes a passenger compartment heating circulation system, wherein the passenger compartment heating circulation system includes a coolant loop I and a coolant loop II, wherein the coolant loop I is connected in parallel with the coolant loop II via a water heat exchanger, and heat energy in a fuel reactor water circuit connected in series to the coolant loop I is displaced into the passenger compartment via an HVAC assembly connected in series to the coolant loop II, thereby achieving high thermal management control accuracy in the passenger compartment and good energy-saving effect.
[0009] A further technical solution is that the coolant loop II includes a closed loop formed by connecting the No. 1 electronic water pump, a water heat exchanger, a water thermal PTC, a three-way valve and an HVAC assembly through pipes; the coolant loop III includes a closed loop formed by connecting the No. 2 electronic water pump, a battery cooler and a battery pack water circuit through pipes. According to the temperature demand value of the passenger compartment, the switch of the fuel reactor water circuit and the output power of the No. 1 electronic water pump are adjusted, and then the water flow rate of each water circuit and the heating power of the water thermal PTC are adjusted to accurately control the temperature in the passenger compartment.
[0010] A further technical solution also includes a battery heating circulation system, which includes a coolant loop III, and the two ends of the coolant loop III are connected in parallel to the coolant loop II through a water valve and a three-way valve, respectively. By connecting each temperature control system in a loop, each temperature control system has the advantages of simple and compact structure, easy installation and complete functions. When using the battery pack heating demand function, according to the temperature demand value of the battery pack, by adjusting the switch of the fuel reactor water circuit and the output power of the No. 1 electronic water pump, the water flow of each water circuit, the heating power of the hydrothermal PTC, the opening of the three-way valve, the switch of the water valve and the output power of the No. 2 electronic water pump are correspondingly adjusted, thereby adjusting the water flow of the water circuit to accurately control the battery pack temperature.
[0011] A further technical solution is that an electric heater is installed inside the hydrothermal PTC, and the coolant entering the inside is heated by the electric heater. The overheated coolant is used to heat the air conditioner, thereby avoiding drying out the water vapor in the air and making the blown wind more humid.
[0012] According to a further technical solution, the three-way valve is respectively connected to the hydrothermal PTC, the HVAC assembly and the coolant circuit III, and the direction and flow rate of the coolant flowing through the three-way valve can be controlled by the valve opening thereof, so that the adjustment is convenient and the precision is high.
[0013] A further technical solution is that the HVAC assembly includes an evaporator core, a heater core and a blower. The interior of the HVAC assembly can achieve air circulation, increase or decrease the temperature of the air inside to a desired temperature through heat transfer of internal thermal energy, and then blow out the air at the final temperature through its air outlet.
[0014] According to a further technical solution, the battery pack water channel wraps the battery and can transfer the heat of the battery to the water channel by heat transfer.
[0015] A further technical solution also includes a passenger compartment refrigeration cycle system, the passenger compartment refrigeration cycle system includes a refrigerant circuit I, and the refrigerant circuit I includes a compressor, a condenser, a No. 1 electronic expansion valve and a HVAC assembly connected by a pipeline to form a closed circuit. When the passenger compartment refrigeration function is used, the speed of the compressor 11 and the opening of the No. 1 electronic expansion valve are adjusted according to the required temperature of the passenger compartment to accurately control the temperature of the passenger compartment.
[0016] A further technical solution also includes a battery pack cooling circulation system, which includes a refrigerant circuit II, and the refrigerant circuit II includes a compressor, a condenser, a No. 2 electronic expansion valve, and a battery cooler connected by a pipeline to form a closed circuit. When using the battery pack cooling demand function, according to the required temperature of the battery pack, the speed of the compressor and the opening of the No. 2 electronic expansion valve are adjusted to accurately control the cooling capacity of the refrigeration end; the output power of the No. 2 electronic water pump is adjusted to control the water flow of the battery pack water circuit, thereby accurately controlling the temperature of the battery pack.
