A multi-purpose manned submersible jettisoning device and jettisoning method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-purpose manned submersible jettisoning device and a jettisoning method thereof, comprising a base, wherein a plurality of inserts are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction in the base, and a ballast assembly is installed in the base from bottom to top, wherein the ballast assembly comprises a small ballast and a large ballast which are nested inside and outside, and the small ballast is mounted and supported inside the large ballast, and each individual insert is radially inserted into the end of the large ballast extending into the base, and the large ballast is supported on the base and relatively fixed through the insertion of the inserts; the present invention also comprises a power mechanism, which drives a plurality of inserts to move radially inward or radially outward synchronously, and the inserts which move radially inward will release the mounting support of the large ballast for the small ballast, and the inserts which move radially outward will separate from the large ballast and release the support of the base for the large ballast; thus, different forms of jettisoning of the ballast assembly can be realized by moving the inserts in different directions, and the overall structure is simplified, compact and ingenious, and easy to use, which greatly meets the needs of diving and buoyancy and emergency jettisoning of the submersible.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of submersibles, in particular to a multi-purpose manned submersible jettisoning device and a jettisoning method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Manned submersibles are key technical equipment for deep-sea exploration and development, and are mainly used for tasks such as underwater resource exploration, seabed scientific research, and marine life and mineral sampling.

[0003] Manned submersibles carry limited energy and generally achieve the functions of diving and surfacing in an unpowered manner. When the submersible dives, it achieves negative buoyancy diving because its own weight is greater than its buoyancy; when the submersible dives to a location close to the scheduled operation, it usually discards the diving ballast through a set of jettisoning devices to make the underwater weight of the submersible approximately balanced with its own buoyancy; when the submersible completes the operation and needs to surface, it discards the surfacing ballast through another set of jettisoning devices to make the underwater weight of the submersible less than its own buoyancy, achieving positive buoyancy surfacing. In addition, when the submersible cannot jettison normally or there is a dangerous situation, another emergency jettisoning device is required to complete the jettisoning function.

[0004] In the prior art, a manned submersible is equipped with a set of dedicated dumping devices for diving and surfacing, respectively, for dumping ballast in diving and surfacing, and emergency dumping is performed by another actuator. In other words, various dumping devices of existing submersibles require more than two or more actuators when dumping ballast, and the system is highly complex. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings in the above-mentioned existing production technology, the applicant provides a multi-purpose manned submersible jettisoning device and a jettisoning method with a rational structure, thereby realizing different forms of jettisoning of ballast components. The overall structure is simplified, compact and ingenious, and easy to use, which greatly meets the needs of diving and surfacing of the submersible and emergency jettisoning.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A multi-purpose manned submersible jettisoning device comprises a base, wherein a plurality of inserts are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction in the base, and a ballast assembly is installed in the base extending from the bottom to the top, wherein the ballast assembly comprises a small ballast and a large ballast nested inside and outside, wherein the small ballast is mounted and supported inside the large ballast, and each individual insert is radially inserted into the end of the large ballast extending into the base, and the large ballast is supported on the base and relatively fixed through the insertion of the inserts; and a power mechanism is also included, which drives the plurality of inserts to move radially inward or radially outward synchronously, wherein the inserts moving radially inward will release the mounting support of the large ballast for the small ballast, and the inserts moving radially outward will separate from the large ballast and release the support of the base for the large ballast.

[0008] As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

[0009] The large ballast is axially penetrated with a vertically arranged center hole, the center hole includes an upper large hole portion, and a step surface is formed between the bottom end of the large hole portion and the small hole portion below; the top end of the small ballast is laterally extended to form a hanging portion, and after the hanging portion of the small ballast passes through the small hole portion from bottom to top, the small ballast rotates relative to the large ballast with the axial direction as the center, so that the bottom surface of the hanging portion is in contact with the step surface to achieve hanging; radial holes for inserting plugs are penetrated on the circumferential wall surface of the large hole portion, and the inner end of the plug is facing the hanging portion of the small ballast.

