A cultivation method for early-fruiting and high-yielding Dongshi Zaoyu
By using crude lemon as rootstock and implementing detailed management methods for young and fruit-bearing trees, the problems of late fruit-bearing and late production of Dongshi Early Pomelo fruits were solved, and early harvesting and economic benefits were achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202211638711.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-14
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-12-20
AI Technical Summary
Dongshi Early Pomelo started to bear fruit 4 to 5 years after planting, and it was late to start production and a large amount of funds were required in the early stage, which made it difficult to solve the key technologies for early harvest and high yield.
Coarse lemons are used as rootstocks, and specific young tree management and fruit tree management methods include applying ternary compound fertilizer multiple times, applying rotten farm fertilizer in winter, retaining strong branches, pruning the crown, regular irrigation and fertilization, and pest control.
It has achieved fruit harvest in the early second year after Dongshi Early Pomelo planting and achieved high yields in the third year, and early fruit recovery and economic benefits. At the same time, it has reduced the number and quantity of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and saved costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN115804314B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for early-fruiting and high-yield Dongshi Zaoyou. Background Art
[0002] Dongshi Zaoyu is an early-maturing and excellent variety selected from a batch of variant individuals of pomelo seedlings. It is a kind of white-fleshed honey pomelo. Dongshi Zaoyu has rich flesh, rich juice, moderate sweetness and sourness, good taste, and high nutritional value. In Ruili, Dehong, Dongshi Zaoyu matures in September and October, and is a good gift for relatives and friends around the Mid-Autumn Festival. According to statistics from the Ruili City Pomelo Association, as of 2022, the city's planting area has reached 1,400 hm 2 , the fruit bearing area reaches 500hm 2 , with an annual output of 10,000 tons and a total output value of more than 60 million yuan. In recent years, the retail price of Dongshi Zaoyou has remained at 16 to 25 yuan per piece, with high economic benefits and exponential growth in the cultivation area.
[0003] Grafting is used for propagation, and most of the water and nutrients are absorbed by the root system of the rootstock. Different types of rootstocks have different resistance to acid and alkali, barrenness, drought, low temperature, pests and diseases, and different absorption capacity for different nutrients, which in turn affects the vitality of the root system and the ability of the pomelo to absorb fertilizer. The same pomelo scion variety, different rootstock varieties, will lead to different characteristics of the pomelo's adaptability to the environment, growth potential, and flowering and fruiting.
[0004] However, Dongshi Zaoyu planted with conventional rootstock varieties such as sour pomelo only starts to bear fruit 4 to 5 years after planting, which means it is late to start production and requires a lot of capital investment in the early stage. Therefore, it is necessary to change the existing Dongshi Zaoyu rootstock varieties and production management methods to solve the key technology of early fruiting and high yield of Dongshi Zaoyu, which is a technical measure for fruit farmers to increase and meet their income needs in advance. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of Dongshi Zaoyou. The pomelo starts to bear fruit in the second year after planting and reaches high yield in the third year, so as to solve the problems of late fruiting, late production and large initial investment of Dongshi Zaoyou.
[0006] The present invention provides a method for cultivating Dongshi Zaoyu early and high-yield pomelo, comprising the following steps: sequentially backfilling a mixture of straw and / or weeds, decomposed farmyard manure, phosphate fertilizer and topsoil into a planting ditch or planting hole to a height above the ground, and planting a grafted Dongshi Zaoyu seedling; the grafted seedling uses a coarse lemon as a rootstock;
[0007] After the grafted seedlings survive, they will be managed as young trees and fruit bearing trees;
[0008] The sapling management includes: applying three-element compound fertilizer to each tree several times, and the amount of the three-element compound fertilizer applied each time increases by 10-20%; applying 20-30kg of decomposed farmyard manure per plant once in winter; and retaining 3-4 strong branches above 60cm of the main trunk, removing the top of the branches, and forming a high-yield crown;
[0009] The management of fruit-bearing trees includes: irrigating once every 15 to 20 days during the flower bud differentiation period, budding period and flowering period every year; fertilizing once after the pomelo fruit is harvested, after the flowers fade, during the fruit expansion period and the fruit growth period; and winter pruning after the fruit is harvested.