[0017] According to a further technical solution, both the No. 1 electronic expansion valve and the No. 2 electronic expansion valve are refrigerant expansion valves whose openings are electrically adjusted according to temperature sensors, and they respectively control the closure of the refrigerant circuit I and the refrigerant circuit II, thereby forming a passenger compartment refrigeration cycle system and a battery pack cooling cycle system respectively, having the advantages of simple and compact structure and easy installation.
[0018] 3. Beneficial effects
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0020] (1) A temperature control system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle of the present invention comprises a passenger compartment heating circulation system, wherein the passenger compartment heating circulation system comprises a coolant loop I and a coolant loop II, wherein the coolant loop II comprises a No. 1 electronic water pump, a water heat exchanger, a water heat PTC, a three-way valve and an HVAC assembly connected by pipelines to form a closed loop; the coolant loop III comprises a No. 2 electronic water pump, a battery cooler and a battery pack water circuit connected by pipelines to form a closed loop, and according to the temperature demand value of the passenger compartment, by adjusting the switch of the fuel reactor water circuit and the output power of the No. 1 electronic water pump, the water flow of each water circuit and the heating power of the water heat PTC are adjusted to accurately control the temperature in the passenger compartment;
[0021] (2) In a temperature control system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle of the present invention, the coolant circuit I is connected to the coolant circuit II through a water heat exchanger, and the heat energy in the fuel reactor water circuit connected in series to the coolant circuit I is replaced into the passenger compartment through the HVAC assembly connected in series to the coolant circuit II, so that the thermal management control accuracy of the passenger compartment is high and the energy saving effect is good;
[0022] (3) A temperature control system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle of the present invention further includes a battery heating circulation system, wherein the battery heating circulation system includes a coolant loop III, and both ends of the coolant loop III are connected in parallel to the coolant loop II through a water valve and a three-way valve, respectively. By connecting each temperature control system in a loop, each temperature control system has the advantages of simple and compact structure, convenient installation and complete functions;
[0023] (4) A temperature control system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle of the present invention further includes a passenger compartment refrigeration cycle system, the passenger compartment refrigeration cycle system includes a refrigerant circuit I, and the refrigerant circuit I includes a compressor condenser, a No. 1 electronic expansion valve, and a HVAC assembly connected by a pipeline to form a closed circuit. When the passenger compartment refrigeration function is used, the speed of the compressor and the opening of the No. 1 electronic expansion valve are adjusted according to the required temperature of the passenger compartment to accurately control the temperature of the passenger compartment;
[0024] (5) A temperature control system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle of the present invention also includes a battery pack cooling circulation system, wherein the battery pack cooling circulation system includes a refrigerant circuit II, wherein the refrigerant circuit II includes a compressor, a condenser, a No. 2 electronic expansion valve, and a battery cooler connected by a pipeline to form a closed circuit. When the battery pack cooling demand function is used, the cooling capacity of the refrigeration end is precisely controlled by adjusting the speed of the compressor and the opening of the No. 2 electronic expansion valve according to the required temperature of the battery pack; the water flow rate of the battery pack water circuit is controlled by adjusting the output power of the No. 2 electronic water pump, thereby precisely controlling the temperature of the battery pack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall temperature control system of the battery and passenger compartment of the battery vehicle of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the passenger compartment refrigeration cycle system of the battery vehicle of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack cooling circulation system of the battery vehicle of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the passenger compartment and battery heating circulation system of the invented battery vehicle.