[0010] The large ballast small hole portion and the small ballast mounting portion are arranged as rectangular structures with matching sizes. After the mounting portion passes upward through the small hole portion, it rotates along with the small ballast, so that the mounting portion is staggered relative to the circumferential position of the small hole portion and is mounted on the step surface; the inner end of the plug facing the small ballast is arranged as an outward convex arc structure.

[0011] The large ballast includes a large ballast body, the top surface of which extends upward with a boss that extends into the base and is inserted into the insert; the small ballast includes a small ballast body, the top surface of which is connected with a hanging part via a neck, and the cross-sectional size of the neck is smaller than the cross-sectional size of the hanging part.

[0012] It also includes an intermediate disk with an annular structure, wherein slots for inserting inserts are provided along the radial inside and outside of the intermediate disk, a single insert has a boss extending upward on the top surface or downward on the bottom surface, and a radial groove for the boss to pass through and move is provided on the intermediate disk; driving disks with the same annular structure are stacked above and below the intermediate disk, and the driving disks are provided with guide grooves for the boss to insert and move, and an angle is formed between the guide grooves and the radial direction; after the driving disk is driven to rotate by the power mechanism, the insert is driven to move radially via the guide grooves and the bosses.

[0013] The number of the inserts is four evenly distributed along the circumference, and the opposite inserts are grouped. The top surface of one group of inserts is provided with a protrusion that passes upward into the guide groove of the upper drive disk, and the bottom surface of the other group of inserts is provided with a protrusion that passes downward into the guide groove of the lower drive disk.

[0014] Each of the single driving discs is laterally extended with a support arm, and the end of the support arm is rotatably mounted with the power mechanism, and the power mechanism synchronously pushes or pulls the driving disc to rotate via the support arm.

[0015] The structure of the power mechanism is as follows: it includes a hydraulic cylinder, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder faces the center of the base, a driving rod is installed at the end of the hydraulic cylinder output end, and connecting rods are rotatably installed at both ends of the driving rod via a rotating shaft assembly, and the connecting rod and the corresponding support arm end are rotatably installed via the rotating shaft assembly.

[0016] The ejection mechanism is composed of an intermediate disk, driving disks stacked above and below, and an insert. The base includes an upper cover and a base plate spaced apart from each other, and a space for accommodating the ejection mechanism is formed between the upper cover and the base plate. A cantilever is bent downwardly and extended from the edge of the upper cover, and side ears are extended outwardly from the edge of the base plate. The cantilever and the side ears are in contact with each other and are fastened by fasteners. A through hole is opened in the middle of the base plate for the ballast assembly to pass upward.

[0017] A method for jettisoning a multi-purpose manned submersible jettisoning device includes three jettisoning modes: jettisoning a small ballast alone, jettisoning a large ballast alone, and jettisoning a ballast assembly as a whole;

[0018] The method of dumping small ballast alone is:

[0019] The power mechanism works to drive multiple inserts to move radially inward synchronously, thereby releasing the mounting of the small ballast relative to the large ballast, so that the small ballast falls away from the large ballast under the action of gravity, thus achieving the dumping of the small ballast;

[0020] The method of dumping large ballast alone is:

[0021] After the small ballast is dumped, the power mechanism works in the reverse direction to drive multiple inserts to move radially outward synchronously. When the inserts are separated from the large ballast, the support of the large ballast on the base is released, and the large ballast falls off the base under the action of gravity, thus achieving the dumping of the large ballast.

[0022] The overall method of dumping ballast assembly is:

[0023] When the small ballast is mounted inside the large ballast, the power mechanism works to drive multiple inserts to move radially outward synchronously, releasing the support of the large ballast on the base, so that the large ballast and the small ballast fall together under the action of gravity and leave the base, realizing the overall load dumping of the ballast assembly.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] The present invention has a compact and reasonable structure and is easy to operate. The ballast assembly is formed by small ballasts and large ballasts nested inside and outside. Under the radial movement of the insert, the ballast assembly can be dumped with a single small ballast, a single large ballast, or as a whole, thereby realizing different forms of dumping of the ballast assembly. The overall structure is simplified, compact and ingenious, and easy to use, which greatly meets the needs of conventional dumping and emergency dumping of the submersible when diving and surfacing.

