Machining center head swing device suitable for difficult-to-process materials

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of metal processing technology, and provides a head swing device for a machining center suitable for difficult-to-process materials, comprising a box body, a spindle box, a first swing mechanism, a second swing mechanism and a control system. The left side of the spindle box is rotatably matched with an auxiliary supporting mechanism installed on the box body, and the right side is drivingly connected to the second swing mechanism installed on the box body; the first swing mechanism can rotate under the drive of a power source and can drive the second swing mechanism to rotate to realize the head swing of the spindle box and stop at a predetermined position; the control system receives the position data collected by the acquisition unit of the second swing mechanism itself and drives the power source to correct the predetermined position until the predetermined position reaches the target position. The present invention adopts a transmission structure of a servo motor, a synchronous belt, and a worm gear, which improves the transmission torque of the swing head component and has a compact overall appearance. The shaft adopts a hollow structure, which greatly reduces the overall weight of the equipment while ensuring rigidity, and consumes less energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metal processing, and in particular to a machining center head swing device suitable for difficult-to-process materials. Background Art

[0002] Horizontal five-axis machining centers are currently mostly used to process complex surface parts made of difficult-to-process materials such as titanium alloys. Therefore, the swing head components are required to have the characteristics of high rigidity, high torque, and high precision. However, the existing equipment cannot meet the characteristics of high torque and high rigidity, and the overall weight is large, which leads to high energy consumption.

[0003] Patent document CN208467747U discloses a mechanical single swing head for a five-axis composite machining center, a shell, an end cover, including: a shell, a swing head box, a first swing mechanism, a second swing mechanism, a first gear and a motor; the shell is arranged on both sides of the swing head box, and the first swing mechanism and the second swing mechanism are respectively arranged outside the two sides of the shell, and the first gear is arranged between the first swing mechanism and the swing head box; the first swing mechanism is a double gearbox, and the radius of the first gear is greater than the radius of the second gear; the second swing mechanism includes: a rotating shaft core, a first distribution shell, a second distribution shell, a cylindrical roller bearing static ring, a cylindrical roller bearing moving ring, a stepped pin and a first bushing, but the swing head box of this design adopts cylindrical roller bearings and angular contact ball bearings as supporting shafts, which has limited improvement on the rigidity of the swing head; a gear transmission mechanism is adopted as the second-stage speed reduction mechanism, and because the transmission ratio of the gear is relatively small, the improvement on the torque of the swing head is limited. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a machining center head swing device suitable for difficult-to-machine materials.

[0005] A machining center head swing device suitable for difficult-to-machine materials provided by the present invention comprises:

[0006] Box, used for support;

[0007] A spindle box, the left side of which is rotatably matched with an auxiliary support mechanism installed on the box body, and the right side of which is drivingly connected with a second swing mechanism installed on the box body;

[0008] The first swing mechanism can rotate under the drive of the power source and can drive the second swing mechanism to rotate so as to realize the spindle box swinging and stopping at a predetermined position;

[0009] The control system receives the position data collected by the collection unit of the second swing mechanism and drives the power source to correct the predetermined position until the predetermined position reaches the target position or is within the range of the target position.

[0010] Preferably, the first swing mechanism is driven by a power source and connected to the second swing mechanism through a synchronous belt.

[0011] Preferably, the power source is a servo motor, and the first swing mechanism includes a driven pulley expansion sleeve, a driven pulley, a synchronous belt, a driving pulley and a driving pulley expansion sleeve;

[0012] The second swing mechanism includes a central shaft and a rolling worm gear, the driving pulley is sleeved on the output shaft of the servo motor through a driving pulley expansion sleeve, the driven pulley is sleeved on the input end of the rolling worm gear through a driven pulley expansion sleeve, and the output end of the rolling worm gear is connected to the central shaft. When the servo motor can drive the driving pulley to rotate and drive the rolling worm gear to run through the synchronous belt, the central shaft is rotated;

[0013] The central shaft is fixedly mounted on the right side of the spindle box.

[0014] Preferably, the auxiliary support mechanism comprises a bearing seat, a bearing member, and a connecting shaft;

[0015] One end of the connecting shaft is fixedly mounted on the left side of the main spindle box, and the outer portion of the other end is mounted on the inner portion of the bearing seat through a bearing member, and the bearing seat is fixedly mounted on the box body.