[0029] In the figure: 1. Fuel reactor; 2. Water heat exchanger; 3. Water thermal PTC; 4. Three-way valve; 5. HVAC assembly; 6. Electronic water pump No. 1; 7. Electronic water pump No. 2; 8. Battery cooler; 9. Battery pack water circuit; 10. Water valve; 11. Compressor; 12. Condenser; 13. Electronic expansion valve No. 1; 14. Electronic expansion valve No. 2; ①. Coolant circuit I; ②. Coolant circuit II; ③. Coolant circuit III; ④. Refrigerant circuit I; ⑤. Refrigerant circuit II. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] In order to further understand the content of the present invention, the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0031] Example 1
[0032] A temperature control system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to this embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, it includes a passenger compartment heating circulation system, which includes a coolant circuit I① and a coolant circuit II②. The coolant circuit I① is connected to the coolant circuit II② through a water heat exchanger 2. The heat energy in the fuel reactor water circuit 1 connected in series on the coolant circuit I① is replaced into the passenger compartment through the HVAC assembly 5 connected in series on the coolant circuit II②, so that the thermal management control accuracy of the passenger compartment is high and the energy saving effect is good. The coolant circuit II② includes a closed circuit formed by connecting the No. 1 electronic water pump 6, the water heat exchanger 2, the water heat PTC 3, the three-way valve 4 and the HVAC assembly 5 through pipelines; the coolant circuit III③ includes a closed circuit formed by connecting the No. 2 electronic water pump 7, the battery cooler 8 and the battery pack water circuit 9 through pipelines. The battery pack water circuit 9 wraps the battery and can replace the heat of the battery to the water circuit by heat transfer.
[0033] In this embodiment, according to the temperature demand value of the passenger compartment, the switch of the fuel reactor water circuit 1 and the output power of the No. 1 electronic water pump 6 are adjusted, thereby adjusting the water flow of each water circuit and the heating power of the water thermal PTC 3 to accurately control the temperature in the passenger compartment. The HVAC assembly 5 includes an evaporator core, a heater core and a blower. The interior of the HVAC assembly 5 can realize air circulation, increase or decrease the temperature of the air inside to the required temperature through the heat transfer of its internal heat energy, and then blow out the air of the final temperature through its air outlet.
[0034] Example 2
[0035] The temperature control system of this embodiment for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle has the same basic structure as that of embodiment 1, except that: Figure 4As shown, it also includes a battery heating circulation system, which includes a coolant circuit III③. Both ends of the coolant circuit III③ are connected in parallel to the coolant circuit II② through a water valve 10 and a three-way valve 4 respectively. By connecting the temperature control systems in a loop, each temperature control system has the advantages of simple and compact structure, easy installation and complete functions.
[0036] In this embodiment, when the battery pack heating demand function is used, according to the temperature demand value of the battery pack, by adjusting the switch of the fuel reactor water circuit 1 and the output power of the No. 1 electronic water pump 6, the water flow of each water circuit, the heating power of the hydrothermal PTC3, the opening of the three-way valve 9, the switch of the water valve 11 and the output power of the No. 2 electronic water pump 7 are adjusted accordingly, thereby adjusting the water flow of the water circuit to accurately control the battery pack temperature. The hydrothermal PTC3 is internally installed with an electric heater, and the coolant entering it is heated by the electric heater, and the overheated coolant is used for heating the air conditioner, thereby avoiding drying the water vapor in the air and making the blown wind more humid.
[0037] Example 3
[0038] The temperature control system of this embodiment for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle has the same basic structure as that of embodiment 2, except that: Figure 2 As shown, it also includes a passenger compartment refrigeration cycle system, which includes a refrigerant circuit I⑤, and the refrigerant circuit I⑤ includes a compressor 11, a condenser 12, a No. 1 electronic expansion valve 13 and an HVAC assembly 5 connected by pipes to form a closed loop. Figure 1 As shown, when the passenger compartment cooling function is used, the rotation speed of the compressor 11 and the opening of the No. 1 electronic expansion valve 13 are adjusted according to the required temperature of the passenger compartment to accurately control the temperature of the passenger compartment; the No. 1 electronic expansion valve 13 is a refrigerant expansion valve whose opening is electrically adjusted according to the temperature sensor, and the refrigerant circuit I⑤ is controlled to be closed to form a passenger compartment refrigeration cycle system, which has the advantages of simple and compact structure and easy installation.