[0026] In the present invention, different forms of load dumping are triggered by the movement of the insert, and the radial inward and radial outward movement of the insert are driven by the power mechanism, thereby realizing the use of load dumping with different requirements by a set of actuators, which greatly simplifies the overall structure and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the ballast assembly of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 Exploded view of the ballast assembly of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ejection mechanism of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the intermediate disk and the insert of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the base of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the present invention when dumping a small ballast.

[0035] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0036] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the present invention when dumping a large ballast.

[0037] Among them: 1. Power mechanism; 2. Base; 3. Load-discharging mechanism; 4. Ballast assembly;

[0038] 11. Hydraulic cylinder; 12. Driving rod; 13. Rotating shaft assembly; 14. Connecting rod;

[0039] 21. upper cover; 22. substrate; 211. cantilever; 221. through hole; 222. side ear;

[0040] 31, driving disk; 32, insert; 33, intermediate disk; 311, support arm; 312, guide groove; 321, convex column; 322, convex arc structure; 331, slot; 332, radial groove;

[0041] 41. Large ballast; 42. Small ballast; 411. Center hole; 412. Radial hole; 413. Boss; 414. Large ballast body; 4111. Large hole portion; 4112. Step surface; 4113. Small hole portion; 421. Small ballast body; 422. Neck; 423. Hanging portion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, a multi-purpose manned submersible jettisoning device of the present embodiment includes a base 2, in which a plurality of inserts 32 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, a ballast assembly 4 is installed extending from bottom to top into the base 2, the ballast assembly 4 includes a small ballast 42 and a large ballast 41 nested inside and outside, the small ballast 42 is mounted and supported inside the large ballast 41, and a single insert 32 is radially inserted into the end of the large ballast 41 extending into the base 2, and the large ballast 41 is supported on the base 2 and relatively fixed through the insertion of the insert 32; and a power mechanism 1 is also included, which drives a plurality of inserts 32 to move radially inward or radially outward synchronously, the insert 32 moving radially inward will release the mounting support of the large ballast 41 for the small ballast 42, and the insert 32 moving radially outward will separate from the large ballast 41 and release the support of the base 2 for the large ballast 41.

[0044] In this embodiment, the ballast assembly 4 is formed by small ballasts 42 and large ballasts 41 nested inside and outside. Under the radial movement of the insert 32, the ballast assembly 4 can be unloaded with a single small ballast 42, a single large ballast 41, or as a whole, thereby realizing different forms of unloading of the ballast assembly 4.

[0045] In this embodiment, different forms of load shedding are triggered by the movement of the insert 32, and the radial inward and radial outward movement of the insert 32 are driven by the power mechanism 1, thereby realizing the use of load shedding for different needs by a set of actuators, which greatly simplifies the overall structure and use.

[0046] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the large ballast 41 is axially penetrated with a vertically arranged center hole 411, and the center hole 411 includes an upper large hole portion 4111, and a step surface 4112 is formed between the bottom end of the large hole portion 4111 and the small hole portion 4113 below; the top end of the small ballast 42 extends laterally to form a hanging portion 423, and after the hanging portion 423 of the small ballast 42 passes through the small hole portion 4113 from bottom to top, the small ballast 42 rotates relative to the large ballast 41 with the axial direction as the center, so that the bottom surface of the hanging portion 423 is in contact with the step surface 4112 to achieve hanging; a radial hole 412 for inserting the insert 32 is penetrated and opened on the circumferential wall surface of the large hole portion 4111, and the inner end of the insert 32 is facing the hanging portion 423 of the small ballast 42.