[0010] Preferably, the specifications of the planting trench or planting hole are: 80 to 100 cm in width and 60 to 80 cm in depth.
[0011] Preferably, during the backfilling, the amount of decomposed farmyard manure is 30-50 kg / planting hole, and the amount of phosphate fertilizer is 1.0-2.0 kg / planting hole, and the mixture of decomposed farmyard manure, phosphate fertilizer and topsoil is backfilled until it is 30 cm above the ground.
[0012] Preferably, the planting row spacing of the grafted seedlings is (4-6) m×(5-7) m.
[0013] Preferably, when managing the saplings, the ternary compound fertilizer includes a high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer, and the high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is 16-6-8 in terms of the mass of N, P2O5 and K2O;
[0014] The high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is applied 8 to 10 times in total, with the first application amount being 20 g / plant.
[0015] Preferably, when managing the fruit-bearing trees, fertilizer is applied in a fertilizer ditch, which is a fertilizer ditch dug at the drip line of the diagonal of the tree body, and the position is changed once a year.
[0016] Preferably, the fertilization during the management of the fruit-bearing trees includes: applying a warm winter fertilizer in the fertilization ditch after the pomelo fruits are harvested, including burying the pruned branches and leaves, and applying 30-50 kg of organic fertilizer, 1-2 kg of balanced triple compound fertilizer and 1-2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphorus per tree;
[0017] After the flowers have faded, apply fruit-stabilizing fertilizer once in the fertilizer ditch, including 0.5-0.8 kg of balanced triple compound fertilizer per plant;
[0018] Apply fruit-enlarging fertilizer once in the fertilizer ditch during the fruit enlargement period, including applying 1.0-1.5 kg of high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer per plant;
[0019] Apply fruit-enhancing fertilizer once in the fertilizer ditch during the fruit-enhancing period, including applying 1.5-2.0 kg of high-potassium triple compound fertilizer per plant;
[0020] The balanced ternary compound fertilizer is 15-15-15 based on the mass of N, P2O5 and K2O, and the high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is 16-8-20 based on the mass of N, P2O5 and K2O.
[0021] Preferably, when applying warm winter fertilizer, dig a deep trench with a length of 1.0-1.5m, a width of 0.3-0.4m, and a depth of 0.4-0.5m below the drip line of each tree crown in the east-west or north-south direction, bury the pruned branches and leaves at the bottom of the trench, and mix the fertilizers with soil and backfill them into the trench, and then cover the surface with soil;
[0022] When applying fruit-stabilizing fertilizer, dig a shallow trench 1-1.5m long, 0.1-0.15m wide, and 0.05-0.1m deep in the east-west or north-south direction below the drip line of each tree crown, spread the fertilizer into the shallow trench, mix it with the soil in the trench, and then cover it with soil;
[0023] When applying fruit-swelling fertilizer, dig a shallow trench 1-1.5m long, 0.1-0.15m wide, and 0.05-0.1m deep below the drip line of each tree crown and in the opposite direction of the fruit-stabilizing fertilizer. Sprinkle the fertilizer into the trench, mix it with the soil in the trench, and cover it with soil. When applying fruit-strengthening fertilizer, dig a shallow trench 1-1.5m long, 0.1-0.15m wide, and 0.05-0.1m deep below the drip line of each tree crown and in the opposite direction of the fruit-stabilizing fertilizer. Sprinkle the fertilizer into the trench, mix it with the soil in the trench, and cover it with soil.
[0024] Preferably, pest and disease control is included during the management of young trees and fruit-bearing trees.
[0025] Preferably, winter pruning is performed after the fruit is harvested. The principles of pruning include: heavy on top and light on the bottom, heavy on the outside and light on the inside, pruning overgrown branches, upright branches and diseased and insect-infested branches, thinning out overcrowded branch groups, and leaving medium-growing strong branches and flat, drooping fruiting branches.