[0016] Preferably, the connecting shaft and the central shaft are both hollow shafts.

[0017] Preferably, the rolling worm gear comprises a worm wheel and a worm, the worm wheel is arranged concentrically with the central axis, the lower end of the worm is meshed with the worm wheel, and the driven pulley is sleeved on the upper end of the worm wheel through a driven pulley expansion sleeve.

[0018] Preferably, the bearing member adopts a double-row cylindrical roller bearing;

[0019] The upper end of the worm is fixed to the front eccentric bearing seat through an angular contact ball bearing, and the lower end of the worm is fixed to the rear eccentric bearing seat through a double-row cylindrical roller bearing. The front eccentric bearing seat and the rear eccentric bearing seat are both fixed in the box.

[0020] Preferably, the axis of the worm is arranged parallel to the axis of the servo motor output shaft.

[0021] Preferably, the radius of the driving pulley is smaller than the radius of the driven pulley.

[0022] Preferably, the second swing mechanism comprises a pneumatic clamp, a wear-resistant ring and a clamp mounting seat;

[0023] The pneumatic clamp is fixed on the box body through a clamp mounting seat. Under the control of the control system, the pneumatic clamp can lock or release the wear-resistant ring on the central shaft to achieve a locked positioning state or an unlocked state of the central shaft.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The present invention adopts a transmission structure of a servo motor, a synchronous belt, and a worm gear to improve the transmission torque of the swing head component. The swing head box adopts a lightweight design. Under the premise of meeting the rigidity requirements, the weight of the box is reduced, and the internal installation space of the box is increased, so that the entire transmission system can be installed inside the box, thereby reducing the volume of the entire swing head, making the overall shape of the swing head compact, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the equipment.

[0026] 2. The present invention adopts the structure of auxiliary support and YRT turntable bearing to fix the two sides of the main shaft box, thereby improving the overall rigidity of the swing head component. YRT turntable bearings are used for support, which intersect at the cross roller bearings, have higher support rigidity and are easy to install, so that the central axis is directly made into an integral axis rather than a split axis, simplifying the transmission structure of the entire central axis.

[0027] 3. The present invention adopts a rolling worm gear structure, which reduces transmission friction and increases the service life of the swing head.

[0028] 4. The present invention adopts a worm eccentric adjustment structure, which can easily and accurately adjust the relative position of the worm gear and worm, and eliminate the transmission reverse clearance. Compared with the prior art that uses gasket adjustment and needs to make the worm into two sections, the transmission accuracy of the swing head is improved and the complexity of installation and adjustment is reduced.

[0029] 5. The present invention adopts the structure of a pneumatic clamp, which is tightly matched with a wear-resistant ring fixed on the central axis, thereby ensuring the fixed angle of the swing head and the accuracy during processing.

[0030] 6. The present invention adopts the structure of an annular grating scale to perform closed-loop control on the rotation position of the swing head, thereby ensuring the swing accuracy of the swing head. At the same time, the annular grating scale is directly installed on the tail section of the central shaft. Compared with the prior art that uses a transition shaft for installation, which has the defects of cumulative assembly errors and low feedback accuracy, the feedback accuracy of the annular grating is improved.

[0031] 7. The shaft in the present invention adopts a hollow shaft, which greatly reduces the overall weight of the equipment while ensuring rigidity, consumes less energy, and facilitates the routing of electrical, gas, and liquid pipelines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention, wherein the box body is not drawn;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a front cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a side cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure enlargement of the upper end of the worm;

[0038] Figure 6 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of the servo motor output shaft position;

[0039] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the lower end of the worm.

[0040] The figure shows:

[0041] 1-Box 19-Wear-resistant ring

[0042] 2-spindle box 20-annular grating ruler

[0043] 3-Electric spindle 21-Grating protective cover

[0044] 4-end cover 22-grating mounting plate

[0045] 5- auxiliary support mechanism 23- clamp mounting seat

[0046] 6- Second swing mechanism 24- front eccentric bearing seat

[0047] 7-first swing mechanism 25-angular contact ball bearing

[0048] 8-Motor mounting plate 26-Front bearing gland

[0049] 9-Adjustment block 27-Worm

[0050] 10-Servo motor 28-Driven pulley expansion sleeve

[0051] 11-bearing seat 29-driven pulley

[0052] 12-bearing cover 30-synchronous belt

[0053] 13-Double row cylindrical roller bearing 31-Drive pulley

[0054] 14-connecting shaft 32-driving pulley expansion sleeve

[0055] 15-YRT turntable bearing 33-expansion sleeve gland

[0056] 16-Center shaft 34-Rear eccentric bearing seat

[0057] 17-Worm gear 35-Double row cylindrical roller bearing

[0058] 18-Pneumatic clamp 36-Rear bearing gland DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several changes and improvements can also be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0060] Embodiment 1:

[0061] The present invention provides a machining center head swing device suitable for difficult-to-machine materials, comprising a box body 1, a spindle box 2, an auxiliary supporting mechanism 5, a first swinging mechanism 6, a second swinging mechanism 7 and a control system. The box body 1 is used for support and is a supporting structure of the entire device. The spindle box 2 is equipped with an electric spindle 3, which is the output end of the equipment. The left side of the spindle box 2 is rotatably matched with the auxiliary supporting mechanism 5 installed on the box body 1. The auxiliary supporting mechanism 5 is used to support the left side of the spindle box 2 when the spindle box 2 rotates. The right side of the spindle box 2 is drivingly connected to the second swinging mechanism 7 installed on the box body 1. When the second swinging mechanism 7 rotates, it can drive the spindle box 2 to rotate.

[0062] The first swing mechanism 6 can rotate under the drive of the power source and can drive the second swing mechanism 7 to rotate, thereby realizing the swing head of the spindle box 2 and stopping at a predetermined position. The power source is preferably an electric motor; the control system receives the position data collected by the acquisition unit of the second swing mechanism 7 itself and compares it with the target position. When the comparison result does not match the target position, a control command is issued to drive the power source to correct the predetermined position until the predetermined position reaches the target position or is within the range of the target position, thereby achieving the purpose of high-precision machining.

[0063] Specifically, the first swing mechanism 6 can be driven and connected to the second swing mechanism 7 through the synchronous belt 30 under the drive of the motor. The first swing mechanism 6 includes a driven pulley expansion sleeve 28, a driven pulley 29, a synchronous belt 30, a driving pulley 31 and a driving pulley expansion sleeve 32. The second swing mechanism 7 includes a central shaft 16 and a rolling worm gear. The driving pulley 31 is mounted on the output shaft of the motor through the driving pulley expansion sleeve 32. The driven pulley 29 is mounted on the input end of the rolling worm gear through the driven pulley expansion sleeve 28. The output end of the rolling worm gear is connected to the central shaft 16. The motor can drive the driving pulley 31 to rotate and drive the rolling worm gear to run through the synchronous belt 30 to rotate the central shaft 16. The central shaft 16 is fixedly installed on the right side of the spindle box 2. The rotation of the central shaft 16 can drive the central shaft 16 to rotate together.

[0064] The auxiliary supporting mechanism 5 supports the left side of the main spindle box 2, and includes a bearing seat 11, a bearing member, and a connecting shaft 14; one end of the connecting shaft 14 is fixedly installed on the left side of the main spindle box 2, and the outside of the other end is installed on the inside of the bearing seat 11 through the bearing member, and the bearing seat 11 is fixedly installed on the box body 1.

[0065] The connecting shaft 14 and the center shaft 16 are both hollow shafts, which can greatly reduce the weight of the entire equipment and reduce the energy consumed by the action. The rolling worm gear includes a worm wheel 17 and a worm 27. The worm wheel 17 is arranged concentrically with the center shaft 16. The lower end of the worm 27 is meshed with the worm wheel 17. The driven pulley 29 is mounted on the upper end of the worm wheel 17 through the driven pulley expansion sleeve 28. When the worm 27 rotates, it can drive the worm wheel 17 to rotate and then drive the center shaft 16 to rotate.

[0066] It should be noted that the axis of the worm 27 is arranged parallel to the axis of the output shaft of the servo motor 10, so that the entire structure can be arranged more compactly. The radius of the driving pulley 31 is smaller than the radius of the driven pulley 29, so that the entire rotation is decelerated and the driving torque is increased. The bearing member adopts a double-row cylindrical roller bearing 13. The upper end of the worm 27 is fixed to the front eccentric bearing seat 24 through an angular contact ball bearing 25, and the lower end of the worm 27 is fixed to the rear eccentric bearing seat 34 through a double-row cylindrical roller bearing 35. The front eccentric bearing seat 24 and the rear eccentric bearing seat 34 are both fixed in the housing 1. By rotating the front eccentric bearing seat 24 and the rear eccentric bearing seat 34, the relative position between the worm 27 and the worm wheel 17 can be adjusted, thereby eliminating the reverse clearance of the worm gear transmission.

