A safe and continuous crushing device for waste power batteries without discharge

Abstract

The present invention discloses a safe, discharge-free continuous crushing device for waste power batteries, including a crushing bin, a feeding mechanism is provided at the top of the crushing bin, the feeding mechanism includes a feeding hopper and a feeding pipe, and a heavy hammer flap valve is provided between the feeding hopper and the feeding pipe; a crushing mechanism is provided in the crushing bin, and the crushing mechanism can crush the battery material added from the feeding pipe; a discharge port is provided below the bottom of the crushing bin, and a discharge valve is provided on the discharge port; a discharge screw is provided at the bottom of the crushing bin, and the discharge screw can transport the crushed materials to the discharge port in a centralized manner; a liquid inlet and an air induced draft port are provided at the top of the crushing bin, and the exhaust induced draft fan works so that the crushing bin is always in a slightly negative pressure state; a sight glass is provided on the bin body of the crushing bin. The equipment of the present invention can realize safe, environmentally friendly, discharge-free, continuous and reliable operation, and has high production efficiency, and at the same time, the water vapor generated by the crushing discharge conversion can be reasonably and effectively utilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of recycling and reusing waste power batteries, and more specifically to a safe discharge-free continuous crushing device for waste power batteries. Background Art

[0002] Used batteries that cannot be recycled have a certain amount of power, such as 18650 cylindrical batteries with a voltage of 3.0V to 4.2V, which have a remaining power of about 200mA.h to 2200mA.h, and a 1kg soft-pack battery has a remaining power of about 1100mA.h to 42000mA.h. In order to prevent the safety problems caused by short circuits caused by broken used batteries and the difficulty in effectively withdrawing them due to instantaneous discharge and heat, at present, the recycling of used power batteries that cannot be recycled or have exhausted their service life almost all adopts the method of chemically discharging the batteries by immersing them in salt water, then mechanically crushing them, and then smelting and reducing them through chemical methods such as pyrolysis, acid dissolution, leaching, and extraction to recycle the high-value metal materials in the batteries.

[0003] Discharging by soaking in salt water is the first step in the recycling and reuse of waste power batteries. This method occupies a large area, has a poor working environment, a long discharge time, and low production efficiency. In addition, it is not possible to completely discharge all batteries during the production process. The wastewater, waste gas, and dust generated during the discharge process are difficult to be discharged in an organized manner, which pollutes the on-site environment. The remaining power of an incompletely discharged battery will short-circuit and discharge during the battery crushing process, generating high heat instantly, making it difficult to remove quickly and prone to fire accidents, posing a great safety hazard.

[0004] Therefore, the technical issues such as safety, environmental protection and efficiency in the battery discharge and crushing process faced by the recycling of power batteries are key technologies that need to be solved at present. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to overcome the current problems of waste power battery discharge and crushing technology, such as the discharge cannot be completely thorough and the crushing has the potential safety hazard of fire, the present invention proposes a safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing device, which can directly crush the recycled waste power batteries without the need for discharge operation, and is a safe, environmentally friendly and energy-saving continuous crushing device for recycling waste power batteries. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

[0006] A safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing device comprises a crushing bin, a feeding mechanism is arranged at the top of the crushing bin, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding hopper located at the top and a feeding pipe connected with the bottom end of the feeding hopper, the feeding pipe is fixed to the top of the crushing bin and connected with the inner cavity of the crushing bin, a heavy hammer flap valve is arranged between the feeding hopper and the feeding pipe; a crushing mechanism is arranged on the crushing bin, a knife roller in the crushing mechanism extends into the inner cavity of the crushing bin and is arranged horizontally in the crushing bin, and the knife roller can crush the battery material added from the feeding pipe The crushing bin is provided with a discharge port at the bottom, and a discharge valve is provided on the discharge port; a discharge spiral is provided at the bottom of the crushing bin, and a spiral structure in the discharge spiral extends into the inner cavity of the crushing bin and is transversely arranged in the crushing bin, and the spiral structure can transport the crushed materials to the discharge port in a centralized manner; a liquid inlet and an air induced port are provided at the upper part of the crushing bin, and the air induced port is connected to the exhaust gas induced draft fan and the exhaust gas treatment system in sequence, and the exhaust gas induced draft fan works so that the crushing bin is always in a state of slight negative pressure; a sight glass for observing the inner cavity condition is provided on the bin body of the crushing bin.