[0026] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method for cultivating Dongshi Zaoyou for early fruiting and high yield, using coarse lemon as a rootstock, and providing a complete management method from grafted seedlings to young trees and fruit-bearing trees, making full use of the influence of coarse lemon on the pomelo tree, and compared with the traditional grafting with sour pomelo rootstock, it can bloom and bear fruit earlier and increase the yield of pomelo, reduce capital investment, and improve economic benefits. Specifically, by adopting the cultivation method of the present invention, the pomelo will begin to bear fruit (10 to 20 per plant) in the second year after planting, and reach high yield (30 to 40 per plant) in the third year, which can bear fruit earlier and generate economic benefits earlier; and the method of the present invention can reduce the number and amount of fertilizers and pesticides used, saving costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.
[0028] Figure 1 The fruiting conditions of Dongshi Zaoyou in the third year of the cultivation method of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 2 This is the fruiting situation of Dongshi Zaoyou in the third year of the cultivation method of comparative example 1;
[0030] Figure 3 This is the fruiting situation of Dongshi Zaoyou in the third year of cultivation method of comparative example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] The present invention provides a method for cultivating Dongshi Zaoyu early and high-yield pomelo, comprising the following steps: sequentially backfilling a mixture of straw and / or weeds, decomposed farmyard manure, phosphate fertilizer and topsoil into a planting ditch or planting hole to a height above the ground, and planting a grafted Dongshi Zaoyu seedling; the grafted seedling uses a coarse lemon as a rootstock;
[0032] After the grafted seedlings survive, they will be managed as young trees and fruit bearing trees;
[0033] The sapling management includes: applying three-element compound fertilizer to each tree several times, and the amount of the three-element compound fertilizer applied each time increases by 10-20%; applying 20-30kg / tree of decomposed farmyard manure once in winter; and retaining 3-4 strong branches above 60cm of the main trunk, removing the top of the branches, and forming a high-yield crown;
[0034] The management of fruit-bearing trees includes: irrigating once every 15 to 20 days during the flower bud differentiation period, budding period and flowering period every year; fertilizing once after the pomelo fruit is harvested, after the flowers fade, during the fruit expansion period and the fruit growth period; and winter pruning after the fruit is harvested.
[0035] The grafted seedlings of the present invention use the coarse lemon as the rootstock, and the grafting can be carried out when the diameter of the coarse lemon seedlings at a height of 15 cm above the ground reaches 0.5 cm or more. The grafting method preferably includes the single bud grafting method, and the seedlings are transplanted when the height reaches 50 to 60 cm 60 to 90 days after grafting. The cultivation process of the coarse lemon seedlings of the present invention preferably includes: harvesting the coarse lemon fruits when they are fully mature, sowing the seeds after rinsing, and transplanting them into a planting bag when the seedlings grow to 8 to 10 cm. The planting bag is 35 cm high, 12.5 cm wide, and 12.5 cm in diameter at the bottom. The present invention does not specifically limit the specific operation method of the single bud grafting method, and conventional methods in the art can be used.
[0036] The present invention transplants and plants the grafted seedlings that have been taken out of the nursery. The planting spacing of the grafted seedlings is (4-6)m×(5-7)m. The specific planting density is slightly different according to the different garden construction sites, such as sloping land or terraced fields are planted according to the spacing × row spacing of 4-5m×5-6m, and flat land is planted according to the spacing × row spacing of 5-6m×6-7m. The present invention preferably plants the grafted seedlings in planting furrows or planting holes. The specifications of the planting furrows or planting holes are preferably: 80-100cm wide and 60-80cm deep, and a mixture of base fertilizer and backfill soil and fertilizer is placed in the planting furrows or planting holes, and the backfill is 30cm above the ground. The present invention preferably puts straw, weeds, etc. at the bottom of the planting furrows or planting holes, and then applies a mixture of decomposed farmyard manure, phosphate fertilizer and topsoil. The present invention does not specifically limit the amount of straw, weeds, etc., and can be put in according to the actual situation, which can be more or less, and the purpose is to loosen the soil.