[0047] In this embodiment, after the small ballast 42 passes through the large ballast 41 from top to top, the small ballast 42 is axially rotated relative to the large ballast 41, so that the bottom surface of the hanging portion 423 contacts and fits with the step surface 4112, thereby realizing the hanging of the small ballast 42 inside the large ballast 41, that is, the installation of the small ballast 42 inside the large ballast 41; when the insert 32 moves radially inward, the inner end of the insert 32 will contact and apply force to push the hanging portion 423 of the small ballast 42, causing the small ballast 42 to rotate in the opposite direction relative to the large ballast 41 so that the hanging portion 423 gradually separates from the step surface 4112, until the hanging portion 423 is directly opposite to the small hole portion 4113, the small ballast 42 is detached from the hanging relative to the large ballast 41, and the small ballast 42 will fall downward under the action of its own gravity, thereby realizing the dumping.

[0048] Of course, when the insert 32 moves radially outward until it is out of the radial hole 412 of the large ballast 41, the large ballast 41 will fall downward under its own gravity through the support contact of the insert 32 on the base 2 to achieve load shedding.

[0049] The small hole portion 4113 of the large ballast 41 and the hanging portion 423 of the small ballast 42 are set as rectangular structures with matching sizes. After the hanging portion 423 passes through the small hole portion 4113 upward, it rotates with the small ballast 42, so that the hanging portion 423 is staggered relative to the circumferential position of the small hole portion 4113 and is hung on the step surface 4112. Figure 2 As shown, the small ballast 42 is mounted inside the large ballast 41; the inner end of the plug 32 facing the small ballast 42 is set to an outwardly convex arc structure 322. The setting of the outwardly convex arc structure 322 enables the plug 32 to smoothly drive the small ballast 42 to rotate when applying force to the mounting portion 423 of the inner end small ballast 42 through inward contact.

[0050] The large ballast 41 includes a large ballast body 414, and a boss 413 extends upward from the top surface of the large ballast body 414 and extends into the base 2 and is inserted into the insert 32; the small ballast 42 includes a small ballast body 421, and a hanging portion 423 is connected to the top surface of the small ballast body 421 via a neck 422, and the cross-sectional size of the neck 422 is smaller than the cross-sectional size of the hanging portion 423.

[0051] In this embodiment, the large ballast body 414 of the large ballast 41 can be designed in shape and size according to actual conditions, such as Figure 4 The medium and large ballast body 414 is set to a cylindrical structure with a larger diameter to meet the use requirements; of course, the small ballast body 421 of the small ballast 42 can also be designed in shape and size according to actual conditions, such as Figure 4The small and medium ballast bodies 421 are configured as cylindrical structures with a diameter greater than the neck 422. It is only necessary to open a space inside the large ballast 41 to accommodate the small ballast 42. Of course, in actual situations, when the tail of the small ballast 42 protrudes outward from the large ballast 41, it does not affect the use.

[0052] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, it also includes an intermediate disk 33 of an annular structure, and a slot 331 for inserting the insert 32 is provided along the radial inside and outside of the intermediate disk 33, and a single insert 32 has a boss 321 extending upward from the top surface or downward from the bottom surface, and a radial groove 332 is provided on the intermediate disk 33 for the boss 321 to pass through and move, so that the insert 32 moves in the radial direction relative to the intermediate disk 33 under the guidance of the boss 321-radial groove 332. At the same time, the radial groove 332 is set to limit the radial movement distance of the insert 32, and the radial groove 332 is set to be a non-radially through groove to prevent the insert 32 from escaping from the intermediate disk 33 when it moves radially.

[0053] Drive disks 31 of annular structure are stacked above and below the intermediate disk 33, and guide grooves 312 are provided on the drive disk 31 for the insertion and movement of the boss 321, and an angle is formed between the guide groove 312 and the radial direction; after the drive disk 31 is driven to rotate by the power mechanism 1, the insert 32 is driven to move radially via the guide groove 312 and the boss 321.

[0054] During use, the guide groove 312 of the driving disk 31 and the corresponding radial groove 332 of the intermediate disk 33 intersect with each other, and the boss 321 of the plug 32 passes through the intersection; when the driving disk 31 rotates, the boss 321 is driven to move along the length direction of the radial groove 332 of the intermediate disk 33 via the guide groove 312, thereby realizing the radial movement of the plug 32 relative to the intermediate disk 33.