[0067] In this embodiment, the second swing mechanism 7 includes a pneumatic clamp 18, a wear-resistant ring 19 and a clamp mounting base 23. The pneumatic clamp 18 is fixed to the box body 1 through the clamp mounting base 23. Under the control of the control system, the pneumatic clamp 18 can lock or release the wear-resistant ring 19 located on the central shaft 16, thereby realizing the locked positioning state or the unlocked state of the central shaft 16.

[0068] Embodiment 2:

[0069] This embodiment is a preferred example of Embodiment 1.

[0070] The present embodiment provides a machining center head swing device suitable for difficult-to-machine materials, specifically a high-rigidity and high-torque horizontal five-axis machining center head swing device, including a box body 1, a spindle box 2, an auxiliary support mechanism 5, a first swing mechanism 6, a second swing mechanism 7, a servo motor 10 and an end cover 4, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the auxiliary supporting mechanism 5 is arranged in the left inner cavity of the box body 1; the first swinging mechanism 6, the second swinging mechanism 7, and the servo motor 10 are arranged in the right inner cavity of the box body 1; the spindle box 2 is arranged between the auxiliary supporting mechanism 5 and the second swinging mechanism 7; the end cover 4 is arranged on the right outer wall of the box body 1, which plays a protective and aesthetic role.

[0071] like Figure 3 As shown, the auxiliary support mechanism 5 is a bearing support seat, including a bearing seat 11, a bearing cover 12, a double-row cylindrical roller bearing 13, and a connecting shaft 14. The inner side of the connecting shaft 14 is fixedly connected to the left side of the main shaft box 2, and the double-row cylindrical roller bearing 13 is sleeved on the outer side of the connecting shaft 14 and arranged inside the bearing seat 11. The bearing cover 12 is installed on the bearing seat 11 and is located outside the outer end of the double-row cylindrical roller bearing 13, which protects the double-row cylindrical roller bearing 13. The bearing seat 11 is fixedly connected to the box body 1.

[0072] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, the first swing mechanism 6 includes a driven pulley expansion sleeve 28, a driven pulley 29, a synchronous belt 30, a driving pulley 31, a driving pulley expansion sleeve 32, and an expansion sleeve cover 33. The driving pulley 31 is connected to the servo motor shaft through the driving pulley expansion sleeve 32, and the expansion sleeve cover 33 presses the driving pulley expansion sleeve 32. The driven pulley 29 is connected to the driving pulley 31 through the synchronous belt 30. The radius of the driving pulley 31 is smaller than that of the driven pulley 29. The driven pulley expansion sleeve 28 is arranged inside the driven pulley 29 for connecting the driven pulley 29 and the worm shaft 27.

[0073] The second swing mechanism 7 is a transmission structure of a rolling worm gear, including a central shaft 16, a YRT turntable bearing 15, a rolling worm gear, a front eccentric bearing seat 24, an angular contact ball bearing 25, a front bearing cover 26, a rear eccentric bearing seat 34, a double-row cylindrical roller bearing 35, and a rear bearing cover 36. A YRT turntable bearing 15 is arranged at the head position of the central shaft 16, and the YRT turntable bearing 15 is fixed to the housing 1. The rolling worm gear comprises a rolling worm wheel 17 and a worm 27. The worm wheel 17 is arranged in the middle of the central shaft 16, and the worm 27 is meshed with the worm wheel 17 for transmission. An angular contact ball bearing 25 is arranged at the upper end of the worm 27, and a front eccentric bearing seat 24 is arranged on the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 25. The front eccentric bearing seat 24 is fixed in the housing 1, and a front bearing pressure cover 26 axially fixes the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 25. A double-row cylindrical roller bearing 35 is arranged at the lower end of the worm 27, and a rear eccentric bearing seat 34 is arranged on the outer ring of the double-row cylindrical roller bearing 35. The rear eccentric bearing seat 34 is fixed in the housing 1, and a rear bearing pressure cover 36 axially fixes the outer ring of the double-row cylindrical roller bearing 35.

