A method, device, equipment and storage medium for measuring cutting resistance in turning

Abstract

The embodiments of the present invention provide a method, device, equipment and storage medium for measuring cutting resistance in turning, and relate to the field of mechanical processing monitoring technology. Among them, this measurement method includes steps S1 to S3. S1. Acquire the first monitoring data of the strain sensor. S2. According to the first monitoring data, based on the first relationship model between the monitoring data and the strain, acquire the tool bar strain data. S3. According to the tool bar strain data, based on the second relationship model between the tool bar strain data and the cutting resistance, acquire the monitoring cutting resistance of the turning tool. The present invention can obtain a relatively accurate cutting resistance (i.e., cutting force) through a simple structure to provide data reference for the control of the lathe, and has great practical significance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical processing monitoring, and in particular to a method, device, equipment and storage medium for measuring cutting resistance in turning. Background Art

[0002] A turning tool is a tool with a cutting part used for turning. During the turning process, the magnitude of the cutting force will affect the cutting heat, cutting vibration, tool wear, and the machining accuracy and surface quality of the workpiece.

[0003] Therefore, the balance and optimization of cutting force are important factors to be considered in machine tool design. The acquisition of cutting force during machining is of great significance for optimizing machining process parameters and improving machining quality.

[0004] In the process of testing, optimizing and improving machine tools, the measurement of cutting force is very important. At present, in the monitoring research of cutting process, commercial dynamometers are mostly used. The equipment is complex, large in size, difficult to install, and affects the characteristics of the machine tool itself, which has a negative impact on the structure of the machine tool itself. When measuring the turning force, the dynamometer fixture is used to install the dynamometer on the lathe tool holder, and then the tool is installed on the measuring instrument. However, in actual measurement research, it is found that the installation of the dynamometer is usually restricted by the machine tool structure, fixture, space, etc., and the versatility is poor. In addition, the price of the dynamometer is high, which makes the cost of cutting force measurement high.

[0005] In view of this, the applicant filed this application after studying the existing technology. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a method, device, equipment and storage medium for measuring cutting resistance in turning, so as to improve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0007] First,

[0008] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring cutting resistance during turning, which comprises steps S1 to S3.

[0009] S1. Acquire first monitoring data of a strain sensor.

[0010] S2. Acquire tool bar strain data according to the first monitoring data and based on a first relationship model between the monitoring data and strain.

[0011] S3. According to the tool bar strain data, based on a second relationship model between the tool bar strain data and the cutting resistance, the monitoring cutting resistance of the turning tool is obtained.

[0012] In some embodiments, the method for measuring cutting resistance during turning further includes step S4.

[0013] S4. According to the monitored cutting resistance, based on a third relationship model between the monitored cutting resistance and the actual cutting resistance, the actual cutting resistance of the turning tool is obtained.

[0014] In some embodiments, the third relationship model is , where For real knife resistance, coefficient, To monitor the cutting resistance.

[0015] In some embodiments, the third relationship model is obtained according to steps A1 to A3:

[0016] A1. Obtain the second monitoring data set monitored by the strain sensor and the first cutting resistance set monitored by the dynamometer at different cutting depths.

[0017] A2. Obtain a second cutting resistance set based on the second monitoring data set.

[0018] A3. According to the first cutting resistance set and the second cutting resistance set, the cutting resistances of the same cutting depth are respectively used as the horizontal and vertical coordinates for fitting to obtain the third relationship model.

[0019] In some embodiments, step S2 specifically includes steps S21 to S22.

[0020] S21. Acquire tool bar microstrain data according to the first monitoring data and based on a first relationship model between the monitoring data and strain.

[0021] S22, according to the micro-strain data of the tool bar, obtain the tool bar strain data. The tool bar strain data is equal to times the micro-strain data of the tool bar.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first relationship model is , where is the micro strain data of the tool bar, It is the voltage signal output by the strain sensor.

[0023] In some embodiments, the second relationship model is , In the formula, is the stress on the shank, is the elastic modulus of the shank, is the strain data of the tool bar, To resist the knife, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the shank.

[0024] Second,

[0025] The embodiment of the present invention provides a device for measuring cutting resistance in turning, which comprises:

[0026] The real-time data acquisition module is used to acquire the first monitoring data of the strain sensor.