[0055] The number of the inserts 32 is four evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the opposite inserts 32 are grouped. The top surface of one group of inserts 32 is provided with a boss 321 that passes upward into the guide groove 312 of the upper drive disk 31, and the bottom surface of the other group of inserts 32 is provided with a boss 321 that passes downward into the guide groove 312 of the lower drive disk 31, so that the two groups of inserts 32 are respectively driven by the rotation of the upper and lower drive disks 31 to achieve radial movement, and the rotation of the upper and lower drive disks 31 can be driven by the same power mechanism 1, of course, can also be driven by different powers.

[0056] Each driving disk 31 has a support arm 311 extending laterally, and the ends of the support arm 311 are rotatably mounted with the power mechanism 1 . The power mechanism 1 synchronously pushes or pulls the driving disk 31 to rotate via the support arm 311 .

[0057] In actual use, when the upper and lower drive disks 31 are driven to rotate by the same power mechanism 1 via the corresponding support arms 311, the rotation directions of the two drive disks 31 are opposite; the two drive disks 31 are driven by one power mechanism 1 to rotate synchronously in opposite directions, so that the two drive disks 31 can be limited to each other to produce a limit position at which the movement is terminated during use, especially when driving the plug 32 to move radially, since the upper and lower drive disks 31 rotate in opposite directions at the same time, the middle disk 33 will not move due to the plug 32 being driven by a certain drive disk 31, thereby effectively ensuring the effectiveness and reliability of the radial movement of the plug 32.

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, the structure of the power mechanism 1 is: it includes a hydraulic cylinder 11, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 11 is facing the center of the base 2, a driving rod 12 is installed at the end of the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 11, and connecting rods 14 are rotatably installed at both ends of the driving rod 12 via a rotating shaft assembly 13, and the connecting rod 14 and the corresponding end of the support arm 311 are rotatably installed via the rotating shaft assembly 13.

[0059] The rotating shaft assembly 13 can be axially limited via retaining rings at both ends of the axial direction after installation.

[0060] The ejection mechanism 3 is composed of the middle disk 33, the driving disks 31 stacked above and below, and the insert 32; Figure 7 As shown, the base 2 includes an upper cover 21 and a base plate 22 which are spaced apart from each other, and a space for accommodating the ejection mechanism 3 is formed between the upper cover 21 and the base plate 22; a cantilever 211 is bent downward and extended from the edge of the upper cover 21, and a side ear 222 is extended outward from the edge of the base plate 22, and the cantilever 211 and the side ear 222 are abutted against each other and fastened by fasteners; a through hole 221 is opened in the middle of the base plate 22 for the ballast assembly 4 to pass upward.

[0061] In this embodiment, the ballast device can be installed on the submersible by installing the base 2 and the power mechanism 1 on the submersible, and when it is necessary to dump the ballast, the ballast can be dumped according to actual needs.

[0062] The jettisoning method of the multi-purpose manned submersible jettisoning device of this embodiment includes three jettisoning modes, namely, jettisoning a small ballast 42 alone, jettisoning a large ballast 41 alone, and jettisoning the ballast assembly 4 as a whole;

[0063] The method of dumping small ballast 42 alone is:

[0064] The power mechanism 1 works, driving the multiple inserts 32 to move radially inward synchronously, thereby releasing the small ballast 42 from being mounted relative to the large ballast 41, so that the small ballast 42 falls away from the large ballast 41 under the action of gravity, thereby achieving the dumping of the small ballast 42;

[0065] Specifically: Figure 8 and Fig. 9As shown, the synchronous radial inward movement of the insert 32 will contact and apply force to the mounting portion 423 of the small ballast 42 extending into the central hole 411 of the large ballast 41, and the small ballast 42 will be driven to rotate relative to the large ballast 41 through the force of the mounting portion 423, so that the mounting portion 423 and the small hole portion 4113, which were originally relatively staggered for mounting, gradually become aligned in shape, so that the small ballast 42 is separated from the mounting on the step surface 4112 of the large ballast 41, and the small ballast 42 will fall under the action of gravity.