[0074] In this embodiment, the second swing mechanism 7 also includes a wear-resistant ring 19, a pneumatic clamp 18, a clamp mounting seat 23, an annular grating scale 20, a grating mounting plate 22 and a grating protective cover 21. The wear-resistant ring 19 is fixed on the central shaft 16, the clamp mounting seat 23 is arranged on the side of the pneumatic clamp 18, the clamp mounting seat 23 is fixed on the box body 1, the annular grating scale 20 includes a grating hub and a reading head, the grating hub is connected to the central shaft 16, the reading head is fixedly connected to the grating mounting plate 22, the grating mounting plate 22 is fixed on the box body 1, and the grating protective cover 21 is fixedly connected to the grating mounting plate 22.

[0075] Specifically, the housing 1 is used to place and protect the rotating parts of the auxiliary support mechanism 5, the first swing mechanism 6, the second swing mechanism 7, and the servo motor 10. The spindle box 2 is used to install the high-speed electric spindle. The motor mounting plate is installed on the rear side of the housing 1 and is used to install the servo motor 10. The synchronous belt 30 connects the servo motor 10 and the pulley on the worm 27. After the synchronous belt 30 is connected, the position of the motor mounting plate is adjusted by the screw on the adjustment block to tighten the synchronous belt 30. The servo motor shaft rotates and is transmitted to the driven pulley 29 through the synchronous belt 30 to achieve the first level of speed reduction. The large transmission ratio rolling worm gears in the second swing mechanism 7 are meshed and transmitted, and the worm wheel 17 drives the central shaft 16 to rotate to achieve the second level of speed reduction. The two speed reductions greatly increase the transmission torque. The central shaft 16 is connected to the spindle box 2 with screws, thereby driving the spindle box 2 to swing. The YRT turntable bearing 15 on the left side of the spindle box 2 bears radial force and axial force, and the double-row cylindrical roller bearing 35 on the right side bears radial force, thereby providing a stable rotation axis for the spindle box 2 and improving the rigidity of the swing head.

[0076] The pneumatic clamp 18 is used to lock the rotation of the central shaft 16 to ensure the accuracy of the swing head fixed angle processing. The wear ring 19 is connected to the central shaft 16 by screws, and the pneumatic clamp 18 is fixed on the clamp mounting seat 23. The positions of the two correspond. When the pneumatic clamp 18 is ventilated, the inner ring will lock with the wear ring 19, thereby locking the central shaft 16.

[0077] The annular grating ruler 20 is used to ensure the accuracy of the swing angle of the swing head box and to detect the swing angle position of the spindle box 2 in real time. The data collected by the annular grating ruler 20 is fed back to the control system, and the control system performs position compensation for the erroneous position, thereby forming a closed-loop control of the swing head rotation position, thereby improving the swing accuracy of the swing head.

[0078] The swing principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0079] After receiving the rotation command, the control system controls the servo motor 10 to rotate. The active pulley 31 installed on the output shaft of the servo motor 10 rotates and drives the driven pulley 29 to rotate through the synchronous belt 30, thereby driving the worm 27 to rotate. The worm wheel 17 is meshed with the worm 27, so the worm wheel 17 also rotates with the rotation of the worm 27. The worm wheel 17 is fixedly assembled with the center shaft 16, so the center shaft 16 also rotates with the worm wheel 17 and then drives the spindle box 2 to rotate so that the direction of the electric spindle 3 is rotated to a predetermined position. At this time, the control system compares the position data collected by the annular grating scale 20 installed on the second swing mechanism 7 with the target position. When the comparison result does not match the target position, the control system issues a control command and drives the servo motor 10 to correct the predetermined position until the predetermined position reaches the target position or is within the range of the target position, thereby achieving the purpose of high-precision machining.