[0027] The strain data acquisition module is used to acquire the tool bar strain data according to the first monitoring data and based on a first relationship model between the monitoring data and the strain.

[0028] The cutting resistance data module is used to obtain the monitoring cutting resistance of the turning tool according to the tool bar strain data and based on the second relationship model between the tool bar strain data and the cutting resistance.

[0029] In some embodiments, the device for measuring cutting force during turning further includes a correction module.

[0030] The correction module is used to obtain the actual cutting resistance of the turning tool according to the monitored cutting resistance and based on a third relationship model between the monitored cutting resistance and the actual cutting resistance.

[0031] In some embodiments, the strain data acquisition module includes:

[0032] The micro-strain acquisition unit is used to acquire the micro-strain data of the tool bar according to the first monitoring data and based on a first relationship model between the monitoring data and the strain.

[0033] The strain acquisition unit is used to acquire the tool bar strain data according to the tool bar micro-strain data. The tool bar strain data is equal to times the micro-strain data of the tool bar.

[0034] In some embodiments, the device for measuring cutting resistance during turning further comprises:

[0035] The first cutting resistance set acquisition module is used to acquire the second monitoring data set monitored by the strain sensor and the first cutting resistance set monitored by the dynamometer at different cutting depths.

[0036] The second knife-engagement resistance set acquisition module is used to acquire the second knife-engagement resistance set according to the second monitoring data set.

[0037] The fitting module is used to fit the cutting resistances of the same cutting depth as the horizontal and vertical coordinates according to the first cutting resistance set and the second cutting resistance set, so as to obtain a third relationship model.

[0038] Thirdly,

[0039] The embodiment of the present invention provides a device for measuring the cutting resistance during turning, which includes a strain sensor, a signal amplifying device electrically connected to the strain sensor, and a signal processing device electrically connected to the signal amplifying device. The strain sensor is configured to be configured on a tool bar of a turning tool to collect the strain of the turning tool during turning.

[0040] The signal processing device includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory. The computer program can be executed by the processor to implement the method for measuring cutting resistance in turning as described in any paragraph of the first aspect.

[0041] Fourthly,

[0042] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the method for measuring the cutting resistance in turning as described in any paragraph of the first aspect.

[0043] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:

[0044] The measuring method of the embodiment of the present invention can obtain relatively accurate cutting resistance (ie, cutting force) to provide data reference for the control of the lathe, and has great practical significance.

[0045] The strain sensor of the measuring device of the embodiment of the present invention is small in size and can be installed on the tool bar without being restricted by the machine tool structure, fixture, space, etc., and has good versatility. The method of the present invention can avoid the need to purchase expensive dynamometers, thus reducing costs.

[0046] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0048] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the method for measuring the cutting force in turning.

[0049] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the measured tool bar strain signal.

[0050] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of the measured cutting resistance calibration results.

[0051] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the measuring equipment of the cutting force in turning.

[0052] Figure 5 A top view of the tool bar with the strain sensor installed.

[0053] Figure 6 It is the schematic diagram of the device for measuring the cutting force in turning. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Embodiment 1:

[0056] See also Figures 1 to 3 The first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring cutting resistance in turning, which can be performed by a measuring device for measuring cutting resistance in turning (hereinafter referred to as: measuring device). In particular, it is performed by one or more processors in the measuring device to implement steps S1 to S3.

[0057] S1. Acquire first monitoring data of a strain sensor.

[0058] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, the first monitoring data is a charge signal output by the strain sensor according to the received strain magnitude.

[0059] S2. Acquire the tool bar strain data according to the first monitoring data and based on the first relationship model between the monitoring data and the strain. Based on the above embodiment, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, step S2 specifically includes steps S21 to S22.

[0060] S21. Acquire tool bar microstrain data according to the first monitoring data and based on a first relationship model between the monitoring data and strain.

[0061] Specifically, the first monitoring data is converted into a digital signal by a signal amplifying device and a signal collecting device. The microstrain of the tool bar is calculated based on the digital signal and the corresponding relationship between the charge and strain of the strain sensor. The strain sensor is calibrated with a sensitivity coefficient when it leaves the factory, and the corresponding relationship between the voltage and microstrain of the force sensor (i.e., the first relationship model) can be obtained based on the sensitivity coefficient. In this embodiment, the first relationship model is:

[0062]

[0063] In the formula, is the micro strain data of the tool bar, It is the voltage signal output by the strain sensor.