[0007] When the equipment of the present invention is working, the waste power battery does not need to be discharged, and the waste power battery is directly fed into the crushing bin through the feed hopper, sealed and isolated from the air by a heavy hammer flap valve, and fed into the crushing bin through the feed pipe; the present invention also injects water or other liquids into the crushing bin through the liquid inlet at the same time, and the crushing bin is filled with water of a certain liquid level, so that the crushing mechanism of the equipment is immersed in water when it is working, and the battery is crushed in the water, and the heat capacity of water and water vaporization is used to absorb the heat released at a high speed in the moment of short-circuit discharge when the discharge-free battery is crushed, so as to avoid the safety hazard of fire caused by the high-speed heat release of the residual power of the battery due to discharge; the water vapor generated by the discharge heat is drawn out by the exhaust gas induced draft fan through the air inlet of the crushing bin, and the crushing bin is also in a slightly negative pressure state, so that the crushing mechanism is operated at a slightly negative pressure, so that there is no dust leakage problem during the battery crushing process; the water vapor generated by the discharge heat and the air leaked into the feed are discharged through the air inlet of the crushing bin, and no gas will escape, and finally they are recovered and processed by the exhaust gas treatment system, so that the entire equipment production site is clean and environmentally friendly.

[0008] Preferably, the feed hopper is a conical feed hopper or a rectangular cone feed hopper for convenient feeding.

[0009] Preferably, the crushing mechanism is a double-axis knife roller structure, a three-axis knife roller structure or a four-axis knife roller structure, which completes the shearing and tearing crushing of the battery.

[0010] Preferably, the discharge port is located at the bottom of the crushing bin; the spiral blades on both sides of the spiral structure are in opposite directions, and the position where the two spiral blades meet is just above the discharge port, so that all the crushed materials on both sides can be transported to the middle discharge port, and then relayed by the discharge valve to be discharged from the crushing bin.

[0011] Preferably, the unloading screw is a shafted screw or a shaftless screw.

[0012] Preferably, the discharge valve is a rotary valve.

[0013] The discharge valve of the present invention adopts a rotary valve, which realizes smooth liquid and solid discharge and effectively isolates the inner cavity of the crushing bin from the outside world, ensuring that the crushing mechanism works in a slightly negative pressure state, so that there is no dust escape problem during the battery crushing process, and the production site environment is clean.

[0014] Preferably, a row of spray mechanisms is also transversely provided at the upper portion of the inner cavity of the crushing bin, and the inlet of the spray mechanism is connected to the liquid inlet.

[0015] The crushing mechanism in the present invention may not be immersed in water, and the heat can be removed by spraying with the help of a spraying mechanism.

[0016] Preferably, a liquid level measuring device is further provided in the crushing bin, and the liquid level measuring device can be connected to an external control device to realize automatic control of the liquid level in the crushing bin.

[0017] Preferably, a pressure monitoring device is provided at the air induced port; and a motor frequency converter is provided on the exhaust gas induced draft fan to adjust the fan speed.

[0018] By using the pressure monitoring device and the motor frequency converter to change the motor speed, the exhaust fan air volume can be adjusted to ensure that the crushing chamber can always be in a slightly negative pressure working state.

[0019] Preferably, a condensation system is also provided between the air induced port and the exhaust gas induced draft fan, the condensation system includes a primary heat exchange device and a secondary heat exchange device, the air induced port is connected to the primary heat exchange device, and the primary heat exchange device is connected to the secondary heat exchange device; the air outlet pipeline of the secondary heat exchange device passes through the primary heat exchange device, and is heated by the heat generated by the heat exchange in the primary heat exchange device, and then connected to the exhaust gas induced draft fan; the steam condensate generated in the primary heat exchange device and the secondary heat exchange device flows back to the crushing bin through the pipeline, and the heat generated by the heat exchange in the secondary heat exchange device is recovered by the recovery device.

[0020] Compared with the existing equipment, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. Used power batteries do not need to be discharged and can be directly crushed, which eliminates the discharge process of used power batteries, shortens the recycling process, solves the problems of large floor space, poor working environment, long discharge time, and low production efficiency in the salt water immersion discharge process, improves production efficiency, and avoids environmental pollution caused by the unorganized emission of wastewater, waste gas, and dust during the discharge operation.