[0080] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0081] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. A head swing device for a machining center suitable for difficult-to-machine materials, characterized in that: include: A box (1) for supporting; A spindle box (2), the left side of which is rotatably matched with an auxiliary support mechanism (5) mounted on the box body (1), and the right side of which is drivingly connected with a second swing mechanism (7) mounted on the box body (1); The first swing mechanism (6) is capable of rotating under the drive of a power source and driving the second swing mechanism (7) to rotate, thereby realizing the swing head of the spindle box (2) and stopping at a predetermined position, and the second swing mechanism (7) adopts a rolling worm gear transmission structure and a worm gear eccentric adjustment structure, which can accurately adjust the relative position of the rolling worm gear and eliminate the transmission reverse clearance; A control system receives the position data collected by the collection unit of the second swing mechanism (7) and compares it with the target position, and when the comparison result does not match the target position, issues a control command and drives the power source to correct the predetermined position until the predetermined position reaches the target position or is within the range of the target position; The first swing mechanism (6) is driven by a power source and connected to the second swing mechanism (7) via a synchronous belt (30); The power source adopts a servo motor (10), and the first swing mechanism (6) comprises a driven pulley expansion sleeve (28), a driven pulley (29), a synchronous belt (30), a driving pulley (31), and a driving pulley expansion sleeve (32); The second swing mechanism (7) comprises a central shaft (16) and a rolling worm gear; the driving pulley (31) is sleeved on the output shaft of the servo motor (10) via a driving pulley expansion sleeve (32); the driven pulley (29) is sleeved on the input end of the rolling worm gear via a driven pulley expansion sleeve (28); the output end of the rolling worm gear is connected to the central shaft (16); when the servo motor (10) drives the driving pulley (31) to rotate and drives the rolling worm gear to run via a synchronous belt (30), the central shaft (16) is rotated; The central shaft (16) is fixedly mounted on the right side of the main shaft box (2); The auxiliary support mechanism (5) comprises a bearing seat (11), a bearing member, and a connecting shaft (14); One end of the connecting shaft (14) is fixedly mounted on the left side of the main spindle box (2), and the outside of the other end is mounted inside the bearing seat (11) through a bearing member, and the bearing seat (11) is fixedly mounted on the box body (1); The connecting shaft (14) and the central shaft (16) are both hollow shafts; The rolling worm gear comprises a worm wheel (17) and a worm (27), the worm wheel (17) being arranged concentrically with the central axis (16), the lower end of the worm (27) being meshed with the worm wheel (17), and the driven pulley (29) being sleeved on the upper end of the worm wheel (17) via a driven pulley expansion sleeve (28); The upper end of the worm (27) is fixed to the front eccentric bearing seat (24) via an angular contact ball bearing (25), and the lower end of the worm (27) is fixed to the rear eccentric bearing seat (34) via a double-row cylindrical roller bearing (35), and the front eccentric bearing seat (24) and the rear eccentric bearing seat (34) are both fixed in the housing (1); The second swing mechanism (7) comprises a pneumatic clamp (18), a wear-resistant ring (19), an annular grating scale (20), a grating protection cover (21), a grating mounting plate (22) and a clamp mounting seat (23), the wear-resistant ring (19) being fixed on the central shaft (16), the pneumatic clamp (18) being fixed on the box body (1) via the clamp mounting seat (23), and the pneumatic clamp (18) being able to lock or release the wear-resistant ring (19) on the central shaft (16) under the control of the control system, thereby realizing a locked positioning state or an unlocked state of the central shaft (16); A clamp mounting seat (23) is provided on the side of the pneumatic clamp (18), the clamp mounting seat (23) is fixed on the housing (1), the annular grating ruler (20) comprises a grating hub and a reading head, the grating hub is connected to the central axis (16), the reading head is fixedly connected to the grating mounting plate (22), the grating mounting plate (22) is fixed to the housing (1), and the grating protective cover (21) is fixedly connected to the grating mounting plate (22); The pneumatic clamp (18) is used to lock the rotation of the central shaft (16) to ensure the accuracy of the swing head fixed angle processing. The wear-resistant ring (19) is connected to the central shaft (16). The pneumatic clamp (18) is fixed on the clamp mounting seat (23). The positions of the two correspond. When the pneumatic clamp (18) is ventilated, the inner ring of the pneumatic clamp (18) will lock with the wear-resistant ring (19), thereby locking the central shaft (16); The annular grating ruler (20) is used to ensure the accuracy of the swing angle of the swing head box and detect the swing angle position of the spindle box (2) in real time. The data collected by the annular grating ruler (20) is fed back to the control system, and the control system performs position compensation for the position with error, thereby forming a closed-loop control of the swing head rotation position.

2. The head swing device for a machining center suitable for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing member adopts a double-row cylindrical roller bearing (13).

3. The head swing device for a machining center suitable for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axis center of the worm (27) is arranged parallel to the axis center of the output shaft of the servo motor (10).

4. The head swing device for a machining center suitable for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radius of the driving pulley (31) is smaller than the radius of the driven pulley (29).

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