Adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device for controlling rock slag blockiness in deep and large ventilation shafts and its operation method

Abstract

An adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device for controlling the size of rock slag in a deep and large ventilation shaft. In the fixed transport module, the top plate is the top fixed ring, and the bottom plate is the bottom fixed ring; in the adjustment module, the outer limit ring is evenly distributed inside the hoop ring, and is connected to the central limit ring through a connecting steel sheet; the adjustment module is arranged in layers up and down, and adjacent adjustment modules are connected by connecting modules. The dredging module is a dredging steel bar inserted in each layer of the outer limit ring, and the ends of the dredging steel bar are fixed by anchors in the outer limit rings of the uppermost adjustment module and the lowermost adjustment module. The hoop ring of the uppermost adjustment module is connected to the top plate, and the hoop ring of the lowermost adjustment module is connected to the bottom plate. A handle is set on the connecting steel sheet of the uppermost adjustment module. And an operation method is provided. The present invention is suitable for slag slitting operations in slag slitting wells of different strata. While ensuring that the slag slitting well is unobstructed, it can also improve the efficiency of slag slitting operations, protect the life safety of construction personnel, and save construction period and project costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device for preventing clogging of a slag shaft in a forward blasting excavation stage of a deep and large ventilation shaft of a tunnel constructed by a raise boring machine method and a corresponding use method. Background Art

[0002] The construction process of the tunnel ventilation shaft constructed by the raise boring machine method can be divided into four stages: the pilot hole drilling stage, the raise excavation stage, the forward blasting excavation stage and the slipform support construction stage; the pilot hole drilling and the raise excavation stage are for drilling the slag shaft. The forward blasting stage is to use explosives to blast from the top of the shaft to the bottom to the cross-sectional size of the shaft, and at the same time construct the primary support. The blasted slag is discharged into the bottom lane of the shaft by manual or mechanical means along the slag shaft and then transported out of the shaft by machinery. The slipform support construction stage is to use the slipform system to construct the secondary lining and the middle partition from the bottom of the shaft to the top of the shaft to complete the shaft construction. In the forward blasting stage, since the slag shaft is a slender structure, it is easy to block when removing the slag to form a blockage. Once the blockage is formed, it is very difficult to clear. There are two main reasons for the blockage of the slag well. First, the rock slag discharged into the shaft is too large to form a suspended arch, causing cross-section blockage. For the slag well of a deep and large shaft, it is necessary to ensure that the size of the rock slag entering the slag well is 1 / 3-1 / 6 of the diameter of the slag well. Second, there are weak rock layers in the surrounding rock of the slag well wall, which is prone to collapse under the impact of positive blasting vibration and rock, resulting in blockage of the shaft. In actual construction, it is usually necessary to adjust the blasting parameters to control the maximum rock blockage to ensure that large pieces do not enter the slag well, but the blasting parameters depend on the site conditions and blasting construction experience, and it is difficult to completely prevent large pieces from entering the slag well. The rock entering the slag well has an impact on the wall of the slag well. Therefore, for the slag operation in the weak formation zone, the maximum rock blockage entering the slag well should be appropriately adjusted. However, in the rock formation with better lithology, the efficiency of the slag operation should be considered, and the rock blockage entering the slag well should be appropriately relaxed. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an adjustable slag well anti-blocking device. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device and an operating method for controlling the size of rock slag in deep and large ventilation shafts. The device can control the size of rock blocks entering the shaft through a rotation adjustment function, and is suitable for slag sluice operations in slag sluice shafts of different formations. While ensuring that the slag sluice shaft is unobstructed, the slag sluice operation efficiency can be improved; the device has a protective effect on the slag sluice shaft wall, and can prevent the slag sluice shaft from being blocked when the slag sluice shaft wall collapses and is damaged; the device can effectively prevent construction personnel from falling into the shaft, and ensure the life safety of construction personnel; when a blockage accident occurs in the slag sluice shaft, the device can be used to quickly dredge the shaft, saving construction time and project costs, and has a wide range of application value.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is:

[0005] An adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device for controlling the size of rock slag in a deep and large ventilation shaft comprises a fixed transport module, an adjusting module, a connecting module and a dredging module, wherein the fixed transport module comprises a top plate and a bottom plate, wherein the top plate is a top fixing ring, and the bottom plate is a bottom fixing ring; the adjusting module comprises a hoop reinforcement ring, an outer limiting ring, a central limiting ring and a connecting steel sheet, wherein the outer limiting ring is evenly distributed inside the hoop reinforcement ring and is connected to the central limiting ring through the connecting steel sheet; the adjusting modules are arranged in layers up and down, and adjacent adjusting modules are connected through the connecting module, the dredging module is a dredging steel bar inserted in the outer limiting ring of each layer, and the ends of the dredging steel bar are fixed in the outer limiting rings of the uppermost adjusting module and the lowermost adjusting module by anchors, the hoop reinforcement ring of the uppermost adjusting module is connected to the top plate, and the hoop reinforcement ring of the lowermost adjusting module is connected to the bottom plate, and the connecting steel sheet of the uppermost adjusting module is provided with a handle for adjusting the size of the top plate entrance to control the size of the rock entering the device.

[0006] Furthermore, the inner wall of the top fixing ring is connected to the outer end of the connecting square tube, the inner end of each connecting square tube is connected to the central limiting ring, and the civil air defense fan blades can be movably installed on the connecting square tube.

[0007] The civil air defense fan blades are connected to the connecting square tube via buckles.

[0008] The connection module consists of an upper vertical steel bar, a sleeve and a lower vertical steel bar. The upper vertical steel bar is connected to the lower end of the stirrup ring of the adjacent upper adjustment module. The upper vertical steel bar is connected to the lower vertical steel bar through the sleeve. The lower vertical steel bar is connected to the upper end of the stirrup ring of the adjacent lower adjustment module.

[0009] Preferably, the top plate and the bottom plate have symmetrically arranged fixing holes, and a hanging ring is provided on the top plate.

[0010] An operating method of an adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device for controlling the size of rock slag in a deep and large ventilation shaft. Before blasting construction, open the lifting ring on the top plate. After the blasting of the face, use manual or mechanical means to discharge the rocks into the slag well. Large rocks will be excluded from the slag well. When the top surface of the device is higher than the mouth of the slag well, the rivets on the bottom plate can be unfastened to move the device down. The top of the device always maintains the same height as the mouth of the slag well. After the bottom plate is released, remove a layer of adjustment modules, and finally install the bottom plate and fix it with rivets. If a slag well is blocked, unfasten the anchors of the top and bottom plates of the device, and remove the stones inside the blockage by plugging and pulling out the dredging steel bars to achieve the purpose of unblocking the blockage. If the blockage is still difficult to clear, the device can be used as a dredging platform to manually clear the blockage.

[0011] Furthermore, the installation process of the adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device for controlling the rock slag block size in the deep and large ventilation shaft is as follows: after the slag shaft is drilled through, the anti-blocking and dredging device is assembled in the bottom tunnel of the slag shaft, and the assembled anti-blocking and dredging device is lifted to the pre-blasting position of the shaft construction face by using the shaft construction lifting system, and then the top plate and bottom plate of the device are installed, and the device is fixed in the shaft by rivets, and then the dredging steel bars are inserted into the corresponding circular rings of each layer, and finally the dredging steel bars are fixed by anchors.

