Device and method for visual analysis of micro-area deformation mechanical properties during live machining of materials

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and method for visual analysis of intelligent micro-area deformation mechanical properties during live-electrode machining of materials, including: a power supply system, a signal acquisition system, a deformation system, and a PC system; the power supply system is used to provide an electric field and a thermal field to the workpiece to be deformed; the signal acquisition system includes a visual acquisition device, a thermal imaging device, an operating table, a bracket, and a rotating seat; the visual acquisition device includes multiple groups of high-frequency cameras, lenses, and light sources with angle differences, and cooperates with the thermal imaging device to output the microscopic deformation behavior of the material in real time during the live-electrode machining process; the deformation system is used to cause the material to produce axial and radial deformation behavior during the live-electrode machining process; the PC system is used to convert the electrical signal and digital signal in the signal acquisition system into an image, and to provide real-time feedback and analyze the entire deformation behavior. The present invention can observe the deformation behavior of the material under pulse current, the load distribution, and digitize and image the microscopic area of ​​the material for in-situ synchronous analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metal material electrification forming, and in particular to an intelligent micro-area deformation mechanical property visual analysis device and method during a material electrification processing process. Background Art

[0002] With the development of 5G communication technology, all walks of life have begun to move towards big data and intelligent manufacturing. However, the development of the industry is inseparable from materials. Industry, agriculture, military industry, semiconductors, metallurgy, aerospace and other industries are closely related to alloy materials. These related industries have certain requirements for the hardness, strength and plastic toughness of materials. However, there is an exclusive relationship between the strength, hardness and plastic toughness of materials. Improving the strength and hardness of materials cannot meet the toughness of materials, and vice versa, the strength and hardness of materials cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, studying the mechanical properties of materials has become a very important part before processing and production.

[0003] Common alloys include aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, copper alloys, steel, etc. Researchers study alloys based on traditional concepts and develop and improve the performance of alloys under this conceptual framework. The research and development of materials aims to seek and obtain the most suitable performance for service conditions at the lowest cost. At present, the main methods to improve material performance are composition design, alloy deformation processing, heat treatment and other means. However, except for grain refinement, other methods will reduce the plastic toughness of the material. For example, during the processing of steel, due to its large deformation resistance, it needs to be heated to above the austenite phase to be easy to process; for titanium alloys, the room temperature processing ability is very poor, and it usually needs to be heated to 850-950℃ for processing; for magnesium alloys, the processing and shaping at room temperature is very poor. At the same time, because it belongs to the close-packed hexagonal crystal structure, there are few slip systems, and it is easy to produce twinning. The deformation amount of a single pass is usually less than 15%, and the processing performance is poor. It is usually a series of hot rolling and then a 400℃, 1h recrystallization annealing process and then a cold rolling process to obtain thin materials. However, the deformation amount during the rolling process needs to be strictly controlled, so multiple rolling and intermediate annealing processes are required. For factories, the above processes require high energy consumption costs and low work efficiency.

[0004] As a new process that can improve the organization and performance of materials quickly and effectively, high-energy electric pulse technology will produce obvious electroplastic and non-electroplastic effects when applied to the processing of materials (including various metal materials, ceramic materials, superconducting materials, powder metallurgy products, etc.). Among them, high-energy electric pulse treatment of solid metals using the electroplastic effect can control the microstructural evolution and performance of the material, including grain refinement, segregation reduction, and change of microstructural morphology. During the metal rolling process, by applying a directional electric field at both ends of the processed material, the deformation resistance of the material can be quickly and effectively reduced. High-energy electric pulse treatment of solid metals using the non-electroplastic effect can generate Joule heat in the material in the processing area, reducing the material rheological stress during the deformation process from the perspective of molecular dynamics and thermodynamics.

[0005] At present, there are many methods for studying mechanical behavior after heat treatment or electroplasticity processing using the Joule heating effect of pulsed current. However, there are few methods for mechanical analysis of synchronous electropulse heat treatment or electroplasticity processing with deformation. Moreover, after the pulsed current is introduced into the deformation equipment, the electromagnetic effect will cause the recording equipment (such as electronic extensometer) to fail, thereby losing the mechanical behavior information of the workpiece. Patent application document No. CN111549305B discloses a method for strengthening and toughening magnesium alloy strips. Based on laboratory results, the process proposes a process flow of electropulse heat treatment-processing-conventional heat treatment-processing-electropulse heat treatment, and separates the material solution treatment, rolling deformation, aging treatment, rolling deformation, and recrystallization treatment. Patent application document No. CN111424224B discloses a method for preparing high-strength and high-toughness copper alloy strips. The process proposes a process flow of solid solution-cold rolling-electropulse treatment-cold rolling-aging. These process methods all study deformation processing after single electric pulse heat treatment. After each deformation is completed, electric pulse heat treatment or traditional heat treatment technology is used to eliminate the work hardening phenomenon in the processing process. The mechanical properties of the material are improved through multiple passes. The operation is cumbersome and requires manpower to change the process path back and forth.