[0037] The present invention takes the planting hole as an example to illustrate the backfill amount of the mixture, and applies 30-50 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 1.0-2.0 kg of phosphate fertilizer to each hole; the specific amount of the planting ditch is based on the number of plantings, and each plant is calculated and added according to two to three planting holes. The present invention plants the grafted seedlings on a small earth bag higher than the planting hole or planting ditch, and when planting, the seedlings are straightened, and special attention is paid to not planting too deep, and the grafting port must not be buried in the soil.
[0038] The present invention starts sapling management in the year after planting, and starts fruit-bearing tree management in the second year. The sapling management preferably includes fertilizer and water management, pruning and shaping, and disease and insect pest control; the fruit-bearing tree management preferably includes water management, fertilization management, pruning and shaping, and disease and insect pest control.
[0039] During the management of young trees in the present invention, the fertilizer and water management preferably includes observing the seedlings after planting, keeping the soil moist, and not too dry (soil moisture content 60-80%); after the pomelo seedlings survive, the young trees are mainly fertilized with high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizers, and fertilized 8-10 times throughout the year in the first year of planting, and the amount of fertilizer is gradually increased by 10-20% from the initial 20g per plant. The compound fertilizers referred to in the present invention are all ternary compound fertilizers (N-P2O5-K2O), and the ratio of the so-called balanced compound fertilizer is 15-15-15, the ratio of high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is 16-6-8, and the ratio of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is 16-8-20. The pruning of young trees in the present invention preferably includes retaining 3-4 strong branches above 60cm of the main trunk, erasing the top tips of the branches, promoting the growth of lateral buds, and forming a high-yield crown. During the young tree stage, when carrying out disease and pest control, it is necessary to spray pesticides according to the occurrence characteristics of various diseases and insects. From March to May, spray veratrine (1000-1500 times) + mineral oil (150-200 times) + mancozeb (600-800 times) twice continuously to control mites, and combine with the control of other pests; from July to September, spray highly effective chlorflucythrinate (1000-1500 times) + spirotetramat (2500-3000 times) + thiophanate-methyl (600-800 times) 2-3 times continuously to control, thrips, leaf miners, scale insects, etc., and also control swallowtail butterflies, anthrax, etc.; in December, spray mineral oil (150-200 times) + copper oxychloride (800-1000 times) + mancozeb (600-800 times) again to clean the garden.
[0040] The present invention enters the fruit-bearing tree management in the second year after transplanting and planting. The water management here preferably includes: it is not suitable to irrigate the grapefruit tree in a large area during the flower bud differentiation period (water content 40-50%), the budding period (water content 60-70%), and the flowering period (water content 60-80%), otherwise it will cause a large number of flowers and fruits to fall off, but it cannot be too dry, and micro-spraying or drip irrigation can be performed every 15-20 days. After flowering, when the young fruit is firmly seated, it is necessary to irrigate to keep the soil moist (water content 70-80%). No irrigation is required in the rainy season, and attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging prevention. In September and October, the harvest period comes, and irrigation is stopped to keep the soil moisture dry to promote the conversion of grapefruit sugar. The fertilization of the fruit-bearing trees of the present invention is slightly different from that of young trees. A fertilizer ditch with a width of 30 to 40 cm and a depth of 30 to 40 cm needs to be dug outward from the drip line of the diagonal line of the tree body (the diagonal line is changed every year). For example, after the pomelo fruit is harvested, generally from mid-November to mid-December, a warm-keeping winter fertilizer is applied once, the pruned branches and leaves are buried, and 30 to 50 kg of organic fertilizer + 1 to 2 kg of balanced compound fertilizer + 1 to 2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied, which are fully mixed with the soil and then buried in the fertilizer ditch; after the flowers fade (mid-to-late April), a fruit-stabilizing fertilizer is applied once, 0.5 to 0.8 kg of balanced compound fertilizer; during the fruit expansion period (May), 1.0 to 1.5 kg of high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is applied once; during the fruit growth period (June), 1.5 to 2.0 kg of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied once. For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, the pruned branches and leaves are buried in a trench 1.0-1.5m long, 0.3-0.4m wide, and 0.4-0.5m deep, dug in an east-west or north-south direction under the drip line of each tree crown, and then the pruned branches and leaves are buried in the bottom of the trench; the warm winter fertilizer is 30-50kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1.0-2.0kg of balanced compound fertilizer, and 1.0-2.