[0012] In the present invention, a prefabricated assembly form is adopted, and the fixed transportation module, the adjustment module, the connection module and the dredging module are assembled. The fixed transport module includes a top fixed plate (top plate) and a bottom fixed ring (bottom plate), wherein the fixed ring has symmetrically arranged fixing holes and a top lifting ring; the adjustment module is composed of a hoop ring, a limit ring, and a connecting steel sheet, wherein the limit rings are evenly distributed inside the hoop ring and connected to each other through the connecting steel sheet, and the size of the top plate entrance can be adjusted by a handle to control the size of the rock entering the device; the top plate is welded by a fixed transport module and an adjustment module; the bottom plate is welded by a fixed transport module and a connecting module; the connecting module is composed of a hoop ring, a limit ring, and connecting steel bars, wherein the limit rings are evenly distributed inside the hoop ring and connected to each other through the connecting steel bars; the dredging device is a dredging steel bar inserted into a small steel bar ring at a corresponding position of each layer, and the ends of the dredging steel bar are fixed to the top and bottom of the device by anchors, and while ensuring the stability of the device, the blockage body can be dredged by plugging and pulling out the limit steel bars; the connecting module is composed of an upper vertical steel bar, a sleeve, and a lower vertical steel bar, and is used for interconnecting and assembling anti-blocking modules.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in: 1. This device is a cylindrical anti-blocking and dredging device. By controlling the number and spacing of civil air defense blades, the size of the slag inlet can be adjusted, and the size of the rock slag entering the device can be controlled to be 1 / 6-1 / 3 of the diameter of the slag well, so as to prevent large rocks from entering the slag well. For different strata, the size of the rock slag can also be further controlled. 2. During the slag sluice operation, the device can also be used to protect construction personnel from falling into the slag well, thus playing a role in protecting construction personnel; 3. This device runs through the interior of the slag well, and the hoop rings of each layer provide a flexible wall protection to prevent the rock blocks after the collapse of the slag well wall from blocking the slag well; 4. If the slag well is blocked, the blockage can be quickly cleared by inserting and pulling out the limiting steel bars to prevent delays in the construction period and save construction costs; 5. This device can be used as an operating platform for exploring the slag well wall and clearing blockages, and can be used to observe the status of the slag well or further clear blockages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device for controlling the size of rock slag in deep and large ventilation shafts.

[0015] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view of the .

[0016] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the connection module.

[0017] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the device base.

[0018] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the top plate of the device.

[0019] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram after opening the adjustment device.

[0020] In the figure, 1 is the clearing steel bar, 2 is the lifting ring, 3 is the limiting ring, 4 is the handle, 5 is the connecting square tube, 6 is the fixing ring, 7 is the fixing hole, 8 is the civil defense blade, 9 is the fixing anchor, 10 is the hoop ring, 11 is the connecting steel bar, 12 is the buckle, 13 is the vertical supporting steel bar, 14 is the sleeve, 15 is the top plate, and 16 is the bottom plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Reference Figure 1 to Figure 6 , an adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device for controlling the size of rock slag in a deep and large ventilation shaft, comprising a fixed transportation module, an adjusting module, a connecting module and a dredging module, wherein the fixed transportation module comprises a top plate and a bottom plate, the top plate being a top fixing ring, and the bottom plate being a bottom fixing ring; the adjusting module comprises a hoop reinforcement ring, an outer limiting ring, a center limiting ring and a connecting steel sheet, the outer limiting ring being evenly distributed inside the hoop reinforcement ring and connected to the center limiting ring through a connecting steel sheet; the adjusting modules are arranged in layers up and down, and adjacent adjusting modules are connected through connecting modules, the dredging modules are dredging steel bars inserted in the outer limiting rings of each layer, and the ends of the dredging steel bars are fixed in the outer limiting rings of the uppermost adjusting module and the lowermost adjusting module by anchors, the hoop reinforcement ring of the uppermost adjusting module is connected to the top plate, the hoop reinforcement ring of the lowermost adjusting module is connected to the bottom plate, and the connecting steel sheet of the uppermost adjusting module is provided with a handle for adjusting the size of the top plate entrance to control the size of the rock entering the device.

[0023] Furthermore, the inner wall of the top fixing ring is connected to the outer end of the connecting square tube, the inner end of each connecting square tube is connected to the central limiting ring, and the civil air defense fan blades can be movably installed on the connecting square tube.

[0024] The civil air defense fan blades are connected to the connecting square tube via buckles.