[0064] S22, according to the micro-strain data of the tool bar, obtain the tool bar strain data. The tool bar strain data is equal to times the micro-strain data of the tool bar.

[0065] Specifically, in reality, the value of strain is very small. Therefore, strain is often expressed as microstrain (µε). In this embodiment, microstrain needs to be expressed as Convert to strain , the specific conversion relationship is:

[0066]

[0067] S3, according to the tool bar strain data, based on the second relationship model between the tool bar strain data and the cutting resistance, obtain the monitoring cutting resistance of the turning tool. Based on the above embodiment, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the second relationship model is:

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] In the formula, is the stress on the shank, is the elastic modulus of the shank, is the strain data of the tool bar, To resist the knife, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the shank.

[0071] Specifically, the strain Substitute into the second relationship model to calculate the monitoring cutting resistance of the blade on the workpiece .

[0072] The measurement method of the embodiment of the present invention is implemented based on a relatively small strain sensor. Without being restricted by the machine tool structure, fixture, space, etc., and with good versatility and low price, it can obtain relatively accurate cutting resistance (i.e. cutting force) to provide data reference for lathe control, which has great practical significance.

[0073] It should be noted that in order to meet some scientific research needs, it is necessary to further improve the measurement accuracy. Therefore, based on the above embodiment, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the cutting force can be monitored by finding The actual cutting force In this embodiment, the method for measuring the cutting force during turning further comprises step S4.

[0074] S4. According to the monitored cutting resistance, based on a third relationship model between the monitored cutting resistance and the actual cutting resistance, the actual cutting resistance of the turning tool is obtained.

[0075] Specifically, the third relational model is , where For real knife resistance, coefficient, To monitor the cutting resistance.

[0076] It is understandable that there is a slight error between the cutter resistance measured by the stress sensor and the actual cutter resistance. This error is acceptable for most industries, but for some scientific research industries, since the processed objects are used for testing, higher accuracy is required. The actual cutting force The corresponding relationship can further reduce the error, which has good practical significance.

[0077] Based on the above embodiment, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the third relationship model is obtained according to steps A1 to A3:

[0078] A1. Obtain the second monitoring data set monitored by the strain sensor and the first cutting resistance set monitored by the dynamometer at different cutting depths.

[0079] A2. Obtain a second cutting resistance set based on the second monitoring data set.

[0080] A3. According to the first cutting resistance set and the second cutting resistance set, the cutting resistances of the same cutting depth are respectively used as the horizontal and vertical coordinates for fitting to obtain the third relationship model.

[0081] Specifically, in the cutting state, a dynamometer and the strain sensor are respectively installed on the tool bar. The specific steps of the calibration algorithm can be as follows:

[0082] Step 1: In a single-factor experiment with a changed cutting depth, the strain sensor and the dynamometer generate a charge signal according to different cutting resistances received by the tool bar, and send the charge signal to the signal amplification device;

[0083] Step 2: The signal amplification device conditions and amplifies the charge signal and converts it into a voltage signal;

[0084] Step 3: The data acquisition device acquires the voltage signal and calculates the strain generated by the tool bar according to the acquired voltage signal, and then calculates the monitoring cutting resistance corresponding to the strain. ;

[0085] Step 4: The data acquisition device records the cutting resistance Fn1, Fn2, ..., FnN in each experiment and the corresponding parameters of each experiment. .Right now:

[0086] In the experiment with a cutting depth of ap1, the strain sensor calculates the strain με1 of the tool bar based on the collected voltage signal, and calculates the measured tangential cutting force Fn1' corresponding to the force. The dynamometer collects the cutting resistance Fn1 of the cutting experiment. The data acquisition device records the point (Fn1', Fn1);

[0087] In the experiment with a cutting depth of ap2, the strain sensor calculates the strain με2 on the tool bar based on the collected voltage signal, and calculates the measured tangential cutting force Fn2' corresponding to the force. The dynamometer collects the cutting resistance Fn2 of the cutting experiment. The data acquisition device records the point (Fn2', Fn2);

[0088] …

[0089] In the experiment with a cutting depth of apN, the strain sensor calculates the strain μεN on the tool bar based on the collected voltage signal, and calculates the measured tangential cutting force FnN' corresponding to the force. The dynamometer collects the cutting resistance FnN of the cutting experiment. The data acquisition device records the point (FnN', FnN);

[0090] Step 5: The data processing device draws points (Fn1', Fn1), (Fn2', Fn2) ... (FnN', FnN) on the plane, and performs linear fitting on the N points. The third relationship model is .