[0039] Example 4
[0040] The temperature control system of this embodiment for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle has the same basic structure as that of embodiment 3, except that: Figure 3 As shown, it also includes a battery pack cooling circulation system, the battery pack cooling circulation system includes a refrigerant circuit II⑥, the refrigerant circuit II⑥ includes a compressor 11, a condenser 12, a second electronic expansion valve 14 and a battery cooler 8 connected by pipes to form a closed loop. Figure 1As shown, when the battery pack cooling demand function is used, the cooling capacity of the refrigeration end is accurately controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the compressor 11 and the opening of the No. 2 electronic expansion valve 14 according to the required temperature of the battery pack; the water flow rate of the battery pack water path 9 is controlled by adjusting the output power of the No. 2 electronic water pump 7, so as to accurately control the temperature of the battery pack; the No. 2 electronic expansion valve 14 is a refrigerant expansion valve that electrically adjusts the opening according to the temperature sensor, and controls the closure of the refrigerant circuit II⑥ to form a passenger compartment refrigeration cycle system, which has the advantages of simple and compact structure and easy installation.
[0041] The present invention and its embodiments are described schematically above, and the description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by it and designs a structural method and an embodiment similar to the technical solution without creativity without departing from the purpose of the invention, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A temperature control system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, characterized in that: The invention comprises a passenger compartment heating circulation system, wherein the passenger compartment heating circulation system comprises a coolant circuit I and a coolant circuit II, wherein the coolant circuit I is connected to the coolant circuit II via a water heat exchanger (2), and heat energy in a fuel reactor water circuit (1) connected in series to the coolant circuit I is replaced into the passenger compartment via an HVAC assembly (5) connected in series to the coolant circuit II; The coolant circuit I comprises a water heat exchanger (2) and a fuel reactor water circuit (1) connected by pipelines to form a closed circuit; The coolant circuit II comprises a closed circuit formed by connecting a No. 1 electronic water pump (6), a water heat exchanger (2), a water heat PTC (3), a three-way valve (4) and an HVAC assembly (5) through pipelines; It also includes a battery heating circulation system, the battery heating circulation system includes a coolant circuit ΙΙΙ, and the two ends of the coolant circuit ΙΙΙ are respectively connected in parallel to the coolant circuit ΙΙ via a water valve (10) and a three-way valve (4); the coolant circuit ΙΙΙ includes a No. 2 electronic water pump (7), a battery cooler (8) and a battery pack water circuit (9) connected by pipelines to form a closed circuit; Also included is a passenger compartment refrigeration cycle system, the passenger compartment refrigeration cycle system comprising a refrigerant circuit I, the refrigerant circuit I comprising a compressor (11), a condenser (12), a No. 1 electronic expansion valve (13) and an HVAC assembly (5) connected by pipelines to form a closed circuit; Also included is a battery pack cooling circulation system, the battery pack cooling circulation system comprising a refrigerant circuit II, the refrigerant circuit II comprising a compressor (11), a condenser (12), a second electronic expansion valve (14) and a battery cooler (8) connected by pipelines to form a closed circuit; The refrigerant circuit I and the refrigerant circuit II share a compressor (11) and a condenser (12).
2. A temperature control system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-heated PTC (3) is internally installed with an electric heater, and the coolant entering the interior is heated by the electric heater.
3. A temperature control system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The three-way valve (4) is respectively connected to the hydrothermal PTC (3), the HVAC assembly (5) and the coolant circuit ΙΙΙ.
4. A temperature control system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The HVAC assembly (5) includes an evaporator core, a heater core and a blower.
5. A temperature control system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The battery pack water channel (9) wraps the battery and can transfer the heat of the battery to the water channel by means of heat transfer.
6. A temperature control system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first electronic expansion valve (13) and the second electronic expansion valve (14) are both refrigerant expansion valves whose openings are electrically adjusted according to temperature sensors.