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per plant, which are fully mixed with the soil and buried in the fertilizer trench; the fruit-stabilizing fertilizer is a shallow trench 1.0-1.5m long, 0.1-0.15m wide, and 0.05-0.1m deep, dug in an east-west or north-south direction under the drip line of each tree crown, and buried in the shallow trench. Sprinkle 0.5-0.8kg of balanced compound fertilizer inside the tree, mix it with soil and cover it; for fruit-enlarging fertilizer, apply it under the drip line of each tree crown and in the opposite direction of the fruit-stabilizing fertilizer. Dig a shallow trench 1.0-1.5m long, 0.1-0.15m wide, and 0.05-0.1m deep, and spread 1-1.5kg of high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer into the trench, mix it with the soil, and then cover it with soil; for fruit-strengthening fertilizer, apply it under the drip line of each tree crown and in the opposite direction of the fruit-stabilizing fertilizer. Dig a shallow trench 1.0-1.5m long, 0.1-0.15m wide, and 0.05-0.1m deep, and spread 1.5-2.0kg of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer into the trench, mix it with the soil, and then cover it with soil.
[0041] During the period of fruit trees, the pruning and shaping of the present invention preferably includes winter pruning after fruit picking. The pruning principle is heavy on the top and light on the bottom, heavy on the outside and light on the inside. Pruning of long branches, upright branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, thinning out overcrowded branch groups, leaving strong branches with medium growth and flat and drooping fruiting branches. And when carrying out pest control, spraying and prevention should be carried out according to the occurrence characteristics of various pests and diseases. Before flowering (February to April), spray veratridine (1000-1500 times) + mineral oil (150-200 times) + mancozeb (600-800 times) twice continuously, mainly to control mites, and at the same time combine to control other pests; during the young fruit stage (May to June), spray high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate (1000-1500 times) + imidacloprid (5000-6000 times) + thiophanate-methyl (600-800 times) continuously. From July to September, spray imidacloprid (5000-6000 times) + spirotetramat (2500-3000 times) + thiophanate-methyl (600-800 times) 2-3 times to control rust mites, thrips, leaf miners, and swallowtail butterflies and anthrax; in winter, spray mineral oil (150-200 times) + copper oxychloride (800-1000 times) + mancozeb (600-800 times) once to clean the garden.
[0042] The content of P2O5 in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer of the present invention is preferably ≥18%, and the organic fertilizer is preferably poultry and livestock manure, or a mixture of poultry and livestock manure and cake fertilizer. In the present invention, the fungicide and insecticide used in the chemical prevention and control of orchard pests and diseases are purchased and sold on the market, and are pesticides that meet the national pesticide safety use standards.
[0043] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a cultivation method for early fruiting and high yielding of Dongshi Zaoyou provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0044] Example 1
[0045] (1) Seedling cultivation
[0046] a. Rootstock selection: Use thick lemon as the rootstock variety;
[0047] b. Cultivation of rootstock seedlings: harvest the coarse lemon fruits when they are fully mature, rinse the seeds and sow them, transplant them into planting bags when the seedlings grow to 8-10 cm, and graft them when the diameter of the coarse lemon at a height of 15 cm above the ground reaches more than 0.5 cm;
[0048] c. Grafted seedling cultivation: Dongshi Zaoyu is used as the scion variety for grafting, and the single bud grafting method is adopted. The seedlings can be transplanted when the plant height reaches 50-60cm 60-90 days after grafting;
[0049] (2) Transplanting and planting
[0050] a. Planting density: 4m×5m;
[0051] b. Dig planting trenches: Dig planting trenches 80cm wide and 60cm deep;
[0052] c. Add basal fertilizer and backfill soil: Put 30cm of straw and weeds at the bottom of the hole, then apply 40kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 1.0kg of phosphate fertilizer to each hole, mix the fertilizer with the topsoil thoroughly and backfill it above the straw and weeds, with a backfill height of 60cm;
[0053] d. Planting method: When planting, straighten the seedlings and pay special attention not to plant too deep. The grafting point must not be buried in the soil.