[0091] Through the third relationship model, the accuracy of the cutting resistance measured by the cutting resistance measurement method in turning can be further improved, the error can be greatly reduced, and it can be applied to more precise processing, which has great practical significance.

[0092] Embodiment 2

[0093] The embodiment of the present invention provides a device for measuring cutting resistance in turning, which comprises:

[0094] The real-time data acquisition module is used to acquire the first monitoring data of the strain sensor.

[0095] The strain data acquisition module is used to acquire the tool bar strain data according to the first monitoring data and based on a first relationship model between the monitoring data and the strain.

[0096] The cutting resistance data module is used to obtain the monitoring cutting resistance of the turning tool according to the tool bar strain data and based on the second relationship model between the tool bar strain data and the cutting resistance.

[0097] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the device for measuring cutting resistance during turning further comprises a correction module.

[0098] The correction module is used to obtain the actual cutting resistance of the turning tool according to the monitored cutting resistance and based on a third relationship model between the monitored cutting resistance and the actual cutting resistance.

[0099] Based on the above embodiment, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the strain data acquisition module includes:

[0100] The micro-strain acquisition unit is used to acquire the micro-strain data of the tool bar according to the first monitoring data and based on a first relationship model between the monitoring data and the strain.

[0101] The strain acquisition unit is used to acquire the tool bar strain data according to the tool bar micro-strain data. The tool bar strain data is equal to times the micro-strain data of the tool bar.

[0102] On the basis of the above embodiment, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the device for measuring the cutting resistance during turning further comprises:

[0103] The first cutting resistance set acquisition module is used to acquire the second monitoring data set monitored by the strain sensor and the first cutting resistance set monitored by the dynamometer at different cutting depths.

[0104] The second knife-engagement resistance set acquisition module is used to acquire the second knife-engagement resistance set according to the second monitoring data set.

[0105] The fitting module is used to fit the cutting resistances of the same cutting depth as the horizontal and vertical coordinates according to the first cutting resistance set and the second cutting resistance set, so as to obtain a third relationship model.

[0106] Embodiment 3

[0107] The embodiment of the present invention provides a device for measuring cutting resistance during turning, which comprises a strain sensor 1, a signal amplifying device 3 electrically connected to the strain sensor, and a signal processing device 4 electrically connected to the signal amplifying device. The strain sensor is configured to be configured on a tool bar of a turning tool to collect strain during turning of the turning tool.

[0108] The signal processing device includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory. The computer program can be executed by the processor to implement the method for measuring the cutting resistance in turning as described in any paragraph of the first embodiment.

[0109] It is understandable that the signal processing device may be an electronic device with computing capabilities, such as a portable notebook computer, a desktop computer, a server, a smart phone, or a tablet computer.

[0110] In this embodiment, the strain sensor 1 can be fixed to the upper part of the tool rod by fastening bolts 2, the signal amplifying device 3 is electrically connected to the strain sensor 1, the signal acquisition device (not shown) is electrically connected to the signal amplifying device 3, and the signal processing device 4 is electrically connected to the signal acquisition device (not shown).

[0111] Specifically, the bottom of the strain sensor has a square elastic contact surface for sensing the strain of the tool bar. The resistance to cutting of the tool bar during the cutting process causes the tool bar to strain, and the tool bar strain is sensed by the contact surface. The strain sensor converts the signal into a charge signal and transmits it to the signal amplifier 3 (i.e., charge amplifier). The signal acquisition device converts the signal output by the signal amplifier 3 from an analog signal to a digital signal and then transmits it to the signal processing device 4. The signal processing device is used to process the received signal to identify the resistance to cutting of the tool during the turning process.

[0112] The strain sensor of the embodiment of the present invention is small in size and can be installed on the tool rod without being restricted by the machine tool structure, fixture, space, etc., and has good versatility. The method of the present invention can eliminate the need to purchase expensive dynamometers, thereby reducing costs.