[0022] 2. The battery is crushed underwater, which solves the problem that the heat of the residual power in the battery is difficult to remove quickly, and avoids the resulting safety hazards such as fire caused by battery crushing.

[0023] 3. The remaining electricity in the used batteries is converted into water vapor through crushing and discharge, which is then recycled and reused, thus realizing the conversion of low-grade energy into high-grade energy and making reasonable and effective use of it.

[0024] 4. The crushing mechanism operates under a slightly negative pressure state. There is no gas or dust leakage during the battery crushing process, and the production site environment is clean. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a front view of the device in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a side view of the device in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a top view of the device in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a front view of the device in the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a working schematic diagram of the device of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the heat recovery system of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: 1-crushing bin, 2-feed hopper, 3-feed pipe, 4-weight hammer flap valve, 5-crushing mechanism, 6-discharge valve, 7-discharge screw, 8-liquid inlet, 9-air induced vent, 10-exhaust draft fan, 11-exhaust treatment system, 12-sight mirror, 13-spray mechanism, 14-pressure monitoring device, 15-motor inverter, 16-primary heat exchange equipment, 17-secondary heat exchange equipment, 18-recovery equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the present invention is a safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing device, comprising a crushing bin 1, a feeding mechanism is provided at the top of the crushing bin 1, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding hopper 2 located at the top, and a feeding pipe 3 connected to the bottom of the feeding hopper 2, the feeding hopper 2 is a conical feeding hopper or a rectangular cone feeding hopper for convenient feeding, the feeding pipe 3 is fixed to the top of the crushing bin 1 and is connected to the inner cavity of the crushing bin 1, and a heavy hammer flap valve 4 for sealing and air isolation is provided between the feeding hopper 2 and the feeding pipe 3. The recycled waste power batteries are directly added to the feeding hopper 2, sealed and air-isolated by the heavy hammer flap valve 4, and then added to the crushing bin 1 through the feeding pipe 3.

[0036] A crushing mechanism 5 is provided on the crushing bin 1 . A knife roller in the crushing mechanism 5 extends into the inner cavity of the crushing bin 1 and is transversely arranged in the crushing bin 1 . The knife roller can crush the battery material added from the feed pipe 3 .

[0037] Furthermore, the crushing mechanism 5 is a double-axis knife roller structure, a three-axis knife roller structure, a four-axis knife roller structure or a knife roller structure with more axes to ensure the shearing, tearing and crushing of the battery.

[0038] A discharge port is provided at the bottom of the crushing bin 1, and a discharge valve 6 is provided on the discharge port. The discharge valve 6 is preferably a rotary valve, which is a conventional rotary valve structure, also known as a star discharger, a fan shutoff, an air locker, a rotary feeder, etc. It is composed of a rotor with several blades, a housing, a seal, a motor, a reducer, etc. When the rotor rotates in a cylindrical casing (in this embodiment, the casing corresponding to the discharge port), the material in the equipment falls into the space between the blades by its own weight, and is discharged with the rotation of the rotor to the lower material. The seal arranged on the top of the blade is in close contact with the cavity, so that the upper and lower cavities are isolated, realizing the air locking function.

[0039] The discharge valve 6 in this embodiment adopts a rotary valve, which not only realizes smooth discharge of liquid and solid, but also effectively isolates the inner cavity of the crushing bin 1 from the outside world, ensuring that the crushing mechanism 5 works in a slightly negative pressure state, so that there is no dust escape during the battery crushing process, and the production site environment is clean.

[0040] A discharge screw 7 is provided at the bottom of the crushing bin 1. The spiral structure of the discharge screw 7 extends into the inner cavity of the crushing bin 1 and is transversely arranged in the crushing bin 1. The spiral structure can centrally transport the crushed materials to the discharge port.

[0041] Specifically, the discharge port is located at any position at the bottom of the crushing bin 1; the spiral blades on both sides of the spiral structure are in opposite directions, and the position where the two spiral blades meet is just above the discharge port. The motor drives the two spiral blades to rotate, so that all the crushed battery materials on both sides can be transported to the discharge port in the middle, and then discharged from the crushing bin 1 through the discharge valve 6.

[0042] At the same time, the unloading screw 7 in this embodiment can be a shaft screw or a shaftless screw, as long as it can play the role of conveying and unloading.