[0054] (3) Management of young trees after planting
[0055] a. Fertilizer and water management: After planting, pay attention to observe the seedlings and keep the soil moist, not too dry (soil moisture content 60-80%); After the pomelo seedlings survive, the young trees are mainly fertilized with high-nitrogen compound fertilizers. In the first year of planting, fertilize 8 times a year, and the amount of fertilizer is gradually increased by 20% from 20g per plant at the beginning;
[0056] b. Pruning and shaping: keep 3 to 4 strong branches above 60 cm on the main trunk, remove the top of the branches, promote the growth of side buds, and form a high-yield crown;
[0057] c. Disease and pest control: spraying should be carried out according to the occurrence characteristics of various diseases and insects. From March to May, spray veratrine (1000-1500 times) + mineral oil (1000-1500 times) + mancozeb (600-800 times) twice continuously to control mites, and combine with the control of other pests; from July to September, spray high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate (1000-1500 times) + spirotetramat (2500-3000 times) + thiophanate-methyl (600-800 times) 2-3 times continuously to control thrips, leaf miners, scale insects, etc., and also control swallowtail butterflies, anthrax, etc.; in December, spray mineral oil (150-200 times) + copper oxychloride (800-1000 times) + mancozeb (600-800 times) again to clean the garden.
[0058] (4) Management of fruit-bearing trees
[0059] a. Water management: It is not advisable to irrigate the pomelo tree on a large scale during the flower bud differentiation, budding and flowering periods, otherwise it will cause a large number of flowers and fruits to fall. However, it should not be too dry either. Micro-spraying or drip irrigation can be carried out every 15 to 20 days. After flowering, when the young fruits are firmly planted, watering is required to keep the soil moist. No watering is required in the rainy season, and attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging prevention. The harvest period is from September to October. Keep the soil dry to promote the conversion of sugar in the pomelo fruit.
[0060] b. Fertilization management: After the pomelo is harvested, generally from mid-November to mid-December, dig a fertilizer ditch 30-40 cm wide and 30-40 cm deep at the drip line of the diagonal of the tree (change the diagonal every year), apply warm-wintering fertilizer once, bury the pruned branches and leaves, and then apply 30-50 kg of organic fertilizer + 1-2 kg of balanced compound fertilizer + 1-2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. After fully mixing with the soil, bury it in the fertilizer ditch, and cover it with soil to apply warm-wintering fertilizer; apply fruit-stabilizing fertilizer once after the flowers fade (mid-to-late April), 0.5-0.8 kg of balanced ternary compound fertilizer; apply 1.0-1.5 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer once during the fruit expansion period (May); apply 1.5-2.0 kg of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer once during the fruit growth period (June).
[0061] Specifically:
[0062] The pruned branches and leaves are buried in an east-west or north-south direction under the drip line of each tree crown. Depending on the size of the tree crown, a ditch 1.0 to 1.5 m long, 30 to 40 cm wide, and 30 to 40 cm deep is dug, and the pruned branches and leaves are buried at the bottom of the ditch.
[0063] The winter fertilizer is to dig a fertilizer ditch with a width of 0.3-0.4m and a depth of 0.3-0.4m from the drip line of the diagonal of the tree in the east-west or north-south direction under the drip line of each tree crown, and a length of 1.0-1.5m according to the size of the tree crown; apply 40kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer, and 1.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each tree, mix them with the soil and fill them into the fertilizer ditch. Mix the fertilizers and mix them with soil and fill them into the ditch, and then cover the surface with soil.
[0064] To apply fruit-stabilizing fertilizer, dig a shallow trench 1.0-1.5m long, 0.1-0.15m wide, and 0.05-0.1m deep in the east-west or north-south direction under the drip line of each tree crown, spread 0.8kg of balanced compound fertilizer in the shallow trench, mix it with the soil in the trench, and then cover it with soil.