[0006] For metal materials, the multi-pass process of "electric pulse treatment - deformation processing - electric pulse treatment - deformation processing - electric pulse treatment" consumes a lot of time and increases labor costs. It is also impossible to intuitively explore the corresponding failure causes under the material's extreme performance. Other detection methods are needed to study the mechanical properties of materials and microscopic failure analysis. Therefore, it is particularly important to solve the problems existing in the existing process, increase the methods and means of material research, and develop an analysis device and method that can observe the deformation behavior and load distribution of materials under pulse current in real time, as well as digitize and image the microscopic areas of materials for in-situ synchronous analysis. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present invention provides an intelligent visual analysis device and method for the mechanical properties of micro-area deformation in the live processing process of materials, which can observe the deformation behavior and load distribution of materials under pulse current in real time, and digitize and image the microscopic areas of the materials for in-situ synchronous analysis.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides an intelligent micro-area deformation mechanical property visual analysis device during live-electrification processing of materials, comprising a power supply system, a signal acquisition system, a deformation system, and a PC system;

[0009] A power supply system, including a pulse power supply, an oscilloscope, and an electric signal regulator, is used to provide an electric field and a thermal field to the workpiece to be deformed;

[0010] The signal acquisition system includes a visual acquisition device, a thermal imaging device, an operating table, a bracket, and a rotating seat; the visual acquisition device includes multiple sets of high-frequency cameras, lenses, and light sources with angle differences, and cooperates with the thermal imaging device to output the microscopic deformation behavior of the material in real time during the live processing process;

[0011] The deformation system includes an axial displacement mechanism, a radial displacement mechanism, a mold, and a base, and is used to cause the material to deform in the axial and radial directions during live processing;

[0012] The PC system is used to convert the electrical signals and digital signals in the signal acquisition system into images, and to provide real-time feedback and analyze the entire deformation behavior.

[0013] According to one aspect of the present invention, the pulse power supply of the power supply system includes a low-frequency high-peak pulse power supply and a high-frequency low-peak pulse power supply;

[0014] Low-frequency, high-peak pulse power supply provides electroplastic effect for the workpiece to be deformed;

[0015] High-frequency, low-peak pulse power supply provides a resistance heat source for the workpiece to be deformed;

[0016] The oscilloscope of the power supply system is used to monitor the electrical signals of voltage, current, frequency, pulse width and duty cycle in real time;

[0017] The electrical signal controller of the power supply system is used to select the type of pulse power supply and adjust the electrical signals of voltage, current, frequency, pulse width and duty cycle in real time;

[0018] The power supply system also includes a direct current power supply and an alternating current power supply.

[0019] According to one aspect of the present invention, the output voltage provided by the low-frequency, high-peak pulse power supply is: 0~12V, continuously adjustable; the output current is: 0~5000A, continuously adjustable; the pulse frequency is 0~2000Hz, continuously adjustable; the pulse width is: 0~400μs, continuously adjustable; the output voltage provided by the high-frequency, low-peak pulse power supply is: 0~12V, continuously adjustable; the output current is: 0~1000A, continuously adjustable; the pulse frequency is 5000~24000Hz, continuously adjustable; the pulse width is: 0~40μs, continuously adjustable.

[0020] According to one aspect of the present invention, the visual acquisition device also includes a magnifier; the thermal imaging device is composed of a thermal imaging camera; the operating table is composed of two multi-grooved semicircular components; the high-frequency camera, thermal imaging camera, light source, and bracket are fixed to the operating table by riveting with a rotating seat and T-nuts, and are arranged around the deformation system; the high-frequency camera, lens, magnifier, and thermal imaging camera are all arranged facing the deformation surface of the workpiece to be deformed.

[0021] According to one aspect of the present invention, the number of the high-frequency camera, lens, light source, magnifier, and thermal imaging camera is 2N; wherein N is the number of acquisition surfaces, and when the workpiece to be deformed is a square column, N can be 1, 2, 3, or 4; when the workpiece to be deformed is a cylinder, N can be 1 or 2; a thermal imaging camera is provided on one acquisition surface, and the high-frequency camera with a lens and a magnifier and the thermal imaging camera are connected via a synchronization trigger, and the synchronization trigger transmits the imaging data to the PC system in the form of an electrical signal.

[0022] According to one aspect of the present invention, the axial displacement mechanism and the radial displacement mechanism in the deformation system are both connected to the power supply system; the mold includes a first mold and a second mold; the axial displacement mechanism and the radial displacement mechanism are connected through the first mold; the base is connected to the second mold, and the first mold and the second mold can detachably fix the workpiece to be deformed; a layer of black paint is attached to the surface of the deformation system.