[0025] The connection module consists of an upper connection steel bar, a sleeve and a lower connection steel bar. The upper connection steel bar is connected to the lower end of the hoop ring of the adjacent upper adjustment module. The upper connection steel bar is connected to the lower connection steel bar through the sleeve. The lower connection steel bar is connected to the upper end of the hoop ring of the adjacent lower adjustment module.

[0026] Preferably, the top plate and the bottom plate have symmetrically arranged fixing holes, and a hanging ring is provided on the top plate.

[0027] In the installation phase of this embodiment, first follow Figure 3 The arrangement of the middle adjustment module is that the hoop ring 10, the connecting steel bar 11 and the limit ring 3 are connected to each other by welding. The number of anti-blocking modules is the height of the slag chute divided by 2m. The anti-blocking modules are connected to each other through the vertical supporting steel bars 13, the sleeve 14 and the lower vertical steel bars to form an anti-blocking device. When connected, each limit ring 3 needs to correspond to each other in the vertical position. The number of connecting steel bars in each layer is the same as the number of limit rings 3, and the distance between the anti-blocking modules is 2m. The prefabricated anti-blocking module is transported to the bottom of the slag shaft for installation, and then a lifting device is constructed at the top of the shaft. The assembled anti-blocking device is lifted from the bottom tunnel to the top of the slag shaft by using a rope through the lifting ring 2. The top plate 15 is connected to the assembled anti-blocking device by welding vertical support steel bars 13 at the top of the slag shaft, and the welding point is located at the intersection of each limit ring 3 and the hoop ring 10. The welded device is placed on the slag shaft, and the device is fixed to the slag shaft by rivets through the fixing holes 7. The ropes are released, and the bottom plate 16 is installed. The installation method is the same as that of the top plate 15. The bottom plate is also fixed to the surrounding rock of the slag outlet at the bottom of the slag shaft by rivets through the fixing holes 7. The dredging steel bar 1 is inserted from the top of the device to the bottom of the device along the limit ring 3, and then fixed to the device through the fixing anchor 9. At this point, the device installation is completed.

[0028] An operating method of an adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device for controlling the size of rock slag in a deep and large ventilation shaft. Before blasting construction, open the lifting ring on the top plate. After the blasting of the face, use manual or mechanical means to discharge the rocks into the slag chute. Large rocks will be excluded from the slag chute. When the top surface of the device is higher than the slag chute opening, the device can be moved down by undoing the rivets on the bottom plate. The top of the device always maintains the same height as the slag chute opening. After the bottom plate is released, remove a layer of adjustment modules, and finally install the bottom plate and fix it with rivets. If a slag chute is blocked, undo the anchors of the top and bottom plates of the device, and remove the stones inside the blockage by plugging and pulling out the dredging steel bars to achieve the purpose of unblocking the blockage. If the blockage is still difficult to dredge, the device can be used as a dredging platform to manually clear the blockage.

[0029] Furthermore, the installation process of the adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device for controlling the rock slag block size of the large ventilation shaft is as follows: after the slag shaft is drilled through, the anti-blocking and dredging device is assembled in the bottom tunnel of the slag shaft, and the assembled anti-blocking and dredging device is lifted to the pre-blasting position of the shaft construction face by using the shaft construction lifting system, and then the top plate and bottom plate of the device are installed, and the device is fixed in the shaft by rivets, and then the dredging steel bars are inserted into the corresponding circular rings of each layer, and finally the dredging steel bars are fixed by anchors.

[0030] This embodiment enters the use stage of the device after the vertical shaft is blasted and excavated. After blasting and excavation, the device will be higher than the face. At this time, the rivets anchored in the bottom plate fixing holes 7 are released, and the top surface of the anti-blocking device is lowered to the same elevation as the top surface of the slag chute through the top construction lifting device. The bottom plate 16 is fixed, and the slag chute operation is then carried out. During the slag chute process, if the slag chute is blocked, the anchors 9 on the top and bottom surfaces of the device are released, and the blocked rock slag is cleared by pulling out and dredging the steel bars 1. After the dredging is completed, the anchors 9 are used to re-fix the steel bars 1 in the limiting ring 3, and the operation is carried out in this way until the slag discharge operation is completed. After the slag discharge operation is completed, the civil air defense blades 8 are opened by moving the 12 handles 4 on the connecting square tube 5 into the corresponding buckles 12 to form a slag chute. Figure 3 The protective surface shown ensures the safety of construction workers.