[0065] The fruit-swelling fertilizer should be applied in the opposite direction of the fruit-stabilizing fertilizer below the drip line of each tree crown. Dig a shallow trench 1.0-1.5m long, 0.1-0.15m wide, and 0.05-0.1m deep. Sprinkle 1.0kg of high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer into the shallow trench, mix it with the soil in the trench, and then cover it with soil.
[0066] The fruit-strengthening fertilizer is applied in the opposite direction of the fruit-stabilizing fertilizer below the drip line of each tree crown. Dig a shallow trench 1.0-1.5m long, 0.1-0.15m wide, and 0.05-0.1m deep, spread 1.5kg of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer into the shallow trench, mix it with the soil in the trench, and then cover it with soil.
[0067] c. Pruning and shaping: Winter pruning is carried out after the fruit is harvested. The pruning principle is heavy on the top and light on the bottom, heavy on the outside and light on the inside. Prune the overgrown branches, upright branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, thin out the overcrowded branches, and leave medium-growing strong branches and flat, drooping fruiting branches.
[0068] d. Disease and pest control: spraying should be carried out according to the occurrence characteristics of various diseases and pests. Before flowering (February to April), spray veratrine (1000-1500 times) + mineral oil (150-200 times) + mancozeb (600-800 times) twice continuously to control mites, and combine with control of other pests; in the young fruit stage (May to June), spray high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate (1000-1500 times) + imidacloprid (5000-6000 times) + thiophanate-methyl (600-800 times) continuously. ) 2 times, mainly for the prevention and control of thrips, leaf miners, scale insects, etc., combined with the prevention and control of other pests; from July to September, continuously spray imidacloprid (5000-6000 times) + spirotetramat (2500-3000 times) + thiophanate-methyl (600-800 times) 2-3 times, to prevent and control rust mites, thrips, leaf miners, mainly, and swallowtail butterflies, anthracnose, etc.; in winter, spray mineral oil (150-200 times) + copper oxychloride (800-1000 times) + mancozeb (600-800 times) once for garden cleaning.
[0069] Except for the different rootstock varieties, the other seedling propagation, transplanting and cultivation conditions were the same. Nine plants were selected for each treatment for measurement, with three replicates. The yield was counted in the second to third year after transplanting ( Figures 1 to 3 ), the results are shown in Tables 1-2. In addition, in the third year after planting, 9 fruits were selected from each treatment (1 fruit from each lemon rootstock, and at least 1 fruit from each fruit-bearing tree from the sour pomelo rootstock and the fructus aurantii rootstock) for fruit quality measurement (the data were averaged), and the results are shown in Table 3.
[0070] Comparative Example 1 uses sour pomelo as the rootstock.
[0071] Comparative Example 2 used Fructus Aurantii Immaturus as the rootstock.
[0072] Table 1 Effects of different rootstocks on Dongshi Zaoyu yield (second year after planting)
[0073]
[0074] Table 2 Effects of different rootstocks on Dongshi Zaoyu yield (3rd year after planting)
[0075]
[0076] Table 3 Effects of different rootstocks on Dongshi Zaoyu fruit quality (third year after planting)
[0077]
[0078] In summary, the traditional sour pomelo rootstock Dongshi Zao pomelo begins to bear fruit after 3-4 years of cultivation, with 0-5 fruits per plant. However, with this technology, 10-20 fruits per plant are produced in the second year, and 30-40 fruits per plant are produced in the third year, which is 25-35 more per plant than the traditional cultivation. The single fruit weight of the mature Dongshi Zao pomelo in Example 1 is moderate, the pomelo peel is thin and smooth; the flesh is fine and slag-free, the solid-acid ratio is high, and the taste and flavor are excellent.