[0023] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a method for visual analysis of the mechanical properties of intelligent micro-area deformation during live-electrode machining of materials, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: Material preparation:

[0025] The workpiece to be deformed is polished clean, the surface oxide scale, oil stains, and residues are removed, and then dried to prepare a self-spraying chrome-plated environmentally friendly water paint; wherein the chrome-plated environmentally friendly water paint includes matte black paint and matte white paint;

[0026] Step 2: Workpiece marking:

[0027] Spray matte white paint evenly on the surface of the sample with a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, air-dry for 5 to 20 minutes, and then evenly disperse matte black paint on the surface of the white paint in the form of particles with a diameter of 0 to 2 mm, and air-dry for 5 to 20 minutes;

[0028] Step 3: Workpiece loading and calibration:

[0029] Select a mold of corresponding size and load the marked workpiece into the mold. Use a self-made calibration plate combined with a visual acquisition device to calibrate the workpiece. When the acquisition error is less than 0.1, save the calibration parameters.

[0030] Step 4: Live processing:

[0031] After selecting the power type and parameters, turn on the deformation system, set the deformation type, deformation rate and workpiece size in the PC system, and run the deformation system and information acquisition system at the same time;

[0032] Step 5: Data analysis:

[0033] Open the data saved by the deformation system and the information acquisition system respectively, draw the stress-strain processing curve, open the image saved in the information acquisition system, and use the PC system to perform strain and load analysis on the three directions of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis of the workpiece;

[0034] Wherein, the workpiece to be processed is metal.

[0035] According to one aspect of the present invention, the type of deformation is any one of stretching, compression, torsion, pulling and twisting, and spinning, and the deformation rate is 0.01 to 10 mm / s.

[0036] According to one aspect of the present invention, the calibration plate has a size of 40×30mm, is made of aluminum oxide, and has a number of calibrated points and a spacing of 9×7.5mm respectively; and when the type of deformation is stretching, the workpiece size is: total length 39mm, thickness 3mm, width 4mm, transition radius 12mm, and gauge length 15mm; when the type of deformation is torsion or tension-twist, the workpiece size is: total length 39mm, inner diameter 8mm, outer diameter 12mm, and gauge length 15mm.

[0037] According to one aspect of the present invention, the calibration plate has a size of 28×12 mm, is made of alumina, and has a number of calibrated points and a spacing of 8×4,3 mm respectively; and when the deformation type is compression or spinning, the workpiece size is: 15 mm in height and 10 mm in diameter.

[0038] The working principle of introducing an electric field is as follows: high-energy pulse current is applied on both sides of the metal material, that is, the pulse power supply inputs the pulse current into the powered area of ​​the metal material moving between the two electrodes through two electrodes. The pulse current produces a coupling effect of Joule heating effect and non-thermal effect in the powered area of ​​the metal material. The pulse current is used to significantly promote the atomic diffusion in the material and the strong interaction with defects (vacancies, dislocations, grain boundaries). It can improve the material's organizational structure by quickly inducing recovery, recrystallization, phase change and other behaviors, control the solidification organization of the metal material, refine the grains, improve the diffusion capacity of the elements, and promote the uniform distribution of the hard phase in the metal material. At the same time, since the high-energy electric pulse is transmitted through the pulse current between the two electrodes, it is possible to regulate the mechanical properties and processing properties of the material only in the target area.

[0039] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0040] 1) Compared with the existing material deformation process and mechanical behavior analysis methods, the present invention provides an intelligent micro-area deformation mechanical property visual analysis device and method for the live material processing process. On the one hand, a new process is proposed, that is, an electric field is introduced into the workpiece during the processing process, and the electroplastic effect and thermal effect of high-energy electric pulses are used to improve the plasticity of the processing section, reduce the processing difficulty of the material, and keep the uniform structure and performance of the material after processing. On the other hand, visual information collection is introduced during the deformation process to achieve the complete real-time output of mechanical behavior data in the material processing process, and the dynamic visualization of micro-area strain, load, failure behavior and thermodynamic behavior. By combining the control system with electrical signals to quickly and effectively study the deformation behavior under different pulse current frequencies, current densities, pulse widths, temperatures, and deformation speeds during the processing process, the material forming process is optimized to a great extent, the number of processing passes is minimized, and the material achieves the best structure and performance, improving processing efficiency and reducing labor and energy costs.