[0066] The method of dumping the large ballast 41 alone is:

[0067] After dumping the small ballast 42, the power mechanism 1 works in the reverse direction, such as Fig.10 As shown, the plurality of inserts 32 are driven to move radially outward synchronously. When the inserts 32 are separated from the large ballast 41 , the support of the large ballast 41 on the base 2 via the inserts 32 is released, and the large ballast 41 falls and separates from the base 2 under the action of gravity, thereby achieving the dumping of the large ballast 41 .

[0068] The overall method of dumping the ballast assembly 4 is:

[0069] When the small ballast 42 is mounted inside the large ballast 41, the power mechanism 1 works to drive the multiple inserts 32 to move radially outward synchronously, thereby releasing the support of the large ballast 41 on the base 2, so that the large ballast 41 and the small ballast 42 fall together under the action of gravity and separate from the base 2, thereby realizing the overall load dumping of the ballast assembly 4.

[0070] In this embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder 11 is in its original position before dumping, and the insert 32 is in a middle position relative to the radial groove 332 of the intermediate disk 33, that is, the boss 321 of the insert 32 is located in the middle of the radial groove 332 of the intermediate disk 33 and in the middle of the guide groove 312 of the drive disk 31; when the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 11 pushes the drive rod 12 forward or pulls the drive rod 12 backward, the insert 32 can passively move radially inward or outward relative to the intermediate disk 33, corresponding to the use of different forms of dumping.

[0071] The present invention realizes different forms of ballast assembly dumping, has a simplified overall structure, is compact and ingenious, is easy to use, and can greatly meet the needs of conventional dumping and emergency dumping for submersibles when diving and surfacing.

[0072] The above description is an explanation of the present invention, not a limitation of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined in the claims. Any form of modification may be made within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-purpose manned submersible jettisoning device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base (2), wherein a plurality of inserts (32) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction in the base (2), and a ballast assembly (4) is installed in the base (2) from bottom to top, wherein the ballast assembly (4) comprises a small ballast (42) and a large ballast (41) which are nested inside and outside, wherein the small ballast (42) is mounted and supported inside the large ballast (41), and each of the inserts (32) is inserted radially into the end of the large ballast (41) which extends into the base (2), and the large ballast (41) is supported on the base (2) and relatively fixed by the insertion of the inserts (32); and the invention also comprises a power machine. The power mechanism (1) drives the plurality of inserts (32) to move radially inward or radially outward synchronously, the inserts (32) moving radially inward will release the mounting support of the large ballast (41) for the small ballast (42), and the inserts (32) moving radially outward will break away from the large ballast (41) and release the support of the base (2) for the large ballast (41); the large ballast (41) is axially penetrated and provided with a central hole (411) arranged vertically, the central hole (411) comprising an upper large hole portion (4111), the bottom end of the large hole portion (4111) and the A step surface (4112) is formed between the small hole portions (4113) at the bottom; the top end of the small ballast (42) extends laterally to form a hanging portion (423); after the hanging portion (423) of the small ballast (42) passes through the small hole portion (4113) from bottom to top, the small ballast (42) rotates relative to the large ballast (41) with the axial direction as the center, so that the bottom surface of the hanging portion (423) contacts the step surface (4112) to achieve hanging; a radial hole (412) for inserting the insert (32) is opened through the circumferential wall surface of the large hole portion (4111); the insert ( The inner end of the plug (32) faces the mounting portion (423) of the small ballast (42); the small hole portion (4113) of the large ballast (41) and the mounting portion (423) of the small ballast (42) are arranged as rectangular structures with matching sizes; the mounting portion (423) passes through the small hole portion (4113) upwards and rotates along with the small ballast (42), so that the mounting portion (423) is staggered relative to the small hole portion (4113) in the circumferential direction and is mounted on the step surface (4112); the inner end of the plug (32) facing the small ballast (42) is arranged as an outwardly convex arc structure (322).

2. A multi-purpose manned submersible jettisoning device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The large ballast (41) comprises a large ballast body (414), the top surface of which extends upwards to form a boss (413) that extends into the base (2) and is inserted into the insert (32); the small ballast (42) comprises a small ballast body (421), the top surface of which is connected to a hanging portion (423) via a neck (422), and the cross-sectional size of the neck (422) is smaller than the cross-sectional size of the hanging portion (423).