[0043] A liquid inlet 8 and an air inlet 9 are provided on the upper part of the crushing chamber 1. The air inlet 9 is connected to an exhaust gas induced draft fan 10 and an exhaust gas treatment system 11 in sequence. When the exhaust gas induced draft fan 10 works, the crushing chamber 1 is always in a slightly negative pressure state.

[0044] Specifically, the liquid inlet 8 is used to inject water into the crushing chamber 1 and replenish water at any time to ensure that the liquid level in the crushing chamber 1 can allow the crushing mechanism 5 to be immersed, so as to achieve underwater crushing of battery materials. The exhaust induced draft fan 10 can not only lead out the water vapor generated in the crushing chamber 1 for recycling, but also allow the crushing mechanism 5 to work in a slightly negative pressure state, so that there is no dust leakage during the battery crushing process, and the production site environment is clean.

[0045] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, a pressure monitoring device 14 with an alarm function is also provided at the air inlet 9. At the same time, a motor frequency converter 15 is provided on the exhaust gas draft fan 10 to adjust the fan speed. By means of the pressure monitoring device 14, the motor power supply frequency is automatically changed through the frequency converter, and the speed of the exhaust gas draft fan 10 is continuously adjusted, so as to ensure that the crushing chamber 1 can always be in a slightly negative pressure working state. Figure 5 The medium raw material enters the crushing bin 1 from A, the initial water and supplementary water enter from B, the crushed material flows to the subsequent process at C, and the extracted steam flows to the tail gas treatment system 11 at D.

[0046] The crushing chamber 1 is provided with a sight glass 12 for observing the inner cavity. The staff can directly observe the liquid level in the crushing chamber 1 through the sight glass 12, and replenish and adjust the water inlet through the liquid inlet 8. Furthermore, a liquid level measuring device can be provided in the crushing chamber 1, so that the water level in the crushing chamber 1 can also be adjusted and controlled by means of an automatic instrument.

[0047] In order to further optimize the technical solution of this embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, the device is also provided with a condensation system between the air inlet 9 and the exhaust draft fan 10, and the condensation system includes a primary heat exchange device 16 and a secondary heat exchange device 17. The air inlet 9 of the crushing bin 1 is connected to the primary heat exchange device 16, and the primary heat exchange device 16 is connected to the secondary heat exchange device 17; the air outlet pipeline of the secondary heat exchange device 17 passes through the primary heat exchange device 16, and is heated by the heat generated by the heat exchange of the primary heat exchange device 16, and then connected to the exhaust draft fan 10; the steam condensate generated in the primary heat exchange device 16 and the secondary heat exchange device 17 flows back to the crushing bin 1 through the pipeline, and the heat generated by the heat exchange in the secondary heat exchange device 17 is recovered by the recovery device 18.

[0048] The water vapor generated by the heat converted by discharge is centrally led out through the air inlet 9 of the crushing chamber 1, and the condensation system can recover the moisture in the water vapor through the primary and secondary condensation of the primary heat exchange device 16 and the secondary heat exchange device 17 to the crushing chamber 1. At the same time, the condensation system can make full use of the heat generated by the exchange in the primary heat exchange device 16 to heat the saturated non-condensable gas flowing out of the secondary heat exchange device 17, so that the saturated non-condensable gas changes from a saturated state to a suitable unsaturated state (i.e., no condensed water is formed), and then transport it to the exhaust gas treatment system 11, which can avoid damage to the transportation pipeline caused by water mist and gas condensation. In addition, the heat generated by heat exchange in the secondary heat exchange device 17 can also be recycled and reused by the recovery device 18. Therefore, the setting of the condensation system in the present invention makes more reasonable and effective use of the steam heat generated by the discharge of the residual power of the battery.

[0049] The equipment of the present invention adopts direct underwater crushing of waste batteries, eliminating the discharge process, which can save a lot of floor space for the discharge process, avoid the safety hazard of easy fire caused by crushing in the prior art and the problem of unorganized emission of waste gas, waste liquid and dust generated in the discharge process; the crushing mechanism 5 operates with a slight negative pressure, there is no problem of gas and dust escaping, and the production site environment is clean. Therefore, the equipment of the present invention can achieve safe, environmentally friendly, discharge-free, continuous and reliable operation with high production efficiency.