[0041] 2) Compared with the existing material deformation process and mechanical behavior analysis methods, the present invention provides an intelligent micro-area deformation mechanical performance visual analysis device and method for the live material processing process. This method effectively solves the problem that the mechanical behavior cannot be effectively recorded due to component failure caused by the introduction of pulse current in the deformation device; at the same time, the mechanical behavior is converted into one-dimensional data and two-dimensional images for dynamic synchronous real-time output, and the force field, electric field, magnetic field, and thermal field are organically combined for material research. The processing process is fully digitally recorded, and it is easy to operate, beautiful in appearance, low in cost, highly intelligent, and has a high safety factor, and has excellent practical value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of a top view of a device for visually analyzing the mechanical properties of micro-area deformation in a live-electrode machining process of a material according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of a signal acquisition system in an intelligent visual analysis device for micro-area deformation mechanical properties in a material live processing process of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 It is a side view structural schematic diagram of a deformation system in an intelligent visual analysis device for micro-area deformation mechanical properties in a material live processing process of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 A stress-strain processing curve of Example 1 drawn based on the data stored by the deformation system and the signal acquisition system obtained by the PC system;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a strain and load analysis diagram of the workpiece in the X-axis direction performed by the PC system of Example 1;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a strain and load analysis diagram of the workpiece in the Y-axis direction performed by the PC system of Example 1;

[0048] Figure 7 The strain and load analysis diagram of the workpiece in the Z-axis direction performed by the PC system of Example 1;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a load analysis diagram of the PC system of Example 1 on the workpiece in the Z-axis direction.

[0050] Description of the drawings: 1. Power supply system; 2. Signal acquisition system; 3. Deformation system; 4. PC system; 21 is a high-frequency camera with a lens and a magnifying lens; 22. Thermal imaging camera; 23. Light source; 24. Operating table; 25. Bracket; 26. Rotating seat; 31. Axial displacement mechanism; 32. Radial displacement mechanism; 33. Mold; 34. Workpiece; 35. Base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] To make the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, the professional terms used below are consistent with the meanings understood by professional and technical personnel in the field.

[0052] The high-frequency camera 21 with a lens and a magnifying mirror of the present application is specifically a high-speed industrial camera 4112-20um.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an intelligent visual analysis device for micro-area deformation mechanical properties in a material live machining process of the present invention, which is mainly composed of a power supply system 1, a signal acquisition system 2, a deformation system 3, and a PC system 4.

[0054] The power supply system 1 includes a DC power supply, an AC power supply, a low-frequency high-peak pulse power supply, a high-frequency low-peak pulse power supply, an oscilloscope, and an electrical signal regulator. The power supply system 1 is used to power the deformation system 3 and the signal acquisition system 2. The power supply system 1 converts the external AC power into DC power, and then selects the type of pulse power supply according to the process requirements. When the pointer is adjusted to "0", the corresponding pulse power supply is a low-frequency high-peak pulse power supply. The parameters provided by the power supply are: output voltage (0-12V), output current (0-5000A), pulse frequency (0-2000Hz), and pulse width (0-400μs). When the pointer is adjusted to "1", the corresponding pulse power supply is a high-frequency low-peak pulse power supply. The parameters provided by the power supply are: output voltage (0-12V), output current (0-1000A), pulse frequency (5000-24000Hz), and pulse width (0-40μs). The electrical signal regulator is used to adjust the waveform parameters displayed by the oscilloscope in real time. The PC system 4 sends instructions to the deformation system 3 and the signal acquisition system 2, controls the deformation process type (stretching, compression, torsion, spinning, pulling and twisting) and deformation rate (0.01-10 mm / s) of the deformation system 3, controls the frame number (0-20 um) and step length (0-20) of the visual acquisition device in the signal acquisition system, and the frame number (0-30 um) of the thermal imaging device. The deformation system 3 runs synchronously with the signal acquisition system 2 and transmits the signal to the PC system 4 for analysis.

[0055] Figure 2The schematic diagram of the top view of the signal acquisition system 2 in the visual analysis device of the mechanical properties of micro-area deformation in the live-electrification processing of a material of the present invention includes a visual acquisition device, a thermal imaging device, an operating table 24, a bracket 25, and a rotating seat 26; the visual acquisition device includes multiple groups of high-frequency cameras, lenses, and light sources 23 with angle differences. The visual acquisition device also includes a magnifier; the thermal imaging device is composed of a thermal imaging camera 22; the operating table 24 is composed of two semicircular components with multiple grooves; the high-frequency camera, thermal imaging camera 22, light source 23, and bracket 25 are fixed on the operating table 24 by riveting through a rotating seat 26 and T-nuts, and are arranged around the deformation system 3; the high-frequency camera, lens, and magnifier are assembled into a high-frequency camera 21 with a lens and a magnifier, and the high-frequency camera 21 with a lens and a magnifier and the thermal imaging camera 22 are both arranged toward the deformation surface of the workpiece to be deformed. Among them, the rotating seat 26 is a 360° horizontal turntable (axial horizontal direction of the circular operating table); the number of the high-frequency camera 21 with lens and magnifier, the light source 23, and the thermal imaging camera 22 are all 2N; wherein N is the number of acquisition surfaces, when the workpiece to be deformed is a square column, N can be 1, 2, 3, 4; when the workpiece to be deformed is a cylinder, N is 1, 2; a thermal imaging camera 22 is provided on a acquisition surface, and the high-frequency camera 21 with lens and magnifier and the thermal imaging camera 22 are connected through a synchronization trigger, and the synchronization trigger transmits the imaging data to the PC system 4 in the form of an electrical signal.