[0113] Embodiment 4:

[0114] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the method for measuring the cutting resistance in turning as described in any paragraph of Example 1.

[0115] In several embodiments provided in the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method can also be implemented in other ways. The apparatus and method embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings show the possible architecture, functions and operations of the apparatus, method and computer program product according to multiple embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each box in the flowchart or block diagram can represent a module, a program segment or a part of a code, and the module, program segment or a part of the code contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the box can also occur in a different order from the order marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive boxes can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each box in the block diagram and / or flowchart, and the combination of boxes in the block diagram and / or flowchart can be implemented with a dedicated hardware-based system that performs a specified function or action, or can be implemented with a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0116] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module may exist independently, or two or more modules may be integrated to form an independent part.

[0117] If the function is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, an electronic device, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program code. It should be noted that in this article, the term "include", "include" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without more constraints, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising the element.

[0118] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring cutting resistance in turning, characterized in that: Include: Acquiring first monitoring data of the strain sensor; According to the first monitoring data, based on the first relationship model between the monitoring data and the strain, the tool bar strain data is obtained; wherein the first relationship model is , where is the micro strain data of the tool bar, It is the voltage signal output by the strain sensor; According to the tool bar strain data, based on the second relationship model between the tool bar strain data and the cutting resistance, the monitoring cutting resistance of the turning tool is obtained; wherein the second relationship model is , ; In the formula, is the stress on the shank, is the elastic modulus of the shank, is the strain data of the tool bar, To resist the knife, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the shank; According to the first monitoring data, based on a first relationship model between the monitoring data and strain, the tool bar strain data is obtained, specifically including: According to the first monitoring data, based on a first relationship model between the monitoring data and strain, obtaining micro-strain data of the tool bar; According to the tool bar micro-strain data, the tool bar strain data is obtained; wherein the tool bar strain data is equal to times the micro-strain data of the tool bar.

2. The method for measuring cutting resistance in turning according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: According to the monitored cutting resistance, based on a third relationship model between the monitored cutting resistance and the actual cutting resistance, the actual cutting resistance of the turning tool is obtained.

3. The method for measuring cutting resistance in turning according to claim 2, characterized in that: The third relationship model is , where For real knife resistance, coefficient, To monitor the resistance of cutting; The third relationship model is obtained according to the following steps: Acquire a second monitoring data set monitored by the strain sensor and a first cutting resistance set monitored by the dynamometer at different cutting depths; According to the second monitoring data set, obtaining a second cutting resistance set; According to the first cutting resistance set and the second cutting resistance set, the cutting resistances at the same cutting depth are respectively used as horizontal and vertical coordinates for fitting to obtain the third relationship model.

4. A device for measuring cutting resistance in turning, characterized in that: Include: A real-time data acquisition module, used for acquiring first monitoring data of the strain sensor; A strain data acquisition module is used to acquire the tool bar strain data according to the first monitoring data and based on a first relationship model between the monitoring data and the strain; wherein the first relationship model is , where is the micro strain data of the tool bar, It is the voltage signal output by the strain sensor; The cutting resistance data module is used to obtain the monitoring cutting resistance of the turning tool according to the tool bar strain data and the second relationship model between the tool bar strain data and the cutting resistance; wherein the second relationship model is , ; In the formula, is the stress on the shank, is the elastic modulus of the shank, is the strain data of the tool bar, To resist the knife, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the shank; The strain data acquisition module comprises: A micro-strain acquisition unit, configured to acquire micro-strain data of the tool bar according to the first monitoring data and based on a first relationship model between the monitoring data and the strain; The strain acquisition unit is used to acquire the tool bar strain data according to the tool bar microstrain data; wherein the tool bar strain data is equal to times the micro-strain data of the tool bar.

5. A device for measuring cutting resistance in turning, characterized in that: The invention comprises: a strain sensor, a signal amplifying device electrically connected to the strain sensor, and a signal processing device electrically connected to the signal amplifying device; wherein the strain sensor is configured to be arranged on a tool bar of a turning tool to collect strain during turning of the turning tool; The signal processing device includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory; the computer program can be executed by the processor to implement the method for measuring cutting resistance in turning as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the method for measuring cutting resistance in turning as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

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