[0079] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for cultivating Dongshi Zaoyu early and high yield, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The planting trench or planting hole is backfilled with a mixture of straw and / or weeds, decomposed farmyard manure, phosphate fertilizer and topsoil in sequence until it is above the ground, and the grafted seedlings of Dongshi Zaoyu are planted; the grafted seedlings use coarse lemon as the rootstock; After the grafted seedlings survive, they will be managed as young trees and fruit bearing trees; The sapling management includes: applying ternary compound fertilizer to each tree for multiple times, and the amount of the ternary compound fertilizer applied each time increases by 10-20% in sequence; applying 20-30kg / tree of decomposed farmyard manure once in winter; and retaining 3-4 strong branches above 60cm of the main trunk, removing the top of the branches, and forming a high-yield crown; when managing the saplings, the ternary compound fertilizer includes high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer, and the high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is 16-6-8 in terms of the mass of N, P2O5 and K2O; the high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is applied 8-10 times in total, and the first application amount is 20g / tree; The management of the fruit-bearing trees includes: irrigating once every 15 to 20 days during the flower bud differentiation period, budding period and flowering period each year; fertilizing once after the pomelo fruit is harvested, after the flowers wither, during the fruit expansion period and the fruiting period; winter pruning after the fruit is harvested; when managing the fruit-bearing trees, fertilizing in the fertilizer ditch, which is a fertilizer ditch dug at the drip line of the diagonal line of the tree body, and the position is changed once a year; The fertilization during the management of the fruit-bearing trees includes: applying a warm winter fertilizer in the fertilization ditch after the pomelo fruits are harvested, including burying the pruned branches and leaves, and applying 30-50 kg of organic fertilizer, 1-2 kg of balanced triple compound fertilizer and 1-2 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus per tree; After the flowers have faded, apply fruit-stabilizing fertilizer once in the fertilizer ditch, including 0.5-0.8 kg of balanced triple compound fertilizer per plant; Apply fruit-enlarging fertilizer once in the fertilizer ditch during the fruit enlargement period, including applying 1.0-1.5 kg of high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer per plant; Apply fruit-enhancing fertilizer once in the fertilizer ditch during the fruit-enhancing period, including applying 1.5-2.0 kg of high-potassium triple compound fertilizer per plant; The balanced ternary compound fertilizer is 15-15-15 based on the mass of N, P2O5 and K2O, and the high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is 16-8-20 based on the mass of N, P2O5 and K2O; When applying warm winter fertilizer, dig a deep trench with a length of 1.0-1.5m, a width of 0.3-0.4m, and a depth of 0.4-0.5m below the drip line of each tree crown in the east-west or north-south direction, bury the pruned branches and leaves at the bottom of the trench, and mix the fertilizers with soil and backfill them into the trench, and then cover the surface with soil; when backfilling, the amount of decomposed farmyard manure is 30-50kg / planting hole, and the amount of phosphate fertilizer is 1.0-2.0kg / planting hole, and the mixture of decomposed farmyard manure, phosphate fertilizer and topsoil is backfilled to 30cm above the ground; When applying fruit-stabilizing fertilizer, dig a shallow trench 1-1.5m long, 0.1-0.15m wide, and 0.05-0.1m deep in the east-west or north-south direction below the drip line of each tree crown, spread the fertilizer into the shallow trench, mix it with the soil in the trench, and then cover it with soil; When applying fruit-swelling fertilizer, dig a shallow trench 1-1.5m long, 0.1-0.15m wide, and 0.05-0.1m deep below the drip line of each tree crown and in the opposite direction of the fruit-stabilizing fertilizer. Sprinkle the fertilizer into the shallow trench, mix it with the soil in the trench, and then cover it with soil. When applying fruit-strengthening fertilizer, dig a shallow trench 1-1.5m long, 0.1-0.15m wide, and 0.05-0.1m deep below the drip line of each tree crown and in the opposite direction of the fruit-stabilizing fertilizer. Sprinkle the fertilizer into the shallow trench, mix it with the soil in the trench, and then cover it with soil. Winter pruning is carried out after the fruit is harvested. The principles of pruning include: heavy on top and light on the bottom, heavy on the outside and light on the inside. Prune overgrown branches, upright branches and diseased and insect-infested branches, thin out overcrowded branch groups, and leave strong branches with medium growth and flat, drooping fruiting branches.
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specifications of the planting trench or planting hole are: 80-100 cm in width and 60-80 cm in depth.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting row spacing of the grafted seedlings is (4-6) m×(5-7) m.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the management of young trees and fruit-bearing trees, pest and disease control are included.