[0056] Figure 3 The side view structural diagram of the deformation system 3 in the visual analysis device of mechanical properties of micro-area deformation in the live processing process of a material of the present invention, the axial displacement mechanism 31 and the radial displacement mechanism 32 in the deformation system 3 are both connected to the power supply system 1; the mold 33 includes a first mold and a second mold; the axial displacement mechanism 31 and the radial displacement mechanism 32 are connected through the first mold; the base 35 is connected to the second mold, the first mold and the second mold can detachably fix the workpiece 34 to be deformed, and the first mold and the second mold are used as electrodes to clamp on both sides of the workpiece 34 to be processed, so as to realize the processing technology of live stretching, compression, torsion, pulling and twisting, spinning, creep, etc.; a layer of black paint is attached to the surface of the deformation system 3, the purpose of which is to prevent the increase of imaging errors of the visual acquisition device and the thermal imaging device due to light reflection. Among them, the axial displacement mechanism 31 and the radial displacement mechanism 32 of the present application are conventional operations in this field and are not described in detail here.

[0057] The specific operation includes the following steps:

[0058] 1) Material preparation: When the deformation type is stretching, the workpiece size is: total length 39mm, thickness 3mm, width 4mm, transition radius 12mm, gauge length 15mm. When the deformation type is torsion or tension-twist, the workpiece size is: total length 39mm, inner diameter 8mm, outer diameter 12mm, gauge length 15mm. When the deformation type is compression or spinning, the workpiece size is: height 15mm, diameter 10mm. Grind the workpiece to be deformed clean, remove the surface oxide scale, oil stains, and residues, and dry it, and prepare the self-spraying chrome-plating environmentally friendly water paint (matte black, matte white).

[0059] 2) Workpiece marking: Spray matte white paint evenly on the sample surface with a thickness of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm. After air-drying for 5 to 20 minutes, use matte black paint to evenly disperse it on the white paint surface in the form of particles with a black spot size of 0 to 2 mm. Air-dry for 5 to 20 minutes.

[0060] 3) Workpiece loading and calibration: Select a mold of corresponding size and load the marked workpiece into the mold. After the camera is focused, use a self-made calibration plate combined with a visual acquisition device to calibrate the workpiece. When the deformation type is stretching, the corresponding calibration plate size is 40*30mm, the material is alumina, and the number and spacing of the punctuation points are 9*7,5mm respectively; when the deformation type is torsion or tension and twisting, the corresponding calibration plate size is 40*30mm, the material is alumina, and the number and spacing of the punctuation points are 9*7,5mm respectively; when the deformation type is compression or spinning, the corresponding calibration plate size is 28*12mm, the material is alumina, and the number and spacing of the punctuation points are 8*4,3mm respectively. Save the calibration parameters when the acquisition error is less than 0.1.

[0061] 4) Live processing: After selecting the power type and parameters, open the deformation system 3, set the deformation type (stretching, compression, torsion, spinning, pulling and twisting), deformation rate (0.01~10mm / s), and workpiece size in the PC system 4, and then run the deformation system 3 button and the signal acquisition system 2 at the same time.

[0062] 5) Data analysis: Open the data saved in the deformation system 3 and the signal acquisition system 2 respectively, draw the stress-strain processing curve, open the image saved in the signal acquisition system 2, and use the PC system 4 to perform strain and load analysis on the three directions of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis of the workpiece.

[0063] The present invention also provides a process method for visually analyzing the intelligent micro-area deformation mechanical properties of an alloy during live processing using the above device: this is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] A method for intelligent micro-area deformation mechanical properties visual analysis device during live material processing, comprising the following steps:

[0066] 1) Material preparation: Copper alloy (Cu-9% Ni-6% Sn) material was used to prepare tensile specimens using an electric spark cutting machine, with specific dimensions of 39 mm in total length, 3 mm in thickness, 4 mm in width, 12 mm in transition radius, and 15 mm in gauge length. The six surfaces of the tensile specimens were polished clean using 240#, 400#, 800#, and 2000# water-abrasive sandpaper to remove surface oxide scale, oil stains, and residues, and then placed in anhydrous ethanol solution for ultrasonic cleaning. After about 5 minutes, the specimens were dried and self-sprayed chrome-plated environmentally friendly water paint (matte black, matte white) was prepared.

[0067] 2) Workpiece marking: After the sample is dried, lay it flat and use a pressure nozzle to evenly spray matte white paint on the sample surface. The nozzle is 40 cm away from the sample, the spraying time is 3 min, the thickness of the white paint is 0.3 mm, and after natural air drying for 8 min, the matte black paint is randomly dispersed on the white paint surface in the form of particles using a nozzle. The nozzle is 25 cm away from the workpiece, the black spot size is 0.2 mm, the black spot density is 70%, and it is naturally air dried for 3 min.