Claims

1. An adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device for controlling the size of rock slag in deep and large ventilation shafts, characterized in that: The device comprises a fixed transport module, an adjustment module, a connection module and a dredging module, wherein the fixed transport module comprises a top plate and a bottom plate, wherein the top plate is a top fixing ring, and the bottom plate is a bottom fixing ring; the adjustment module comprises a hoop reinforcement ring, an outer limiting ring, a central limiting ring and a connecting steel sheet, wherein the outer limiting ring is evenly distributed inside the hoop reinforcement ring and is connected to the central limiting ring through a connecting steel sheet; the adjustment modules are arranged in layers up and down, and adjacent adjustment modules are connected through a connection module, wherein the dredging module is a dredging steel bar inserted in the outer limiting ring of each layer, and the ends of the dredging steel bar are fixed in the outer limiting rings of the uppermost adjustment module and the lowermost adjustment module by anchors, the hoop reinforcement ring of the uppermost adjustment module is connected to the top plate, the hoop reinforcement ring of the lowermost adjustment module is connected to the bottom plate, and the connecting steel sheet of the uppermost adjustment module is provided with a handle for adjusting the size of the top plate entrance to control the size of the rock entering the device; The connection module is composed of an upper vertical steel bar, a sleeve and a lower vertical steel bar. The upper vertical steel bar is connected to the lower end of the stirrup ring of the adjacent upper adjustment module. The upper vertical steel bar is connected to the lower vertical steel bar through the sleeve. The lower vertical steel bar is connected to the upper end of the stirrup ring of the adjacent lower adjustment module. The top plate and the bottom plate have symmetrically arranged fixing holes, and the top plate is provided with a hanging ring.

2. The adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device for controlling the rock slag block size in a deep and large ventilation shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inner wall of the top fixing ring is connected to the outer end of the connecting square tube, the inner end of each connecting square tube is connected to the central limiting ring, and the civil air defense fan blades are movably installed on the connecting square tube.

3. The adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device for controlling the rock slag block size in a deep and large ventilation shaft according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The civil air defense fan blades are connected to the connecting square tube via buckles.

4. An operating method of the adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device for controlling the rock slag block size in a deep and large ventilation shaft as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Before blasting construction, open the lifting ring on the top plate. After the blasting of the face, use manual or mechanical means to discharge the rocks into the slag chute. Large rocks will be excluded from the slag chute. When the top surface of the device is higher than the slag chute mouth, the device is moved down by undoing the rivets on the bottom plate. The top of the device always remains at the same height as the slag chute mouth. After the bottom plate is released, remove a layer of adjustment modules, and finally install the bottom plate and fix it with rivets. In case of blockage in the slag chute, undo the anchors of the top and bottom plates of the device, and move the stones inside the blockage by inserting and pulling out the dredging steel bars to achieve the purpose of unblocking the blockage. If the blockage is still difficult to dredge, this device is used as a dredging platform to manually clear the blockage.

5. The operating method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The installation process of the adjustable anti-blocking and dredging device for controlling the rock slag block size in the deep and large ventilation shaft is as follows: after the slag shaft is drilled through, the anti-blocking and dredging device is assembled in the tunnel at the bottom of the slag shaft, and the assembled anti-blocking and dredging device is lifted to the pre-blasting position of the shaft construction face by using the shaft construction lifting system, and then the top plate and bottom plate of the device are installed, and the device is fixed in the shaft by rivets, and then the dredging steel bars are inserted into the corresponding outer limit rings of each layer, and finally the dredging steel bars are fixed by anchors.

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