3. A multi-purpose manned submersible jettisoning device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises an intermediate disk (33) of an annular structure, wherein a slot (331) for inserting a plug (32) is provided along the radial direction and passing through the intermediate disk (33) inwardly and outwardly, and a boss (321) extends upwardly from the top surface or downwardly from the bottom surface of a single plug (32), and a radial groove (332) is provided on the intermediate disk (33) for the boss (321) to pass through and move; driving disks (31) of the same annular structure are respectively stacked above and below the intermediate disk (33), and a guide groove (312) is provided on the driving disk (31) for the boss (321) to insert and move, and an angle is formed between the guide groove (312) and the radial direction; after the driving disk (31) is driven to rotate by the power mechanism (1), the plug (32) is driven to move radially via the guide groove (312) and the boss (321).

4. A multi-purpose manned submersible jettisoning device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the inserts (32) is four and is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. The opposite inserts (32) are grouped together. The top surface of one group of inserts (32) is provided with a convex column (321) that passes upward into the guide groove (312) of the upper drive disk (31), and the bottom surface of the other group of inserts (32) is provided with a convex column (321) that passes downward into the guide groove (312) of the lower drive disk (31).

5. A multi-purpose manned submersible jettisoning device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: Each of the single drive discs (31) has a support arm (311) extending laterally, and the ends of the support arms (311) are rotatably mounted with the power mechanism (1). The power mechanism (1) synchronously pushes or pulls the drive disc (31) to rotate via the support arms (311).

6. A multi-purpose manned submersible jettisoning device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The power mechanism (1) has a structure comprising a hydraulic cylinder (11), wherein the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (11) faces the center of the base (2), a driving rod (12) is mounted on the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (11), connecting rods (14) are rotatably mounted on both ends of the driving rod (12) via a rotating shaft assembly (13), and the connecting rod (14) and the corresponding end of the support arm (311) are rotatably mounted via the rotating shaft assembly (13).

7. A multi-purpose manned submersible jettisoning device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The ejection mechanism (3) is composed of an intermediate disk (33), a driving disk (31) stacked on the upper and lower sides, and an insert (32). The base (2) comprises an upper cover (21) and a base plate (22) arranged at an interval, and a space for accommodating the ejection mechanism (3) is formed between the upper cover (21) and the base plate (22). The edge of the upper cover (21) is bent downward to form a cantilever (211), and the edge of the base plate (22) is extended outward to form a side ear (222). The cantilever (211) and the side ear (222) are in contact with each other and are fastened by a fastener. A through hole (221) is provided in the middle of the base plate (22) for the ballast assembly (4) to pass upward.

8. A method for jettisoning a multi-purpose manned submersible according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes three dumping modes, dumping a small ballast (42) alone, dumping a large ballast (41) alone, and dumping a ballast assembly (4) as a whole; The method of dumping small ballast (42) alone is: The power mechanism (1) works to drive the plurality of inserts (32) to move radially inward synchronously, thereby releasing the mounting of the small ballast (42) relative to the large ballast (41), so that the small ballast (42) falls away from the large ballast (41) under the action of gravity, thereby achieving the dumping of the small ballast (42); The method of dumping the heavy ballast (41) alone is: After the small ballast (42) is dumped, the power mechanism (1) works in the reverse direction to drive the plurality of inserts (32) to synchronously move radially outward. When the inserts (32) are separated from the large ballast (41), the support of the large ballast (41) on the base (2) via the inserts (32) is released, and the large ballast (41) falls and is separated from the base (2) under the action of gravity, thereby achieving the dumping of the large ballast (41); The overall method of the dumping and ballast assembly (4) is: When the small ballast (42) is mounted inside the large ballast (41), the power mechanism (1) operates to drive the plurality of inserts (32) to move radially outward synchronously, thereby releasing the support of the large ballast (41) on the base (2), so that the large ballast (41) and the small ballast (42) fall together under the action of gravity and separate from the base (2), thereby achieving the overall dumping of the ballast assembly (4).

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