[0068] 3) Workpiece loading and calibration: Select the stretching mold, fix the mold in the deformation system 3, and start loading the marked sample. After loading is completed, turn on the high-frequency camera 21 with a lens and a magnifying lens around the sample, the light source 23, and the thermal imaging camera 22. By adjusting the size of the light source 23, the aperture size and focal length of the rotating camera are adjusted to focus the image on the same observation surface, and the "cross-cross centering point" in the camera field of view is focused on the same position by adjusting the rotating seat 26 at the bottom. After the focus and centering are completed, the self-made calibration plate (size 40*30mm, material is alumina, the number and spacing of calibrated points are 9*7,5mm respectively) combined with the visual acquisition device is used to calibrate the stretching sample. The number of calibration photos is 80. Use the PC system 4 to select and analyze the calibration error. When the error result is less than 0.1, save the calibration parameters.

[0069] 4) Electric pulse stretching: Select the stretching process in PC system 4, the deformation rate is 0.1mm / s, import the sample information into PC system 4 (thickness 3mm, width 4mm), adjust the pointer of power system 1 to "0", select low-frequency high-peak pulse power supply, output voltage (12V), output current (2000A), pulse frequency (200Hz), pulse width (200μs), and set the number of frames in deformation system 3 and signal acquisition system 2 to 5 frames. After adjusting the parameters, use PC system 4 to run deformation system 3 and signal acquisition system 2 at the same time with one key.

[0070] 5) Data analysis: Open the data saved by the deformation system 3 and the signal acquisition system 2 from the PC system 4, and draw the stress-strain processing curve. Figure 4 As shown; open the image saved in the signal acquisition system 2, and use the PC system 4 to perform strain and load analysis on the workpiece in the three directions of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] A method for intelligent micro-area deformation mechanical properties visual analysis device during live material processing, comprising the following steps:

[0073] 1) Material preparation: Pure copper material is used to prepare a tensile and torsion sample using an electric spark cutting machine. Its specific dimensions are 39mm in total length, 8mm in inner diameter, 12mm in outer diameter, and 15mm in gauge length. Use 240#, 400#, 800#, and 2000# water-abrasive sandpaper to polish the three surfaces of the tensile and torsion sample clean, remove the surface oxide scale, oil stains, and residue, and then place it in anhydrous ethanol solution for ultrasonic cleaning. After about 5 minutes, dry it and prepare self-spraying chrome-plated environmentally friendly water paint (matte black, matte white).

[0074] 2) Workpiece marking: After the sample is dried, place it vertically and use a pressure nozzle to evenly spray matte white paint around the surface of the sample. The nozzle is 40 cm away from the sample, the spraying time is 3 min, the thickness of the white paint is 0.3 mm, and after natural air drying for 8 min, use the nozzle to randomly disperse the matte black paint in the form of particles on the surface of the white paint. The nozzle is 25 cm away from the workpiece, the black spot size is 0.2 mm, the black spot density is 70%, and it is naturally air-dried for 3 min.

[0075] 3) Workpiece loading and calibration: Select the torsion mold, fix the mold in the deformation mechanism and start loading the marked sample. After loading is completed, turn on the high-frequency camera 21 with a lens and a magnifying lens around the sample, the light source 23, and the thermal imaging camera 22. By adjusting the size of the light source 23, the aperture size and focal length of the rotating camera are adjusted to focus the image on the same observation surface, and the "cross-cross centering point" in the camera field of view is focused on the same position by adjusting the rotating seat 26 at the bottom. After the focus and centering are completed, use a self-made calibration plate (size 40*30mm, made of alumina. The number and spacing of the calibrated points are 9*7,5mm respectively) combined with a visual acquisition device to start calibrating the torsion sample. The number of calibration photos is 80. Use the PC system 4 to select and analyze the calibration error. When the error result is less than 0.1, save the calibration parameters.

[0076] 4) Electric pulse pulling and twisting: Select the pulling and twisting process in the PC system, the deformation rate is 0.1mm / s, import the sample information into the PC system (thickness 3mm, width 4mm), adjust the pointer of the power system 1 to "0", select the low-frequency high-peak pulse power supply, output voltage (12V), output current (2000A), pulse frequency (200Hz), pulse width (200μs), and set the number of frames in the deformation system 3 and the model acquisition system 2 to 5 frames. After adjusting the parameters, use the PC system 4 to run the deformation system and signal acquisition system at the same time with one key.

[0077] 5) Data analysis: Open the data saved by the deformation system 3 and the signal acquisition system 2 from the PC system 4, draw the stress-strain processing curve, open the image saved in the signal acquisition system 2, and use the PC system 4 to perform strain and load analysis on the three directions of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis of the workpiece.