[0050] The device of the present invention also utilizes underwater crushing discharge to convert the residual power in the waste battery into steam, so that low-grade energy is reasonably and effectively utilized. Specifically, it is estimated that the residual power of a 18650 cylindrical battery with a voltage of 3.0V to 4.2V is about 200mA.h to 2200mA.h. The complete conversion during the discharge process can release 500cal to 8000cal of heat. With this heat, water at 25°C can be heated and vaporized to generate about 1.4L to 22.0L of 100°C water vapor.

[0051] Embodiment 2:

[0052] The structure of a safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing device in this embodiment is basically the same as that in the first embodiment, the only difference is that in this embodiment, a row of spray mechanisms 13 are horizontally arranged on the upper part of the inner cavity of the crushing bin 1, and the inlet of the spray mechanism 13 is connected to the liquid inlet 8. When working, the device in this embodiment no longer immerses the crushing mechanism 5 in water, but adopts a liquid spraying method to take away the heat released by the battery discharge, which can also achieve the same effect as the first embodiment.

[0053] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a crushing bin (1), wherein a feeding mechanism is arranged at the top of the crushing bin (1), wherein the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding hopper (2) located at the top and a feeding pipe (3) connected to the bottom of the feeding hopper (2), wherein the feeding pipe (3) is fixed to the top of the crushing bin (1) and is connected to the inner cavity of the crushing bin (1), and a heavy hammer flap valve (4) is arranged between the feeding hopper (2) and the feeding pipe (3); a crushing mechanism (5) is arranged on the crushing bin (1), and a knife roller in the crushing mechanism (5) extends into the inner cavity of the crushing bin (1). , and is transversely arranged in the crushing bin (1), the knife roller can crush the battery material added from the feed pipe (3); a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the crushing bin (1), and a discharge valve (6) is provided on the discharge port; a discharge screw (7) is provided at the bottom of the crushing bin (1), the spiral structure of the discharge screw (7) extends into the inner cavity of the crushing bin (1), and is transversely arranged in the crushing bin (1), and the spiral structure can centrally transport the crushed materials to the discharge port; a liquid inlet is provided at the top of the crushing bin (1) (8) and an air inlet (9), the air inlet (9) being connected in sequence to an exhaust induced draft fan (10) and an exhaust treatment system (11), the exhaust induced draft fan (10) working so that the crushing chamber (1) is always in a slightly negative pressure state; a sight glass (12) for observing the inner cavity condition is provided on the chamber body of the crushing chamber (1); a condensation system is also provided between the air inlet (9) and the exhaust induced draft fan (10), the condensation system comprising a primary heat exchange device (16) and a secondary heat exchange device (17), the air inlet (9) being connected to the primary heat exchange device (16) The first-level heat exchange device (16) is connected to the second-level heat exchange device (17); the air outlet pipeline of the second-level heat exchange device (17) passes through the first-level heat exchange device (16), and is heated by the heat generated by the first-level heat exchange device (16) through heat exchange, and then connected to the exhaust gas induced draft fan (10); the steam condensate generated in the first-level heat exchange device (16) and the second-level heat exchange device (17) flows back to the crushing chamber (1) through the pipeline, and the heat generated by heat exchange in the second-level heat exchange device (17) is recovered by the recovery device (18).

2. A safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed hopper (2) is a conical feed hopper or a rectangular cone feed hopper.

3. A safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing mechanism (5) is a double-axis knife roller structure, a three-axis knife roller structure or a four-axis knife roller structure.

4. A safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge port is located at the bottom of the crushing bin (1); the spiral blades on both sides of the spiral structure are in opposite directions, and the position where the two spiral blades meet is just above the discharge port.

5. A safe discharge-free continuous crushing device for waste power batteries according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The unloading screw (7) is a shafted screw or a shaftless screw.

6. A safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge valve (6) is a rotary valve.

7. A safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A row of spray mechanisms (13) is also transversely arranged at the upper part of the inner cavity of the crushing bin (1), and the inlet of the spray mechanism (13) is connected to the liquid inlet (8).

8. A safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A liquid level measuring device is also provided in the crushing bin (1).

9. A safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet (9) is provided with a pressure monitoring device (14); the exhaust gas induced draft fan (10) is provided with a motor frequency converter (15) for adjusting the fan speed.

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