[0078] Example 3

[0079] A method for visual analysis of intelligent micro-area deformation mechanical properties during live-electrode machining of materials, comprising the following steps:

[0080] 1) Material preparation: Pure copper material is used to prepare compressed samples using an electric spark cutting machine, with specific dimensions of 15 mm in height and 10 mm in diameter. The compressed sample surface is polished clean using 240#, 400#, 800#, and 2000# water-abrasive sandpaper to remove surface oxide scale, oil stains, and residues, and then placed in anhydrous ethanol solution for ultrasonic cleaning. After about 5 minutes, it is dried and self-spraying chrome-plated environmentally friendly water paint (matte black, matte white) is prepared.

[0081] 2) Workpiece marking: After the sample is dried, place it vertically and use a pressure nozzle to evenly spray matte white paint around the surface of the sample. The nozzle is 40 cm away from the sample, the spraying time is 3 min, the thickness of the white paint is 0.3 mm, and after natural air drying for 8 min, use the nozzle to randomly disperse the matte black paint in the form of particles on the surface of the white paint. The nozzle is 25 cm away from the workpiece, the black spot size is 0.2 mm, the black spot density is 70%, and it is naturally air-dried for 3 min.

[0082] 3) Workpiece loading and calibration: Select the compression mold, fix the mold in the deformation system 3, and start loading the marked sample. After loading, turn on the high-frequency camera 21 with a lens and a magnifying lens around the sample, the light source 23, and the thermal imaging camera 22. By adjusting the size of the light source 23, the aperture size and focal length of the rotating camera are adjusted to focus the image on the same observation surface, and the "cross-cross centering point" in the camera field of view is focused on the same position by adjusting the rotating seat 26 at the bottom. After the focus and centering are completed, the tensile sample is calibrated using a self-made calibration plate (size 40*30mm, material is alumina, the number and spacing of calibrated points are 9*7,5mm respectively) combined with a visual acquisition device. The number of calibration photos is 80. The calibration error is selected and analyzed using the PC system. When the error result is less than 0.1, the calibration parameters are saved.

[0083] 4) Electric pulse compression: Select compression process in PC system 4, deformation rate is 0.1mm / s, import sample information into PC system 4 (thickness 3mm, width 4mm), adjust the power system pointer to "0", select low-frequency high-peak pulse power supply, output voltage (12V), output current (2000A), pulse frequency (200Hz), pulse width (200μs), and set the number of frames in the deformation system and model acquisition system to 5 frames. After adjusting the parameters, use the PC system to run the deformation system and signal acquisition system at the same time with one button.

[0084] 5) Data analysis: Open the data saved by the deformation system 3 and the signal acquisition system 2 from the PC system 4, draw the stress-strain processing curve, open the image saved in the signal acquisition system 2, and use the PC system 4 to perform strain and load analysis on the three directions of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis of the workpiece.

[0085] Performance testing and analysis:

[0086] The strain and load analysis diagrams of the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis obtained in Example 1 are shown in FIG. Figures 5 to 8 As shown. Figures 5 to 7 It can be seen that during the stretching process, the material is subjected to balanced forces in the X and Y directions, and no obvious strain occurs, while obvious strain occurs in the Z direction. The strain in the Z direction is studied, and the results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the dark area is subjected to a significantly higher load than other areas. When the sample is damaged, it will occur in this area, indicating that the strain and load in this application are consistent with the treatment in Example 1. Therefore, this application can perform electric pulse heat treatment or electroplastic processing and deformation synchronous mechanical analysis, and can effectively record the mechanical behavior.

[0087] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for visual analysis of mechanical properties of intelligent micro-area deformation during live processing of materials, characterized in that: Including power supply system, signal acquisition system, deformation system, PC system; A power supply system, including a pulse power supply, an oscilloscope, and an electric signal regulator, is used to provide an electric field and a thermal field to the workpiece to be deformed; The signal acquisition system includes a visual acquisition device, a thermal imaging device, an operating table, a bracket, and a rotating seat; the visual acquisition device includes multiple sets of high-frequency cameras, lenses, and light sources with angle differences, and cooperates with the thermal imaging device to output the microscopic deformation behavior of the material in real time during the live processing process; The deformation system includes an axial displacement mechanism, a radial displacement mechanism, a mold, and a base, and is used to cause the material to deform in the axial and radial directions during live processing; PC system, used to convert the electrical signals and digital signals in the signal acquisition system into images, and to provide real-time feedback and analyze the entire deformation behavior; The pulse power supply of the power supply system includes a low-frequency high-peak pulse power supply and a high-frequency low-peak pulse power supply; Low-frequency, high-peak pulse power supply provides electroplastic effect for the workpiece to be deformed; High-frequency, low-peak pulse power supply provides a resistance heat source for the workpiece to be deformed; The oscilloscope of the power supply system is used to monitor the electrical signals of voltage, current, frequency, pulse width and duty cycle in real time; The electrical signal controller of the power supply system is used to select the type of pulse power supply and adjust the electrical signals of voltage, current, frequency, pulse width and duty cycle in real time; The power supply system also includes a DC power supply and an AC power supply; The visual acquisition device also includes a magnifier, and the magnifier and the lens are assembled on the high-frequency camera to form a high-frequency camera with a lens and a magnifier; the thermal imaging device is composed of a thermal imaging camera; the operating table is composed of two multi-grooved semicircular components; the high-frequency camera, thermal imaging camera, light source, and bracket are riveted and fixed on the operating table through a rotating seat and T-nuts, and are arranged around the deformation system; the high-frequency camera with a lens and a magnifier and the thermal imaging camera are both arranged toward the deformation surface of the workpiece to be deformed; The axial displacement mechanism and radial displacement mechanism in the deformation system are both connected to the power supply system; the mold includes a first mold and a second mold; the axial displacement mechanism and the radial displacement mechanism are connected through the first mold; the base is connected to the second mold, and the first mold and the second mold can detachably fix the workpiece to be deformed; a layer of black paint is attached to the surface of the deformation system.

2. The device for visual analysis of mechanical properties of micro-area deformation in live-electrode machining of materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The output voltage provided by the low-frequency high-peak pulse power supply is: 0~12V, continuously adjustable; the output current is: 0~5000A, continuously adjustable; the pulse frequency is 0~2000Hz, continuously adjustable; Pulse width: 0~400μs, continuously adjustable; the output voltage provided by the high-frequency low-peak pulse power supply is: 0~12V, continuously adjustable; Output current: 0~1000A, continuously adjustable; pulse frequency: 5000~24000Hz, continuously adjustable; Pulse width: 0~40μs, continuously adjustable.

3. The device for visual analysis of mechanical properties of intelligent micro-area deformation during live-electrode machining of materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The number of the high-frequency cameras with lenses and magnifiers and the number of light sources are both 2N; wherein N is the number of acquisition surfaces, and when the workpiece to be deformed is a square column, N can be 1, 2, 3, or 4; when the workpiece to be deformed is a cylinder, N can be 1 or 2; a thermal imaging camera is provided on one acquisition surface, and the high-frequency camera with lenses and magnifiers and the thermal imaging camera are connected via a synchronization trigger, and the synchronization trigger transmits the imaging data to the PC system in the form of an electrical signal.

4. A mechanical properties visual analysis method of the device for visual analysis of mechanical properties of intelligent micro-area deformation in live-electrode machining of materials as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step 1: Material preparation: The workpiece to be deformed is polished clean, the surface oxide scale, oil stains, and residues are removed, and then dried to prepare a self-spraying chrome-plated environmentally friendly water paint; wherein the chrome-plated environmentally friendly water paint includes matte black paint and matte white paint; Step 2: Workpiece marking: Spray matte white paint evenly on the surface of the sample with a thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm. After air-drying for 5-20 minutes, evenly disperse matte black paint on the surface of the white paint in the form of particles with a diameter of 0-2 mm. Air-dry for 5-20 minutes. Step 3: Workpiece loading and calibration: Select a mold of corresponding size and load the marked workpiece into the mold. Use a self-made calibration plate combined with a visual acquisition device to calibrate the workpiece. When the acquisition error is less than 0.1, save the calibration parameters. Step 4: Live processing: After selecting the power type and parameters, turn on the deformation system, set the deformation type, deformation rate and workpiece size in the PC system, and run the deformation system and information acquisition system at the same time; Step 5: Data analysis: Open the data saved by the deformation system and the information acquisition system respectively, draw the stress-strain processing curve, open the image saved in the information acquisition system, and use the PC system to perform strain and load analysis on the three directions of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis of the workpiece; Wherein, the workpiece to be processed is metal.

5. The method for visual analysis of mechanical properties of intelligent micro-area deformation during live-electrode machining of materials according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The type of deformation is any one of stretching, compression, torsion, pulling and twisting, and spinning, and the deformation rate is 0.01~10mm / s.

6. The method for visual analysis of mechanical properties of intelligent micro-area deformation during live-electrode machining of materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calibration plate has a size of 40×30mm and is made of aluminum oxide. The number and spacing of the calibration points are 9×7.5mm respectively. When the deformation type is stretching, the workpiece size is: total length 39mm, thickness 3mm, width 4mm, transition radius 12mm, and gauge length 15mm. When the deformation type is torsion or tension-twist, the workpiece size is: total length 39mm, inner diameter 8mm, outer diameter 12mm, and gauge length 15mm.

7. The method for visual analysis of mechanical properties of intelligent micro-area deformation during live-electrode machining of materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calibration plate has a size of 28×12 mm, is made of alumina, and has a number of calibrated points and a spacing of 8×5,3 mm respectively; and when the type of deformation is compression or spinning, the workpiece size is: 15 mm in height and 10 mm in diameter.

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